1
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Chen YF, Ghazala M, Friedrich RM, Cordova BA, Petroze FN, Srinivasan R, Allan KC, Yan DF, Sax JL, Carr K, Tomchuck SL, Fedorov Y, Huang AY, Desai AB, Adams DJ. Targeting the chromatin binding of exportin-1 disrupts NFAT and T cell activation. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:1260-1271. [PMID: 38528120 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1) plays a central role in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport of hundreds of proteins and contributes to other cellular processes, such as centrosome duplication. Small molecules targeting XPO1 induce cytotoxicity, and selinexor was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 as a cancer chemotherapy for relapsed multiple myeloma. Here, we describe a cell-type-dependent chromatin-binding function for XPO1 that is essential for the chromatin occupancy of NFAT transcription factors and thus the appropriate activation of T cells. Additionally, we establish a class of XPO1-targeting small molecules capable of disrupting the chromatin binding of XPO1 without perturbing nuclear export or inducing cytotoxicity. This work defines a broad transcription regulatory role for XPO1 that is essential for T cell activation as well as a new class of XPO1 modulators to enable therapeutic targeting of XPO1 beyond oncology including in T cell-driven autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Ghazala
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brittany A Cordova
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frederick N Petroze
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ramya Srinivasan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David F Yan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kelley Carr
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suzanne L Tomchuck
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amar B Desai
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Rasouli M, Troester S, Grebien F, Goemans BF, Zwaan CM, Heidenreich O. NUP98 oncofusions in myeloid malignancies: An update on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e70013. [PMID: 39323480 PMCID: PMC11423334 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.70013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a heterogeneous molecular landscape. In the pediatric context, the NUP98 gene is a frequent target of chromosomal rearrangements that are linked to poor prognosis and unfavorable treatment outcomes in different AML subtypes. The translocations fuse NUP98 to a diverse array of partner genes, resulting in fusion proteins with novel functions. NUP98 fusion oncoproteins induce aberrant biomolecular condensation, abnormal gene expression programs, and re-wired protein interactions which ultimately cause alterations in the cell cycle and changes in cellular structures, all of which contribute to leukemia development. The extent of these effects is steered by the functional domains of the fusion partners and the influence of concomitant somatic mutations. In this review, we discuss the complex characteristics of NUP98 fusion proteins and potential novel therapeutic approaches for NUP98 fusion-driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rasouli
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Selina Troester
- Department of Biological Sciences and PathobiologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Department of Biological Sciences and PathobiologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI)ViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - C. Michel Zwaan
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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3
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Larizza L, Colombo EA. Interdependence between Nuclear Pore Gatekeepers and Genome Caretakers: Cues from Genome Instability Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9387. [PMID: 39273335 PMCID: PMC11394955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This review starts off with the first germline homozygous variants of the Nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98) in siblings whose clinical presentation recalls Rothmund-Thomson (RTS) and Werner (WS) syndromes. The progeroid phenotype caused by a gene associated with haematological malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders primed the search for interplay between caretakers involved in genome instability syndromes and Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) components. In the context of basic information on NPC architecture and functions, we discuss the studies on the interdependence of caretakers and gatekeepers in WS and Hereditary Fibrosing Poikiloderma (POIKTMP), both entering in differential diagnosis with RTS. In WS, the WRN/WRNIP complex interacts with nucleoporins of the Y-complex and NDC1 altering NPC architecture. In POIKTMP, the mutated FAM111B, recruited by the Y-complex's SEC13 and NUP96, interacts with several Nups safeguarding NPC structure. The linkage of both defective caretakers to the NPC highlights the attempt to activate a repair hub at the nuclear periphery to restore the DNA damage. The two separate WS and POIKTMP syndromes are drawn close by the interaction of their damage sensors with the NPC and by the shared hallmark of short fragile telomeres disclosing a major role of both caretakers in telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Larizza
- Experimental Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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4
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Aumann WK, Kazi R, Harrington AM, Wechsler DS. Novel-and Not So Novel-Inhibitors of the Multifunctional CRM1 Protein. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1427497. [PMID: 39161560 PMCID: PMC11330842 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1427497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (CRM1), also known as Exportin 1 (XPO1), is a protein that is critical for transport of proteins and RNA to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex. CRM1 inhibition with small molecule inhibitors is currently being studied in many cancers, including leukemias, solid organ malignancies and brain tumors. We review the structure of CRM1, its role in nuclear export, the current availability of CRM1 inhibitors, and the role of CRM1 in a number of distinct cellular processes. A deeper understanding of how CRM1 functions in nuclear export as well as other cellular processes may allow for the development of additional novel CRM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waitman K. Aumann
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rafi Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amanda M. Harrington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daniel S. Wechsler
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Chen YF, Shen Y, Yan DF, Ghazala M, Scemama de Gialluly MA, Srinivasan R, Farrar AN, Friedrich RM, Adams DJ. Electrophile Determines Cellular Phenotypes among XPO1-Targeting Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12033-12054. [PMID: 39005064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Covalent drug discovery has experienced a renaissance, with numerous electrophilic small molecules recently gaining FDA approval. Many structurally diverse electrophilic small molecules target exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1) at cysteine 528, including the selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) selinexor, which was FDA-approved as an anticancer agent in 2019. Emerging evidence supports additional pharmacological classes of XPO1 modulators targeting Cys528, including the selective inhibitors of transcriptional activation (SITAs) and probes that induce rapid degradation of XPO1. Here, we analyzed structure-activity relationships across multiple structural series of XPO1 Cys528-targeting probes. We observe that the electrophilic moiety of Cys528-targeting small molecules plays a decisive role in the cellular behavior observed, with subtle changes in electrophile structure being sufficient to convert XPO1-targeting probes to different pharmacological classes. This investigation represents a unique case study in which the electrophile functionality used to target a specific cysteine determines the pharmacological effect among diverse XPO1-targeting small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - David F Yan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Maryam Ghazala
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marc A Scemama de Gialluly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ramya Srinivasan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Amanda N Farrar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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6
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Chen YF, Rahman A, Sax JL, Atala Pleshinger MJ, Friedrich RM, Adams DJ. C646 degrades Exportin-1 to modulate p300 chromatin occupancy and function. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1363-1372.e8. [PMID: 38917791 PMCID: PMC11268802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Molecular glues can induce proximity between a target protein and ubiquitin ligases to induce target degradation, but strategies for their discovery remain limited. We screened 3,200 bioactive small molecules and identified that C646 requires neddylation-dependent protein degradation to induce cytotoxicity. Although the histone acetyltransferase p300 is the canonical target of C646, we provide extensive evidence that C646 directly targets and degrades Exportin-1 (XPO1). Multiple cellular phenotypes induced by C646 were abrogated in cells expressing the known XPO1C528S drug-resistance allele. While XPO1 catalyzes nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport of many cargo proteins, it also directly binds chromatin. We demonstrate that p300 and XPO1 co-occupy hundreds of chromatin loci. Degrading XPO1 using C646 or the known XPO1 modulator S109 diminishes the chromatin occupancy of both XPO1 and p300, enabling direct targeting of XPO1 to phenocopy p300 inhibition. This work highlights the utility of drug-resistant alleles and further validates XPO1 as a targetable regulator of chromatin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthew J Atala Pleshinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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7
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Ge T, Brickner DG, Zehr K, VanBelzen DJ, Zhang W, Caffalette C, Ungerleider S, Marcou N, Chait B, Rout MP, Brickner JH. Exportin-1 functions as an adaptor for transcription factor-mediated docking of chromatin at the nuclear pore complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593355. [PMID: 38798450 PMCID: PMC11118273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear pore proteins (Nups) in yeast, flies and mammals physically interact with hundreds or thousands of chromosomal sites, which impacts transcriptional regulation. In budding yeast, transcription factors mediate interaction of Nups with enhancers of highly active genes. To define the molecular basis of this mechanism, we exploited a separation-of-function mutation in the Gcn4 transcription factor that blocks its interaction with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) without altering its DNA binding or activation domains. SILAC mass spectrometry revealed that this mutation reduces the interaction of Gcn4 with the highly conserved nuclear export factor Crm1/Xpo1. Crm1 both interacts with the same sites as Nups genome-wide and is required for Nup2 to interact with the yeast genome. In vivo, Crm1 undergoes extensive and stable interactions with the NPC. In vitro, Crm1 binds to Gcn4 and these proteins form a complex with the nuclear pore protein Nup2. Importantly, the interaction between Crm1 and Gcn4 does not require Ran-GTP, suggesting that it is not through the nuclear export sequence binding site. Finally, Crm1 stimulates DNA binding by Gcn4, supporting a model in which allosteric coupling between Crm1 binding and DNA binding permits docking of transcription factor-bound enhancers at the NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Ge
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Kara Zehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - D Jake VanBelzen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Sara Ungerleider
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Nikita Marcou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Current address: Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michael P Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jason H Brickner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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8
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Khan I, Amin MA, Eklund EA, Gartel AL. Regulation of HOX gene expression in AML. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38453907 PMCID: PMC10920644 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As key developmental regulators, HOX cluster genes have varied and context-specific roles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. A complex interaction of transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, long non-coding RNAs and chromatin structural changes orchestrate HOX expression in leukemia cells. In this review we summarize molecular mechanisms underlying HOX regulation in clinical subsets of AML, with a focus on NPM1 mutated (NPM1mut) AML comprising a third of all AML patients. While the leukemia initiating function of the NPM1 mutation is clearly dependent on HOX activity, the favorable treatment responses in these patients with upregulation of HOX cluster genes is a poorly understood paradoxical observation. Recent data confirm FOXM1 as a suppressor of HOX activity and a well-known binding partner of NPM suggesting that FOXM1 inactivation may mediate the effect of cytoplasmic NPM on HOX upregulation. Conversely the residual nuclear fraction of mutant NPM has also been recently shown to have chromatin modifying effects permissive to HOX expression. Recent identification of the menin-MLL interaction as a critical vulnerability of HOX-dependent AML has fueled the development of menin inhibitors that are clinically active in NPM1 and MLL rearranged AML despite inconsistent suppression of the HOX locus. Insights into context-specific regulation of HOX in AML may provide a solid foundation for targeting this common vulnerability across several major AML subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Khan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Eklund
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Potluri S, Kellaway SG, Coleman DJL, Keane P, Imperato MR, Assi SA, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Gene regulation in t(6;9) DEK::NUP214 Acute Myeloid Leukemia resembles that of FLT3-ITD/NPM1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia but with an altered HOX/MEIS axis. Leukemia 2024; 38:403-407. [PMID: 38172329 PMCID: PMC10844093 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie G Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Blood Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Keane
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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10
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Aryal S, Lu R. HOXA9 Regulome and Pharmacological Interventions in Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:405-430. [PMID: 39017854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
HOXA9, an important transcription factor (TF) in hematopoiesis, is aberrantly expressed in numerous cases of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is a strong indicator of poor prognosis in patients. HOXA9 is a proto-oncogene which is both sufficient and necessary for leukemia transformation. HOXA9 expression in leukemia correlates with patient survival outcomes and response to therapy. Chromosomal transformations (such as NUP98-HOXA9), mutations, epigenetic dysregulation (e.g., MLL- MENIN -LEDGF complex or DOT1L/KMT4), transcription factors (such as USF1/USF2), and noncoding RNA (such as HOTTIP and HOTAIR) regulate HOXA9 mRNA and protein during leukemia. HOXA9 regulates survival, self-renewal, and progenitor cell cycle through several of its downstream target TFs including LMO2, antiapoptotic BCL2, SOX4, and receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 and STAT5. This dynamic and multilayered HOXA9 regulome provides new therapeutic opportunities, including inhibitors targeting DOT1L/KMT4, MENIN, NPM1, and ENL proteins. Recent findings also suggest that HOXA9 maintains leukemia by actively repressing myeloid differentiation genes. This chapter summarizes the recent advances understanding biochemical mechanisms underlying HOXA9-mediated leukemogenesis, the clinical significance of its abnormal expression, and pharmacological approaches to treat HOXA9-driven leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajesan Aryal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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11
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Zheng LW, Liu CC, Yu KD. Phase separations in oncogenesis, tumor progressions and metastasis: a glance from hallmarks of cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:123. [PMID: 38110976 PMCID: PMC10726551 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for interpreting precise spatiotemporal coordination in living cells through biomolecular condensate (BMC) formation via dynamic aggregation. LLPS changes individual molecules into membrane-free, droplet-like BMCs with specific functions, which coordinate various cellular activities. The formation and regulation of LLPS are closely associated with oncogenesis, tumor progressions and metastasis, the specific roles and mechanisms of LLPS in tumors still need to be further investigated at present. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the conditions of LLPS and identify mechanisms involved in abnormal LLPS in cancer processes, including tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis from the perspective of cancer hallmarks. We have also reviewed the clinical applications of LLPS in oncologic areas. This systematic summary of dysregulated LLPS from the different dimensions of cancer hallmarks will build a bridge for determining its specific functions to further guide basic research, finding strategies to intervene in LLPS, and developing relevant therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Wei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cui-Cui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Falini B. NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: New pathogenetic and therapeutic insights and open questions. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1452-1464. [PMID: 37317978 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene encodes for a multifunctional chaperone protein that is localized in the nucleolus but continuously shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 mutations occur in about one-third of AML, are AML-specific, usually involve exon 12 and are frequently associated with FLT3-ITD, DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations. Because of its unique molecular and clinico-pathological features, NPM1-mutated AML is regarded as a distinct leukemia entity in both the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms. All NPM1 mutations generate leukemic mutants that are aberrantly exported in the cytoplasm of the leukemic cells and are relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we focus on recently identified functions of the NPM1 mutant at chromatin level and its relevance in driving HOX/MEIS gene expression. We also discuss yet controversial issues of the ICC/WHO classifications, including the biological and clinical significance of therapy-related NPM1-mutated AML and the relevance of blasts percentage in defining NPM1-mutated AML. Finally, we address the impact of new targeted therapies in NPM1-mutated AML with focus on CAR T cells directed against NPM1/HLA neoepitopes, as well as XPO1 and menin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research (CREO), University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Oka M, Otani M, Miyamoto Y, Oshima R, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Asally M, Nagaoka Y, Tanaka K, Toyoda A, Ichikawa K, Morishita S, Isono K, Koseki H, Nakato R, Ohkawa Y, Yoneda Y. Phase-separated nuclear bodies of nucleoporin fusions promote condensation of MLL1/CRM1 and rearrangement of 3D genome structure. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112884. [PMID: 37516964 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NUP98 and NUP214 form chimeric fusion proteins that assemble into phase-separated nuclear bodies containing CRM1, a nuclear export receptor. However, these nuclear bodies' function in controlling gene expression remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear bodies of NUP98::HOXA9 and SET::NUP214 promote the condensation of mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), a histone methyltransferase essential for the maintenance of HOX gene expression. These nuclear bodies are robustly associated with MLL1/CRM1 and co-localized on chromatin. Furthermore, whole-genome chromatin-conformation capture analysis reveals that NUP98::HOXA9 induces a drastic alteration in high-order genome structure at target regions concomitant with the generation of chromatin loops and/or rearrangement of topologically associating domains in a phase-separation-dependent manner. Collectively, these results show that the phase-separated nuclear bodies of nucleoporin fusion proteins can enhance the activation of target genes by promoting the condensation of MLL1/CRM1 and rearrangement of the 3D genome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Otani
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Rieko Oshima
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Munehiro Asally
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yuya Nagaoka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ichikawa
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Isono
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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15
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Ikliptikawati DK, Hirai N, Makiyama K, Sabit H, Kinoshita M, Matsumoto K, Lim K, Meguro-Horike M, Horike SI, Hazawa M, Nakada M, Wong RW. Nuclear transport surveillance of p53 by nuclear pores in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112882. [PMID: 37552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the central apparatus of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Disease-specific alterations of NPCs contribute to the pathogenesis of many cancers; however, the roles of NPCs in glioblastoma (GBM) are unknown. In this study, we report genomic amplification of NUP107, a component of NPCs, in GBM and show that NUP107 is overexpressed simultaneously with MDM2, a critical E3 ligase that mediates p53 degradation. Depletion of NUP107 inhibits the growth of GBM cell lines through p53 protein stabilization. Mechanistically, NPCs establish a p53 degradation platform via an export pathway coupled with 26S proteasome tethering. NUP107 is the keystone for NPC assembly; the loss of NUP107 affects the integrity of the NPC structure, and thus the proportion of 26S proteasome in the vicinity of nuclear pores significantly decreases. Together, our findings establish roles of NPCs in transport surveillance and provide insights into p53 inactivation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Kurnia Ikliptikawati
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 1538515, Japan
| | - Kei Makiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Koki Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Keesiang Lim
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Makiko Meguro-Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan.
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan.
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16
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Niu X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zong Z, Wang B, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhou F. Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e223. [PMID: 36875159 PMCID: PMC9974629 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhi Zong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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17
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Wang XQD, Fan D, Han Q, Liu Y, Miao H, Wang X, Li Q, Chen D, Gore H, Himadewi P, Pfeifer GP, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Su J, Chong S, Wan L, Zhang X. Mutant NPM1 Hijacks Transcriptional Hubs to Maintain Pathogenic Gene Programs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:724-745. [PMID: 36455589 PMCID: PMC9975662 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar protein with a wide range of biological functions. In 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the terminal exon of NPM1 is often found mutated, resulting in the addition of a nuclear export signal and a shift of the protein to the cytoplasm (NPM1c). AMLs carrying this mutation have aberrant expression of the HOXA/B genes, whose overexpression leads to leukemogenic transformation. Here, for the first time, we comprehensively prove that NPM1c binds to a subset of active gene promoters in NPM1c AMLs, including well-known leukemia-driving genes-HOXA/B cluster genes and MEIS1. NPM1c sustains the active transcription of key target genes by orchestrating a transcription hub and maintains the active chromatin landscape by inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases. Together, these findings reveal the neomorphic function of NPM1c as a transcriptional amplifier for leukemic gene expression and open up new paradigms for therapeutic intervention. SIGNIFICANCE NPM1 mutation is the most common mutation in AML, yet the mechanism of how the mutant protein results in AML remains unclear. Here, for the first time, we prove mutant NPM1 directly binds to active chromatin regions and hijacks the transcription of AML-driving genes. See related article by Uckelmann et al., p. 746. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qing David Wang
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Dandan Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Han
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Yiman Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haley Gore
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Pamela Himadewi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Gerd P. Pfeifer
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
- Corresponding Authors: Xiaotian Zhang, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Room MSB 6.202, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-500-5146; E-mail: ; Liling Wan, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, RM751, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-898-3116; E-mail: ; and Shasha Chong, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 147-75, Pasadena, CA 91125. Phone: 626-395-5736; E-mail:
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding Authors: Xiaotian Zhang, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Room MSB 6.202, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-500-5146; E-mail: ; Liling Wan, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, RM751, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-898-3116; E-mail: ; and Shasha Chong, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 147-75, Pasadena, CA 91125. Phone: 626-395-5736; E-mail:
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding Authors: Xiaotian Zhang, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Room MSB 6.202, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-500-5146; E-mail: ; Liling Wan, University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, RM751, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-898-3116; E-mail: ; and Shasha Chong, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 147-75, Pasadena, CA 91125. Phone: 626-395-5736; E-mail:
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18
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Mitrea DM, Mittasch M, Gomes BF, Klein IA, Murcko MA. Modulating biomolecular condensates: a novel approach to drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:841-862. [PMID: 35974095 PMCID: PMC9380678 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, membraneless assemblies known as biomolecular condensates have been reported to play key roles in many cellular functions by compartmentalizing specific proteins and nucleic acids in subcellular environments with distinct properties. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that biomolecular condensates often form by phase separation, in which a single-phase system demixes into a two-phase system consisting of a condensed phase and a dilute phase of particular biomolecules. Emerging understanding of condensate function in normal and aberrant cellular states, and of the mechanisms of condensate formation, is providing new insights into human disease and revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. In this Perspective, we propose that such insights could enable a previously unexplored drug discovery approach based on identifying condensate-modifying therapeutics (c-mods), and we discuss the strategies, techniques and challenges involved.
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Jevtic Z, Matafora V, Casagrande F, Santoro F, Minucci S, Garre’ M, Rasouli M, Heidenreich O, Musco G, Schwaller J, Bachi A. SMARCA5 interacts with NUP98-NSD1 oncofusion protein and sustains hematopoietic cells transformation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:34. [PMID: 35073946 PMCID: PMC8785526 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by accumulation of aberrantly differentiated hematopoietic myeloid progenitor cells. The karyotyping-silent NUP98-NSD1 fusion is a molecular hallmark of pediatric AML and is associated with the activating FLT3-ITD mutation in > 70% of the cases. NUP98-NSD1 fusion protein promotes myeloid progenitor self-renewal in mice via unknown molecular mechanism requiring both the NUP98 and the NSD1 moieties. Methods We used affinity purification coupled to label-free mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to examine the effect of NUP98-NSD1 structural domain deletions on nuclear interactome binding. We determined their functional relevance in NUP98-NSD1 immortalized primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) by inducible knockdown, pharmacological targeting, methylcellulose assay, RT-qPCR analysis and/or proximity ligation assays (PLA). Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and b-isoxazole assay were performed to examine the phase transition capacity of NUP98-NSD1 in vitro and in vivo. Results We show that NUP98-NSD1 core interactome binding is largely dependent on the NUP98 phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat domains which mediate formation of liquid-like phase-separated NUP98-NSD1 nuclear condensates. We identified condensate constituents including imitation switch (ISWI) family member SMARCA5 and BPTF (bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor), both members of the nucleosome remodeling factor complex (NURF). We validated the interaction with SMARCA5 in NUP98-NSD1+ patient cells and demonstrated its functional role in NUP98-NSD1/FLT3-ITD immortalized primary murine hematopoietic cells by genetic and pharmacological targeting. Notably, SMARCA5 inhibition did not affect NUP98-NSD1 condensates suggesting that functional activity rather than condensate formation per se is crucial to maintain the transformed phenotype. Conclusions NUP98-NSD1 interacts and colocalizes on the genome with SMARCA5 which is an essential mediator of the NUP98-NSD1 transformation in hematopoietic cells. Formation of NUP98-NSD1 phase-separated nuclear condensates is not sufficient for the maintenance of transformed phenotype, which suggests that selective targeting of condensate constituents might represent a new therapeutic strategy for NUP98-NSD1 driven AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02248-x.
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Bridoux L, Gofflot F, Rezsohazy R. HOX Protein Activity Regulation by Cellular Localization. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040056. [PMID: 34940503 PMCID: PMC8707151 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the functions of HOX genes have been and remain extensively studied in distinct model organisms from flies to mice, the molecular biology of HOX proteins remains poorly documented. In particular, the mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of HOX proteins have been poorly investigated. Nonetheless, based on data available from other well-characterized transcription factors, it can be assumed that HOX protein activity must be finely tuned in a cell-type-specific manner and in response to defined environmental cues. Indeed, records in protein–protein interaction databases or entries in post-translational modification registries clearly support that HOX proteins are the targets of multiple layers of regulation at the protein level. In this context, we review here what has been reported and what can be inferred about how the activities of HOX proteins are regulated by their intracellular distribution.
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21
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Gavory G, Baril C, Laberge G, Bidla G, Koonpaew S, Sonea T, Sauvageau G, Therrien M. A genetic screen in Drosophila uncovers the multifaceted properties of the NUP98-HOXA9 oncogene. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009730. [PMID: 34383740 PMCID: PMC8384169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) underlies the uncontrolled accumulation of immature myeloid blasts. Several cytogenetic abnormalities have been associated with AML. Among these is the NUP98-HOXA9 (NA9) translocation that fuses the Phe-Gly repeats of nucleoporin NUP98 to the homeodomain of the transcription factor HOXA9. The mechanisms enabling NA9-induced leukemia are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a genetic screen in Drosophila for modifiers of NA9. The screen uncovered 29 complementation groups, including genes with mammalian homologs known to impinge on NA9 activity. Markedly, the modifiers encompassed a diversity of functional categories, suggesting that NA9 perturbs multiple intracellular events. Unexpectedly, we discovered that NA9 promotes cell fate transdetermination and that this phenomenon is greatly influenced by NA9 modifiers involved in epigenetic regulation. Together, our work reveals a network of genes functionally connected to NA9 that not only provides insights into its mechanism of action, but also represents potential therapeutic targets. Acute myeloid leukemia or AML is a cancer of blood cells. Despite significant progress in recent years, a majority of afflicted individuals still succumbs to the disease. A variety of genetic defects have been associated to AML. Among these are chromosomal translocations, which entail the fusion of two genes, leading to the production of cancer-inducing chimeric proteins. A representative example is the NUP98-HOXA9 oncoprotein, which results from the fusion of the NUP98 and HOXA9 genes. The mechanism of action of NUP98-HOXA9 remains poorly understood. Given the evolutionarily conservation of NUP98 and HOXA9 as well as basic cellular processes across multicellular organisms, we took advantage of Drosophila fruit flies as a genetic tool to identify genes that impinge on the activity of human NUP98-HOXA9. Surprisingly, this approach identified a relatively large spectrum of conserved genes that engaged in functional interplay with NUP98-HOXA9, which indicated the pervasive effects that this oncogene has on basic cellular events. While some genes have been previously linked to NUP98-HOXA9, thus validating our experimental approach, several others are novel and as such represent potentially new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gavory
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Caroline Baril
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gino Laberge
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gawa Bidla
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Surapong Koonpaew
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas Sonea
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Therrien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Département de pathologie et de biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Hamed M, Caspar B, Port SA, Kehlenbach RH. A nuclear export sequence promotes CRM1-dependent targeting of the nucleoporin Nup214 to the nuclear pore complex. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.258095. [PMID: 33589493 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nup214 is a major nucleoporin on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex with roles in late steps of nuclear protein and mRNA export. It interacts with the nuclear export receptor CRM1 (also known as XPO1) via characteristic phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats in its C-terminal region. Here, we identify a classic nuclear export sequence (NES) in Nup214 that mediates Ran-dependent binding to CRM1. Nup214 versions with mutations in the NES, as well as wild-type Nup214 in the presence of the selective CRM1 inhibitor leptomycin B, accumulate in the nucleus of Nup214-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, physiological binding partners of Nup214, such as Nup62 and Nup88, are recruited to the nucleus together with Nup214. Nuclear export of mutant Nup214 can be rescued by artificial nuclear export sequences at the C-terminal end of Nup214, leading also to a correct localization of Nup88. Our results suggest a function of the Nup214 NES in the biogenesis of the nuclear pore complex and/or in terminal steps of CRM1-dependent protein export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah A Port
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph H Kehlenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Aumann WK, Heath JL, Conway AE, Sze SGK, Gupta VK, Kazi RR, Tope DR, Wechsler DS, Lavau CP. Fusion of the CRM1 nuclear export receptor to AF10 causes leukemia and transcriptional activation of HOXA genes. Leukemia 2021; 35:876-880. [PMID: 32733011 PMCID: PMC7854800 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/etiology
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Waitman K Aumann
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Heath
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, University of Vermont; University of Vermont Children's Hospital; Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Amanda E Conway
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Veerain K Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rafi R Kazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald R Tope
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel S Wechsler
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Catherine P Lavau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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24
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Michmerhuizen NL, Klco JM, Mullighan CG. Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches for NUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies. Blood 2020; 136:2275-2289. [PMID: 32766874 PMCID: PMC7702474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins are observed in a spectrum of hematologic malignancies, particularly pediatric leukemias with poor patient outcomes. Although wild-type full-length NUP98 is a member of the nuclear pore complex, the chromosomal translocations leading to NUP98 gene fusions involve the intrinsically disordered and N-terminal region of NUP98 with over 30 partner genes. Fusion partners include several genes bearing homeodomains or having known roles in transcriptional or epigenetic regulation. Based on data in both experimental models and patient samples, NUP98 fusion oncoprotein-driven leukemogenesis is mediated by changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Multiple cofactors associate with NUP98 fusion oncoproteins to mediate transcriptional changes possibly via phase separation, in a manner likely dependent on the fusion partner. NUP98 gene fusions co-occur with a set of additional mutations, including FLT3-internal tandem duplication and other events contributing to increased proliferation. To improve the currently dire outcomes for patients with NUP98-rearranged malignancies, therapeutic strategies have been considered that target transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, cooperating alterations, and signaling or cell-cycle pathways. With the development of more faithful experimental systems and continued study, we anticipate great strides in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities at play in NUP98-rearranged models. Taken together, these studies should lead to improved clinical outcomes for NUP98-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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25
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Duffraisse M, Paul R, Carnesecchi J, Hudry B, Banreti A, Reboulet J, Ajuria L, Lohmann I, Merabet S. Role of a versatile peptide motif controlling Hox nuclear export and autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241943. [PMID: 32878938 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox proteins are major regulators of embryonic development, acting in the nucleus to regulate the expression of their numerous downstream target genes. By analyzing deletion forms of the Drosophila Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), we identified the presence of an unconventional nuclear export signal (NES) that overlaps with a highly conserved motif originally described as mediating the interaction with the PBC proteins, a generic and crucial class of Hox transcriptional cofactors that act in development and cancer. We show that this unconventional NES is involved in the interaction with the major exportin protein CRM1 (also known as Embargoed in flies) in vivo and in vitro We find that this interaction is tightly regulated in the Drosophila fat body to control the autophagy-repressive activity of Ubx during larval development. The role of the PBC interaction motif as part of an unconventional NES was also uncovered in other Drosophila and human Hox proteins, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of this novel function. Together, our results reveal the extreme molecular versatility of a unique short peptide motif for controlling the context-dependent activity of Hox proteins both at transcriptional and non-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Duffraisse
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, 32/34 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Rachel Paul
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, 32/34 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Julie Carnesecchi
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Hudry
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Agnes Banreti
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Jonathan Reboulet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, 32/34 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Leiore Ajuria
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, 32/34 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Lohmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samir Merabet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, 32/34 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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26
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Cho UH, Hetzer MW. Nuclear Periphery Takes Center Stage: The Role of Nuclear Pore Complexes in Cell Identity and Aging. Neuron 2020; 106:899-911. [PMID: 32553207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) has emerged as a key player in genome regulation and cellular homeostasis. New discoveries have revealed that the NPC has multiple cellular functions besides mediating the molecular exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In this review, we discuss non-transport aspects of the NPC focusing on the NPC-genome interaction, the extreme longevity of the NPC proteins, and NPC dysfunction in age-related diseases. The examples summarized herein demonstrate that the NPC, which first evolved to enable the biochemical communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, now doubles as the gatekeeper of cellular identity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae H Cho
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Mendes A, Jühlen R, Bousbata S, Fahrenkrog B. Disclosing the Interactome of Leukemogenic NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 Fusion Proteins Using a Proteomic Approach. Cells 2020; 9:E1666. [PMID: 32664447 PMCID: PMC7407662 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of oncogenes with cellular proteins is a major determinant of cellular transformation. The NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 chimeras result from recurrent chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia. Functionally, the two fusion proteins inhibit nuclear export and interact with epigenetic regulators. The full interactome of NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 is currently unknown. We used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to study the landscape of the NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 environments. Our results suggest that both fusion proteins interact with major regulators of RNA processing, with translation-associated proteins, and that both chimeras perturb the transcriptional program of the tumor suppressor p53. Other cellular processes appear to be distinctively affected by the particular fusion protein. NUP98-HOXA9 likely perturbs Wnt, MAPK, and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, as well as the cytoskeleton, the latter likely due to its interaction with the nuclear export receptor CRM1. Conversely, mitochondrial proteins and metabolic regulators are significantly overrepresented in the SET-NUP214 proximal interactome. Our study provides new clues on the mechanistic actions of nucleoporin fusion proteins and might be of particular relevance in the search for new druggable targets for the treatment of nucleoporin-related leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Ramona Jühlen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
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28
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Lavau CP, Aumann WK, Sze SGK, Gupta V, Ripple K, Port SA, Kehlenbach RH, Wechsler DS. The SQSTM1-NUP214 fusion protein interacts with Crm1, activates Hoxa and Meis1 genes, and drives leukemogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232036. [PMID: 32343715 PMCID: PMC7188244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The NUP98 and NUP214 nucleoporins (NUPs) are recurrently fused to heterologous proteins in leukemia. The resulting chimeric oncoproteins retain the phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat motifs of the NUP moiety that mediate interaction with the nuclear export receptor Crm1. NUP fusion leukemias are characterized by HOXA gene upregulation; however, their molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of Crm1 in mediating the leukemogenic properties of NUP chimeric proteins, we took advantage of the Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-NUP214 fusion. SQSTM1-NUP214 retains only a short C-terminal portion of NUP214 which contains FG motifs that mediate interaction with Crm1. We introduced point mutations targeting these FG motifs and found that the ability of the resulting SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut protein to interact with Crm1 was reduced by more than 50% compared with SQSTM1-NUP214. Mutation of FG motifs affected transforming potential: while SQSTM1-NUP214 impaired myeloid maturation and conferred robust colony formation to transduced hematopoietic progenitors in a serial replating assay, the effect of SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut was considerably diminished. Moreover, SQSTM1-NUP214 caused myeloid leukemia in all transplanted mice, whereas none of the SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut reconstituted mice developed leukemia. These oncogenic effects coincided with the ability of SQSTM1-NUP214 and SQSTM1-NUP214FGmut to upregulate the expression of Hoxa and Meis1 genes in hematopoietic progenitors. Indeed, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that impaired SQSTM1-NUP214 interaction with Crm1 correlated with impaired binding of the fusion protein to Hoxa and Meis1 genes. These findings highlight the importance of Crm1 in mediating the leukemogenic properties of SQSTM1-NUP214, and suggest a conserved role of Crm1 in recruiting oncoproteins to their effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Lavau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Waitman K. Aumann
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sei-Gyung K. Sze
- Maine Children’s Cancer Program, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Veerain Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Ripple
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Port
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ralph H. Kehlenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and the Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Wechsler
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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29
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Oka M, Mura S, Otani M, Miyamoto Y, Nogami J, Maehara K, Harada A, Tachibana T, Yoneda Y, Ohkawa Y. Chromatin-bound CRM1 recruits SET-Nup214 and NPM1c onto HOX clusters causing aberrant HOX expression in leukemia cells. eLife 2019; 8:e46667. [PMID: 31755865 PMCID: PMC6874418 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that CRM1, a major nuclear export factor, accumulates at Hox cluster regions to recruit nucleoporin-fusion protein Nup98HoxA9, resulting in robust activation of Hox genes (Oka et al., 2016). However, whether this phenomenon is general to other leukemogenic proteins remains unknown. Here, we show that two other leukemogenic proteins, nucleoporin-fusion SET-Nup214 and the NPM1 mutant, NPM1c, which contains a nuclear export signal (NES) at its C-terminus and is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia, are recruited to the HOX cluster region via chromatin-bound CRM1, leading to HOX gene activation in human leukemia cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is highly sensitive to a CRM1 inhibitor in leukemia cell line. Together, these findings indicate that CRM1 acts as a key molecule that connects leukemogenic proteins to aberrant HOX gene regulation either via nucleoporin-CRM1 interaction (for SET-Nup214) or NES-CRM1 interaction (for NPM1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport DynamicsNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Sonoko Mura
- Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Mayumi Otani
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport DynamicsNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport DynamicsNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Jumpei Nogami
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)OsakaJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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30
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Kuhn TM, Capelson M. Nuclear Pore Proteins in Regulation of Chromatin State. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111414. [PMID: 31717499 PMCID: PMC6912232 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are canonically known to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. However, research efforts over the last decade have demonstrated that NPCs and their constituent nucleoporins (Nups) also interact with the genome and perform important roles in regulation of gene expression. It has become increasingly clear that many Nups execute these roles specifically through regulation of chromatin state, whether through interactions with histone modifiers and downstream changes in post-translational histone modifications, or through relationships with chromatin-remodeling proteins that can result in physical changes in nucleosome occupancy and chromatin compaction. This review focuses on these findings, highlighting the functional connection between NPCs/Nups and regulation of chromatin structure, and how this connection can manifest in regulation of transcription.
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31
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Nguyen N, Oakley K, Han Y, Kwok M, Crouch G, Du Y. Interaction with XPO1 is essential for SETBP1 to induce myeloid transformation. Leukemia 2019; 33:2758-2762. [PMID: 31337858 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Oakley
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yufen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kwok
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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32
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Mendes A, Fahrenkrog B. NUP214 in Leukemia: It's More than Transport. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010076. [PMID: 30669574 PMCID: PMC6356203 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NUP214 is a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) with a key role in protein and mRNA nuclear export. Chromosomal translocations involving the NUP214 locus are recurrent in acute leukemia and frequently fuse the C-terminal region of NUP214 with SET and DEK, two chromatin remodeling proteins with roles in transcription regulation. SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 fusion proteins disrupt protein nuclear export by inhibition of the nuclear export receptor CRM1, which results in the aberrant accumulation of CRM1 protein cargoes in the nucleus. SET-NUP214 is primarily associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), whereas DEK-NUP214 exclusively results in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), indicating different leukemogenic driver mechanisms. Secondary mutations in leukemic blasts may contribute to the different leukemia outcomes. Additional layers of complexity arise from the respective functions of SET and DEK in transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling, which may drive malignant hematopoietic transformation more towards ALL or AML. Another, less frequent fusion protein involving the C terminus of NUP214 results in the sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-NUP214 chimera, which was detected in ALL. SQSTM1 is a ubiquitin-binding protein required for proper autophagy induction, linking the NUP214 fusion protein to yet another cellular mechanism. The scope of this review is to summarize the general features of NUP214-related leukemia and discuss how distinct chromosomal translocation partners can influence the cellular effects of NUP214 fusion proteins in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium.
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium.
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33
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Cruz-Ramos E, Sandoval-Hernández A, Tecalco-Cruz AC. Differential expression and molecular interactions of chromosome region maintenance 1 and calreticulin exportins in breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:7-16. [PMID: 29981820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM-1) and calreticulin (CALR) are two proteins that act as exportins for some nuclear receptors, in addition to other critical functions for cellular homeostasis. In several cancer types, CRM-1 and CALR are upregulated suggesting an imbalance in their functions. However, the regulation of CRM-1 and CALR, and their biological implications, are not completely known. Here, we evaluated the interplay between the levels of CRM-1 and CALR, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status, in breast cancer cells. CRM-1 and CALR were upregulated in mammary tumors relative to normal mammary tissue. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of CRM-1 and CALR were higher in breast cancer cells lacking ERα, in comparison with those that express ERα. Additionally, both proteins were distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in the two cell types. Importantly, we identified novel interactions for these exportins. First, we showed an interaction between CRM-1 and CALR, and then we identified that SUN1 and SUN2, two proteins localized in the nuclear envelop, were able to interact specifically with CRM-1, but not CALR. Interestingly, SUN1 and SUN2 expression seemed to be decreased in breast cancer, thereby affecting the interactions of these proteins with CRM-1, and possibly its actions as an exportin. Thus, our data suggest that expression levels for CRM-1 and CALR, the interaction between these exportins, and specific interactions of SUN1 and SUN2 with CRM-1 but not CALR, may be central elements in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Furthermore, deregulation of these elements may have serious implications in the progression of breast and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Antonio Sandoval-Hernández
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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34
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Brunetti L, Gundry MC, Sorcini D, Guzman AG, Huang YH, Ramabadran R, Gionfriddo I, Mezzasoma F, Milano F, Nabet B, Buckley DL, Kornblau SM, Lin CY, Sportoletti P, Martelli MP, Falini B, Goodell MA. Mutant NPM1 Maintains the Leukemic State through HOX Expression. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:499-512.e9. [PMID: 30205049 PMCID: PMC6159911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NPM1 is the most frequently mutated gene in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML cells, NPM1 mutations result in abnormal cytoplasmic localization of the mutant protein (NPM1c); however, it is unknown whether NPM1c is required to maintain the leukemic state. Here, we show that loss of NPM1c from the cytoplasm, either through nuclear relocalization or targeted degradation, results in immediate downregulation of homeobox (HOX) genes followed by differentiation. Finally, we show that XPO1 inhibition relocalizes NPM1c to the nucleus, promotes differentiation of AML cells, and prolongs survival of Npm1-mutated leukemic mice. We describe an exquisite dependency of NPM1-mutant AML cells on NPM1c, providing the rationale for the use of nuclear export inhibitors in AML with mutated NPM1.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleophosmin
- Proteolysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael C Gundry
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raghav Ramabadran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilaria Gionfriddo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Mezzasoma
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Milano
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dennis L Buckley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia and Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Sump B, Brickner JH. Nup98 regulation of histone methylation promotes normal gene expression and may drive leukemogenesis. Genes Dev 2018; 31:2201-2203. [PMID: 29284709 PMCID: PMC5769765 DOI: 10.1101/gad.310359.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This Outlook by Sump and Brickner highlights the work of Franks et al., which provides new mechanistic insight into the molecular basis by which Nup98 promotes gene activation in normal hematopoietic cells and how that process is altered by translocations to cause excess expression of developmental genes in leukemia. Nuclear pore proteins (Nups) interact with chromosomes to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure. A new study by Franks and colleagues (pp. 2222–2234) provides new mechanistic insight into the molecular basis by which Nup98 promotes gene activation in normal hematopoietic cells and how that process is altered by translocations to cause excess expression of developmental genes in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Sump
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jason H Brickner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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36
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Franks TM, McCloskey A, Shokirev MN, Benner C, Rathore A, Hetzer MW. Nup98 recruits the Wdr82-Set1A/COMPASS complex to promoters to regulate H3K4 trimethylation in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2017; 31:2222-2234. [PMID: 29269482 PMCID: PMC5769767 DOI: 10.1101/gad.306753.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Franks et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying how Nup98 regulates gene expression. They show that in hematopoietic cells, Nup98 binds predominantly to transcription start sites to recruit the Wdr82–Set1A/COMPASS complex, which is required for deposition of the histone 3 Lys4 trimethyl (H3K4me3)-activating mark, and expression of a Nup98 fusion protein implicated in aggressive AML causes mislocalization of H3K4me3 at aberrant regions and up-regulation of associated genes due to aberrant Wdr82/Set1A activity. Recent studies have shown that a subset of nucleoporins (Nups) can detach from the nuclear pore complex and move into the nuclear interior to regulate transcription. One such dynamic Nup, called Nup98, has been implicated in gene activation in healthy cells and has been shown to drive leukemogenesis when mutated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that in hematopoietic cells, Nup98 binds predominantly to transcription start sites to recruit the Wdr82–Set1A/COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) complex, which is required for deposition of the histone 3 Lys4 trimethyl (H3K4me3)-activating mark. Depletion of Nup98 or Wdr82 abolishes Set1A recruitment to chromatin and subsequently ablates H3K4me3 at adjacent promoters. Furthermore, expression of a Nup98 fusion protein implicated in aggressive AML causes mislocalization of H3K4me3 at abnormal regions and up-regulation of associated genes. Our findings establish a function of Nup98 in hematopoietic gene activation and provide mechanistic insight into which Nup98 leukemic fusion proteins promote AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Franks
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Asako McCloskey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Nikolaievich Shokirev
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Annie Rathore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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37
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Rio-Machin A, Gómez-López G, Muñoz J, Garcia-Martinez F, Maiques-Diaz A, Alvarez S, Salgado RN, Shrestha M, Torres-Ruiz R, Haferlach C, Larráyoz MJ, Calasanz MJ, Fitzgibbon J, Cigudosa JC. The molecular pathogenesis of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2017. [PMID: 28630438 PMCID: PMC5596207 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rio-Machin
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - G Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Garcia-Martinez
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Maiques-Diaz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Alvarez
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - R N Salgado
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Shrestha
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Torres-Ruiz
- Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Haferlach
- MLL, Münchner Leukämielabor, München, Germany
| | - M J Larráyoz
- Servicio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Calasanz
- Servicio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J C Cigudosa
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Sakuma S, D'Angelo MA. The roles of the nuclear pore complex in cellular dysfunction, aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:72-84. [PMID: 28506892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC), the proteins that compose it (nucleoporins), and the nucleocytoplasmic transport that it controls have revealed an unexpected layer to pathogenic disease onset and progression. Recent advances in the study of the regulation of NPC composition and function suggest that the precise control of this structure is necessary to prevent diseases from arising or progressing. Here we discuss the role of nucleoporins in a diverse set of diseases, many of which directly or indirectly increase in occurrence and severity as we age, and often shorten the human lifespan. NPC biology has been shown to play a direct role in these diseases and therefore in the process of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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39
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Pascual-Garcia P, Debo B, Aleman JR, Talamas JA, Lan Y, Nguyen NH, Won KJ, Capelson M. Metazoan Nuclear Pores Provide a Scaffold for Poised Genes and Mediate Induced Enhancer-Promoter Contacts. Mol Cell 2017; 66:63-76.e6. [PMID: 28366641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complex components (Nups) have been implicated in transcriptional regulation, yet what regulatory steps are controlled by metazoan Nups remains unclear. We identified the presence of multiple Nups at promoters, enhancers, and insulators in the Drosophila genome. In line with this binding, we uncovered a functional role for Nup98 in mediating enhancer-promoter looping at ecdysone-inducible genes. These genes were found to be stably associated with nuclear pores before and after activation. Although changing levels of Nup98 disrupted enhancer-promoter contacts, it did not affect ongoing transcription but instead compromised subsequent transcriptional activation or transcriptional memory. In support of the enhancer-looping role, we found Nup98 to gain and retain physical interactions with architectural proteins upon stimulation with ecdysone. Together, our data identify Nups as a class of architectural proteins for enhancers and supports a model in which animal genomes use the nuclear pore as an organizing scaffold for inducible poised genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Pascual-Garcia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Debo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer R Aleman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica A Talamas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nha H Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyoung J Won
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maya Capelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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Xu H, Valerio DG, Eisold ME, Sinha A, Koche RP, Hu W, Chen CW, Chu SH, Brien GL, Park CY, Hsieh JJ, Ernst P, Armstrong SA. NUP98 Fusion Proteins Interact with the NSL and MLL1 Complexes to Drive Leukemogenesis. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:863-878. [PMID: 27889185 PMCID: PMC5501282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98) is fused to a variety of partner genes in multiple hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that NUP98 fusion proteins, including NUP98-HOXA9 (NHA9), NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13), NUP98-NSD1, NUP98-PHF23, and NUP98-TOP1 physically interact with mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) and the non-specific lethal (NSL) histone-modifying complexes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing illustrates that NHA9 and MLL1 co-localize on chromatin and are found associated with Hox gene promoter regions. Furthermore, MLL1 is required for the proliferation of NHA9 cells in vitro and in vivo. Inactivation of MLL1 leads to decreased expression of genes bound by NHA9 and MLL1 and reverses a gene expression signature found in NUP98-rearranged human leukemias. Our data reveal a molecular dependency on MLL1 function in NUP98-fusion-driven leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xu
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daria G Valerio
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meghan E Eisold
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amit Sinha
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard P Koche
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S Haihua Chu
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gerard L Brien
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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41
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Labade AS, Karmodiya K, Sengupta K. HOXA repression is mediated by nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:54. [PMID: 27980680 PMCID: PMC5135769 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nuclear transport of RNA and proteins into and out of the nucleus. Certain nucleoporins have additional functions in chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Nup93 is a scaffold nucleoporin at the nuclear pore complex which is associated with human chromosomes 5, 7 and 16 and with the promoters of the HOXA gene as revealed by ChIP-on-chip studies using tiling microarrays for these chromosomes. However, the functional consequences of the association of Nup93 with HOXA is unknown. Results Here, we examined the association of Nup93 with the HOXA gene cluster and its consequences on HOXA gene expression in diploid colorectal cancer cells (DLD1). Nup93 showed a specific enrichment ~1 Kb upstream of the transcription start site of each of the HOXA1, HOXA3 and HOXA5 promoters, respectively. Furthermore, the association of Nup93 with HOXA was assisted by its interacting partners Nup188 and Nup205. The depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex significantly upregulated HOXA gene expression levels. However, expression levels of a control gene locus (GLCCI1) on human chromosome 7 were unaffected. Three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) analyses revealed that the depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex (but not Nup98) disengages the HOXA gene locus from the nuclear periphery, suggesting a potential role for Nup93 in tethering and repressing the HOXA gene cluster. Consistently, Nup93 knockdown increased active histone marks (H3K9ac), decreased repressive histone marks (H3K27me3) on the HOXA1 promoter and increased transcription elongation marks (H3K36me3) within the HOXA1 gene. Moreover, the combined depletion of Nup93 and CTCF (a known organizer of HOXA gene cluster) but not Nup93 alone, significantly increased GLCCI1 gene expression levels. Taken together, this suggests a novel role for Nup93 and its interactors in repressing the HOXA gene cluster. Conclusions This study reveals that the nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205 mediates the repression of HOXA gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0106-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Labade
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Krishanpal Karmodiya
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
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42
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Port SA, Mendes A, Valkova C, Spillner C, Fahrenkrog B, Kaether C, Kehlenbach RH. The Oncogenic Fusion Proteins SET-Nup214 and Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-Nup214 Form Dynamic Nuclear Bodies and Differentially Affect Nuclear Protein and Poly(A)+ RNA Export. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23068-23083. [PMID: 27613868 PMCID: PMC5087727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic rearrangements are a hallmark of several forms of leukemia and can lead to oncogenic fusion proteins. One example of an affected chromosomal region is the gene coding for Nup214, a nucleoporin that localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). We investigated two such fusion proteins, SET-Nup214 and SQSTM1 (sequestosome)-Nup214, both containing C-terminal portions of Nup214. SET-Nup214 nuclear bodies containing the nuclear export receptor CRM1 were observed in the leukemia cell lines LOUCY and MEGAL. Overexpression of SET-Nup214 in HeLa cells leads to the formation of similar nuclear bodies that recruit CRM1, export cargo proteins, and certain nucleoporins and concomitantly affect nuclear protein and poly(A)+ RNA export. SQSTM1-Nup214, although mostly cytoplasmic, also forms nuclear bodies and inhibits nuclear protein but not poly(A)+ RNA export. The interaction of the fusion proteins with CRM1 is RanGTP-dependent, as shown in co-immunoprecipitation experiments and binding assays. Further analysis revealed that the Nup214 parts mediate the inhibition of nuclear export, whereas the SET or SQSTM1 part determines the localization of the fusion protein and therefore the extent of the effect. SET-Nup214 nuclear bodies are highly mobile structures, which are in equilibrium with the nucleoplasm in interphase and disassemble during mitosis or upon treatment of cells with the CRM1-inhibitor leptomycin B. Strikingly, we found that nucleoporins can be released from nuclear bodies and reintegrated into existing NPC. Our results point to nuclear bodies as a means of preventing the formation of potentially insoluble and harmful protein aggregates that also may serve as storage compartments for nuclear transport factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Port
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and the Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg August University, Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adélia Mendes
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium, and
| | - Christina Valkova
- the Leibniz Institute on Aging,Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Spillner
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and the Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg August University, Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium, and
| | - Christoph Kaether
- the Leibniz Institute on Aging,Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph H Kehlenbach
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and the Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg August University, Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany,
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43
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Asaka MN, Kawaguchi A, Sakai Y, Mori K, Nagata K. Polycomb repressive complex 2 facilitates the nuclear export of the influenza viral genome through the interaction with M1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33608. [PMID: 27646999 PMCID: PMC5028886 DOI: 10.1038/srep33608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of nuclear domains is crucial for biological events including virus infection. Newly synthesized influenza viral genome forms viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes and is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent pathway mediated by viral proteins M1 and NS2. However, the spatio-temporal regulation of the progeny vRNP in the nucleus is still unclear. Here we found that polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which contains a methyltransferase subunit EZH2 and catalyzes histone H3K27me3 for the formation of facultative heterochromatin, is a positive factor for the virus production. Depletion of PRC2 complex showed the nuclear accumulation of vRNP and the reduction of M1-vRNP complex formation. We also found that PRC2 complex directly binds to M1, and facilitates the interaction of M1 with vRNP. In conclusion, we propose that the progeny vRNP could be recruited to facultative heterochromatin and assembled into the export complex mediated by PRC2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu N Asaka
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakai
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Mori
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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