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Harris RJ, Heer M, Levasseur MD, Cartwright TN, Weston B, Mitchell JL, Coxhead JM, Gaughan L, Prendergast L, Rico D, Higgins JMG. Release of Histone H3K4-reading transcription factors from chromosomes in mitosis is independent of adjacent H3 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7243. [PMID: 37945563 PMCID: PMC10636195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications influence the recruitment of reader proteins to chromosomes to regulate events including transcription and cell division. The idea of a histone code, where combinations of modifications specify unique downstream functions, is widely accepted and can be demonstrated in vitro. For example, on synthetic peptides, phosphorylation of Histone H3 at threonine-3 (H3T3ph) prevents the binding of reader proteins that recognize trimethylation of the adjacent lysine-4 (H3K4me3), including the TAF3 component of TFIID. To study these combinatorial effects in cells, we analyzed the genome-wide distribution of H3T3ph and H3K4me2/3 during mitosis. We find that H3T3ph anti-correlates with adjacent H3K4me2/3 in cells, and that the PHD domain of TAF3 can bind H3K4me2/3 in isolated mitotic chromatin despite the presence of H3T3ph. Unlike in vitro, H3K4 readers are still displaced from chromosomes in mitosis in Haspin-depleted cells lacking H3T3ph. H3T3ph is therefore unlikely to be responsible for transcriptional downregulation during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Harris
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Maninder Heer
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Mark D Levasseur
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Tyrell N Cartwright
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Bethany Weston
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Jennifer L Mitchell
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Jonathan M Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Lisa Prendergast
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK
| | - Daniel Rico
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK.
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK.
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK.
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1HH, UK.
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Baral I, Shirude MB, Jothi DL, Mukherjee A, Dutta D. Characterization of a Distinct State in the Continuum of Pluripotency Facilitated by Inhibition of PKCζ in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1098-1115. [PMID: 36781773 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of PKC (PKCi) signaling maintains pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) across different mammalian species. However, the position of PKCi maintained ESCs in the pluripotency continuum is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that mouse ESCs when cultured continuously, with PKCi, for 75 days are retained in naïve state of pluripotency. Gene expression analysis and proteomics studies demonstrated enhanced naïve character of PKCi maintained ESCs in comparison to classical serum/LIF (S/L) supported ESCs. Molecular analysis revealed that activation of PKCζ isoform associate with primed state of pluripotency, present in epiblast-like stem cells generated in vitro while inhibition of PKCζ phosphorylation associated with naïve state of pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. Phosphoproteomics and chromatin modification enzyme array based studies showed loss in DNA methyl transferase 3B (DNMT3B) and its phosphorylation level upon functional inhibition of PKCζ as one of the crucial components of this regulatory pathway. Unlike ground state of pluripotency maintained by MEK/GSK3 inhibitor in addition to LIF (2i/LIF), loss in DNMT3B is a reversible phenomenon in PKCi maintained ESCs. Absence of phosphorylation of c-MYC, RAF1, SPRY4 while presence of ERF, DUSP6, CIC and YAP1 phosphorylation underlined the phosphoproteomics signature of PKCi mediated maintenance of naïve pluripotency. States of pluripotency represent the developmental continuum and the existence of PKCi mediated mouse ESCs in a distinct state in the continuum of pluripotency (DiSCo) might contribute to the establishment of stages of murine embryonic development that were non-permissible till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Baral
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka State, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Mayur Balkrishna Shirude
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka State, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Dhana Lakshmi Jothi
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Ananda Mukherjee
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Regenerative Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
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Tichy ED. Specialized Circuitry of Embryonic Stem Cells Promotes Genomic Integrity. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 27:1-15. [PMID: 36734869 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022042332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) give rise to all cell types of the organism. Given the importance of these cells in this process, ESCs must employ robust mechanisms to protect genomic integrity or risk catastrophic propagation of mutations throughout the organism. Should such an event occur in daughter cells that will eventually contribute to the germline, the overall species health could dramatically decline. This review describes several key mechanisms employed by ESCs that are unique to these cells, in order to maintain their genomic integrity. Additionally, the contributions of cell cycle regulators in modulating ESC differentiation, after DNA damage exposure, are also examined. Where data are available, findings reported in ESCs are extended to include observations described in induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 371 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081
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4
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wei W, Cong Z, Xie Y. High expression of aurora kinase B predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgery and its effects on the tumor microenvironment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1168. [PMID: 36467342 PMCID: PMC9708486 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the only broadly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), has multiple limitations and the need for novel biomarkers is urgent. Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is a key mitotic protein kinase which performs a critical function in cell cycle progression. Nonetheless, neither the function nor the mechanism of AURKB in HCC following curative surgery is fully grasped at this time. This study sought to evaluate the impact of AURKB on prognosis and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in HCC. METHODS We evaluated both the expression profile of AURKB in HCC and its clinical value using online databases and clinical specimens. The prognostic value of AURKB was studied by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the link between AURKB and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were analyzed. RESULTS We found the mRNA expression patterns of AURKB were remarkably upregulated in HCC in contrast with adjoining normal tissues (P<0.001). Upregulation of the AURKB protein in HCC was additionally verified by clinical samples. The expression of AURKB was substantially associated with Child-Pugh, microvascular invasion (MVI), Edmondson-Steiner grade, and tumor recurrence. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with HCC who had a low AURKB expression had a better. Our data suggested age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.34], alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (HR: 1.65), tumor size (HR: 1.99), mor number (HR: 1.60), MVI (HR: 1.93), grade (HR: 5.58), and AURKB expression (HR: 3.63) independently functioned as prognostic risk indicators for HCC (P<0.05). Importantly, we also found AURKB expression was inversely linked to resting natural killer (NK) cells, M2 macrophages, activated mast cells, and naive B cells, and positively linked to M0 macrophages, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), regulatory T cells (Treg), and resting myeloid dendritic cells. In addition, AURKB expression was also positively linked to the immune checkpoints of PDCD1, CD274, CTLA4, and LAG3. Finally, 1,696 DEGs were discovered, and were predominantly implicated in chromosome segregation, cell cycle, xenobiotic metabolic process, calcium signaling pathway, bile secretion, tyrosine metabolism, and DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS AURKB may be a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC after curative surgery, which correlates with MVI and the TIME in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Cong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Soares MAF, Oliveira RA, Castro DS. Function and regulation of transcription factors during mitosis-to-G1 transition. Open Biol 2022; 12:220062. [PMID: 35642493 PMCID: PMC9157305 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, drastic cellular changes characteristic of mitosis result in the inactivation of the transcriptional machinery, and global downregulation of transcription. Sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) have thus been considered mere bystanders, devoid of any regulatory function during mitosis. This view changed significantly in recent years, upon the conclusion that many TFs associate with condensed chromosomes during cell division, even occupying a fraction of their genomic target sites in mitotic chromatin. This finding was at the origin of the concept of mitotic bookmarking by TFs, proposed as a mechanism to propagate gene regulatory information across cell divisions, by facilitating the reactivation of specific bookmarked genes. While the underlying mechanisms and biological significance of this model remain elusive, recent developments in this fast-moving field have cast new light into TF activity during mitosis, beyond a bookmarking role. Here, we start by reviewing the most recent findings on the complex nature of TF-chromatin interactions during mitosis, and on mechanisms that may regulate them. Next, and in light of recent reports describing how transcription is reinitiated in temporally distinct waves during mitosis-to-G1 transition, we explore how TFs may contribute to defining this hierarchical gene expression process. Finally, we discuss how TF activity during mitotic exit may impact the acquisition of cell identity upon cell division, and propose a model that integrates dynamic changes in TF-chromatin interactions during this cell-cycle period, with the execution of cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A. F. Soares
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo S. Castro
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Yu HY, Lee S, Ju H, Kim Y, Shin JH, Yun H, Ryu CM, Heo J, Lim J, Song S, Lee S, Hong KS, Chung HM, Kim JK, Choo MS, Shin DM. Intravital imaging and single cell transcriptomic analysis for engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121277. [PMID: 34861510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment for various intractable disorders including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). However, an analysis of fundamental characteristics driving in vivo behaviors of transplanted cells has not been performed, causing debates about rational use and efficacy of MSC therapy. Here, we implemented two-photon intravital imaging and single cell transcriptome analysis to evaluate the in vivo behaviors of engrafted multipotent MSCs (M-MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an acute IC/BPS animal model. Two-photon imaging analysis was performed to visualize the dynamic association between engrafted M-MSCs and bladder vasculature within live animals until 28 days after transplantation, demonstrating the progressive integration of transplanted M-MSCs into a perivascular-like structure. Single cell transcriptome analysis was performed in highly purified engrafted cells after a dual MACS-FACS sorting procedure and revealed expression changes in various pathways relating to pericyte cell adhesion and cellular stress. Particularly, FOS and cyclin dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) played a key role in modulating the migration, engraftment, and anti-inflammatory functions of M-MSCs, which determined their in vivo therapeutic potency. Collectively, this approach provides an overview of engrafted M-MSC behavior in vivo, which will advance our understanding of MSC therapeutic applications, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Yeul Yu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; ToolGen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HongDuck Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae-Min Ryu
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Fazilaty H, Brügger MD, Valenta T, Szczerba BM, Berkova L, Doumpas N, Hausmann G, Scharl M, Basler K. Tracing colonic embryonic transcriptional profiles and their reactivation upon intestinal damage. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109484. [PMID: 34348153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We lack a holistic understanding of the genetic programs orchestrating embryonic colon morphogenesis and governing damage response in the adult. A window into these programs is the transcriptomes of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations in the colon. Performing unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing mouse colon at different embryonic stages (embryonic day 14.5 [E14.5], E15.5, and E18.5), we capture cellular and molecular profiles of the stages before, during, and after the appearance of crypt structures, as well as in a model of adult colitis. The data suggest most adult lineages are established by E18.5. We find embryonic-specific gene expression profiles and cell populations that reappear in response to tissue damage. Comparison of the datasets from mice and human colitis suggests the processes are conserved. In this study, we provide a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the developing mouse colon and evidence for the reactivation of embryonic genes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbara M Szczerba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Berkova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Soares MAF, Soares DS, Teixeira V, Heskol A, Bressan RB, Pollard SM, Oliveira RA, Castro DS. Hierarchical reactivation of transcription during mitosis-to-G1 transition by Brn2 and Ascl1 in neural stem cells. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1020-1034. [PMID: 34168041 PMCID: PMC8247608 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348174.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, chromatin condensation is accompanied by a global arrest of transcription. Recent studies suggest transcriptional reactivation upon mitotic exit occurs in temporally coordinated waves, but the underlying regulatory principles have yet to be elucidated. In particular, the contribution of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) remains poorly understood. Here we report that Brn2, an important regulator of neural stem cell identity, associates with condensed chromatin throughout cell division, as assessed by live-cell imaging of proliferating neural stem cells. In contrast, the neuronal fate determinant Ascl1 dissociates from mitotic chromosomes. ChIP-seq analysis reveals that Brn2 mitotic chromosome binding does not result in sequence-specific interactions prior to mitotic exit, relying mostly on electrostatic forces. Nevertheless, surveying active transcription using single-molecule RNA-FISH against immature transcripts reveals differential reactivation kinetics for key targets of Brn2 and Ascl1, with transcription onset detected in early (anaphase) versus late (early G1) phases, respectively. Moreover, by using a mitotic-specific dominant-negative approach, we show that competing with Brn2 binding during mitotic exit reduces the transcription of its target gene Nestin Our study shows an important role for differential binding of TFs to mitotic chromosomes, governed by their electrostatic properties, in defining the temporal order of transcriptional reactivation during mitosis-to-G1 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A F Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo S Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Teixeira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Abeer Heskol
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 3 Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes Oct4 Protein in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115584. [PMID: 34070420 PMCID: PMC8197518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is an important mammalian POU family transcription factor expressed by early human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The precise level of Oct4 governs the pluripotency and fate determination of hESCs. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Oct4 including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been reported to regulate its critical functions in hESCs. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of Oct4 should be well balanced to maintain the pluripotency of hESCs. The protein turnover of Oct4 is regulated by several E3 ligases through ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has not been reported for Oct4. In this study, we generated a ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that USP3 acts as a protein stabilizer of Oct4 by deubiquitinating Oct4. USP3 interacts with endogenous Oct4 and co-localizes in the nucleus of hESCs. The depletion of USP3 leads to a decrease in Oct4 protein level and loss of pluripotent morphology in hESCs. Thus, our results show that USP3 plays an important role in controlling optimum protein level of Oct4 to retain pluripotency of hESCs.
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10
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Dai Z, Liu P. High copy number variations, particular transcription factors, and low immunity contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 33985534 PMCID: PMC8117623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death of cancer patients, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the basis of tumor metastasis. However, systematic analysis of the stemness of prostate cancer cells is still not abundant. In this study, we explore the effective factors related to the stemness of prostate cancer cells by comprehensively mining the multi-omics data from TCGA database. Methods Based on the prostate cancer transcriptome data in TCGA, gene expression modules that strongly relate to the stemness of prostate cancer cells are obtained with WGCNA and stemness scores. Copy number variation of stemness genes of prostate cancer is calculated and the difference of transcription factors between prostate cancer and normal tissues is evaluated by using CNV (copy number variation) data and ATAC-seq data. The protein interaction network of stemness genes in prostate cancer is constructed using the STRING database. Meanwhile, the correlation between stemness genes of prostate cancer and immune cells is analyzed. Results Prostate cancer with higher Gleason grade possesses higher cell stemness. The gene set highly related to prostate cancer stemness has higher CNV in prostate cancer samples than that in normal samples. Although the transcription factors of stemness genes have similar expressions, they have different contributions between normal and prostate cancer tissues; and particular transcription factors enhance the stemness of prostate cancer, such as PUM1, CLOCK, SP1, TCF12, and so on. In addition, the lower tumor immune microenvironment is conducive to the stemness of prostate cancer. CD8 + T cells and M1 macrophages may play more important role in the stemness of prostate cancer than other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, EZH2 is found to play a central role in stemness genes and is negatively correlated with resting mast cells and positively correlated with activated memory CD4 + T cells. Conclusions Based on the systematic and combined analysis of multi-omics data, we find that high copy number variation, specific transcription factors, and low immune microenvironment jointly contribute to the stemness of prostate cancer cells. These findings may provide us new clues and directions for the future research on stemness of prostate cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02870-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Sharp JA, Perea-Resa C, Wang W, Blower MD. Cell division requires RNA eviction from condensing chromosomes. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:211450. [PMID: 33053167 PMCID: PMC7549315 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the genome is transformed from a decondensed, transcriptionally active state to a highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive state. Mitotic chromosome reorganization is marked by the general attenuation of transcription on chromosome arms, yet how the cell regulates nuclear and chromatin-associated RNAs after chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown is unknown. SAF-A/hnRNPU is an abundant nuclear protein with RNA-to-DNA tethering activity, coordinated by two spatially distinct nucleic acid–binding domains. Here we show that RNA is evicted from prophase chromosomes through Aurora-B–dependent phosphorylation of the SAF-A DNA-binding domain; failure to execute this pathway leads to accumulation of SAF-A–RNA complexes on mitotic chromosomes, defects in metaphase chromosome alignment, and elevated rates of chromosome missegregation in anaphase. This work reveals a role for Aurora-B in removing chromatin-associated RNAs during prophase and demonstrates that Aurora-B–dependent relocalization of SAF-A during cell division contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Sharp
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Perea-Resa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael D Blower
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Discovery of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Lx8-SINE B2 as a Marker of Pluripotency. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6657597. [PMID: 33628268 PMCID: PMC7884122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are marked by core transcription regulators such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. Another important marker of pluripotency is the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Here, we ind that a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Lx8-SINE B2 is a marker of pluripotency. LncRNA Lx8-SINE B2 is enriched in ESCs and downregulated during ESC differentiation. By rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we identified the full-length sequence of lncRNA Lx8-SINE B2. We further showed that transposable elements at upstream of lncRNA Lx8-SINE B2 could drive the expression of lncRNA Lx8-SINE B2. Furthermore, ESC-specific expression of lncRNA Lx8-SINE B2 was driven by Oct4 and Sox2. In summary, we identified a novel marker lncRNA of ESCs, which is driven by core pluripotency regulators.
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13
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Gonzalez I, Molliex A, Navarro P. Mitotic memories of gene activity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:41-47. [PMID: 33454629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When cells enter mitosis, they undergo series of dramatic changes in their structure and function that severely hamper gene regulatory processes and gene transcription. This raises the question of how daughter cells efficiently recapitulate the gene expression profile of their mother such that cell identity can be preserved. Here, we review recent evidence supporting the view that distinct chromatin-associated mechanisms of gene-regulatory inheritance assist daughter cells in the postmitotic reestablishment of gene activity with increased fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Gonzalez
- Epigenomics, Proliferation and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Molliex
- Epigenomics, Proliferation and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenomics, Proliferation and the Identity of Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France.
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14
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Kim DK, Song B, Han S, Jang H, Bae SH, Kim HY, Lee SH, Lee S, Kim JK, Kim HS, Hong KM, Lee BI, Youn HD, Kim SY, Kang SW, Jang H. Phosphorylation of OCT4 Serine 236 Inhibits Germ Cell Tumor Growth by Inducing Differentiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092601. [PMID: 32932964 PMCID: PMC7565739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) plays an important role in early embryonic development, but is rarely expressed in adults. However, in many cancer cells, this gene is re-expressed, making the cancer malignant. This present study revealed that inhibiting OCT4 transcriptional activity induces cancer cell differentiation and growth retardation. Specifically, when the phosphorylation of OCT4 serine 236 increases by interfering with the binding of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to OCT4, OCT4 loses its transcriptional activity and cancer cells differentiate. Therefore, this study presents the basis for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors that inhibit the binding of OCT4 and PP1 for cancer treatment. Abstract Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) plays an important role in maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is closely related to the malignancies of various cancers. Although posttranslational modifications of Oct4 have been widely studied, most of these have not yet been fully characterized, especially in cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of phosphorylation of serine 236 of OCT4 [OCT4 (S236)] in human germ cell tumors (GCTs). OCT4 was phosphorylated at S236 in a cell cycle-dependent manner in a patient sample and GCT cell lines. The substitution of endogenous OCT4 by a mimic of phosphorylated OCT4 with a serine-to-aspartate mutation at S236 (S236D) resulted in tumor cell differentiation, growth retardation, and inhibition of tumor sphere formation. GCT cells expressing OCT4 S236D instead of endogenous OCT4 were similar to cells with OCT4 depletion at the mRNA transcript level as well as in the phenotype. OCT4 S236D also induced tumor cell differentiation and growth retardation in mouse xenograft experiments. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by chemicals or short hairpin RNAs increased phosphorylation at OCT4 (S236) and resulted in the differentiation of GCTs. These results reveal the role of OCT4 (S236) phosphorylation in GCTs and suggest a new strategy for suppressing OCT4 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Keon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Bomin Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Suji Han
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Hansol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Bae
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Seon-Hyeong Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Han-Seong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10308, Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Man Hong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Byung Il Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Korea;
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (D.K.K.); (B.S.); (S.H.); (H.J.); (S.-H.B.); (H.Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.-M.H.); (B.I.L.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2239
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15
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Strebinger D, Deluz C, Friman ET, Govindan S, Alber AB, Suter DM. Endogenous fluctuations of OCT4 and SOX2 bias pluripotent cell fate decisions. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 15:e9002. [PMID: 31556488 PMCID: PMC6759502 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 and OCT4 are pioneer transcription factors playing a key role in embryonic stem (ES) cell self‐renewal and differentiation. How temporal fluctuations in their expression levels bias lineage commitment is unknown. Here, we generated knock‐in reporter fusion ES cell lines allowing to monitor endogenous SOX2 and OCT4 protein fluctuations in living cells and to determine their impact on mesendodermal and neuroectodermal commitment. We found that small differences in SOX2 and OCT4 levels impact cell fate commitment in G1 but not in S phase. Elevated SOX2 levels modestly increased neuroectodermal commitment and decreased mesendodermal commitment upon directed differentiation. In contrast, elevated OCT4 levels strongly biased ES cells towards both neuroectodermal and mesendodermal fates in undirected differentiation. Using ATAC‐seq on ES cells gated for different endogenous SOX2 and OCT4 levels, we found that high OCT4 levels increased chromatin accessibility at differentiation‐associated enhancers. This suggests that small endogenous fluctuations of pioneer transcription factors can bias cell fate decisions by concentration‐dependent priming of differentiation‐associated enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strebinger
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Deluz
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elias T Friman
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Subashika Govindan
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Alber
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David M Suter
- Sponsored Stem Cells Research Chair (UPSUTER), The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Zhang J, Lin X, Wu L, Huang JJ, Jiang WQ, Kipps TJ, Zhang S. Aurora B induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by stabilizing Snail1 to promote basal-like breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:2550-2567. [PMID: 31996785 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aurora B is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in regulating cell proliferation in distinct cancers, including breast cancer. Here we show that Aurora B expression is elevated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) compared with other breast cancer subtypes. This high level of expression seems to correlate with poor metastasis-free survival and relapse-free survival in affected patients. Mechanistically, we show that elevated Aurora B expression in breast cancer cells activates AKT/GSK3β to stabilize Snail1 protein, a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to EMT induction in a kinase-dependent manner. Conversely, Aurora B knock down by short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) suppresses AKT/GSK3β/Snail1 signaling, reverses EMT and reduces breast cancer metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we identified a specific OCT4 phosphorylation site (T343) responsible for mediating Aurora B-induced AKT/GSK3β/Snail1 signaling and EMT that could be attenuated by Aurora B kinase inhibitor treatment. These findings support that Aurora B induces EMT to promote breast cancer metastasis via OCT4/AKT/GSK3β/Snail1 signaling. Pharmacologic Aurora B inhibition might be a potential effective treatment for breast cancer patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liufeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Medical Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, 9310 Athena Circle, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Suping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, 9310 Athena Circle, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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17
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Bao L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Cao Q, Huang Y, Chen K, Song Z. The Identification of Key Gene Expression Signature and Biological Pathways in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:1712-1726. [PMID: 32194783 PMCID: PMC7052876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), screen the hub genes, associated pathways of metastatic ccRCC and identify potential biomarkers. Methods: The ccRCC metastasis gene expression profile GSE47352 was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DAVID was performed to assess Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules were constructed. The function pathway, prognostic and diagnostic analysis of these hub genes was picked out to estimate their potential effects on metastasis of ccRCC. Results: A total of 873 DEGs were identified (503 upregulated genes and 370 downregulated genes). Meanwhile, top 20 hub genes were displayed. GO analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, positive regulation of DNA replication, protein autophosphorylation, protein tyrosine kinase activity, etc. KEGG analysis indicated these hub genes were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Pathways in cancer, etc. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the hub genes disclosed important biological features of metastatic ccRCC. PPI network showed the interaction of top 20 hub genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that some of the hub genes was associated with metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia cancer and adipogenesis of ccRCC. Some top hub genes were distinctive and new discoveries compared with that of the existing associated researches. Conclusions: Our analysis uncovered that changes in signal pathways such as Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. may be the main signatures of metastatic ccRCC. We identified several candidate biomarkers related with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ccRCC patients. Accordingly, they might be novel therapeutic targets and used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - ChenChen Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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18
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Heo J, Noh B, Lee S, Lee H, Kim Y, Lim J, Ju H, Yu HY, Ryu C, Lee PCW, Jeong H, Oh Y, Kim K, Kim S, Son J, Hong B, Kim JS, Cho YM, Shin D. Phosphorylation of TFCP2L1 by CDK1 is required for stem cell pluripotency and bladder carcinogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10880. [PMID: 31709755 PMCID: PMC6949511 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular programs involved in embryogenesis are frequently upregulated in oncogenic dedifferentiation and metastasis. However, their precise roles and regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed that CDK1 phosphorylation of TFCP2L1, a pluripotency-associated transcription factor, orchestrated pluripotency and cell-cycling in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and was aberrantly activated in aggressive bladder cancers (BCs). In murine ESCs, the protein interactome and transcription targets of Tfcp2l1 indicated its involvement in cell cycle regulation. Tfcp2l1 was phosphorylated at Thr177 by Cdk1, which affected ESC cell cycle progression, pluripotency, and differentiation. The CDK1-TFCP2L1 pathway was activated in human BC cells, stimulating their proliferation, self-renewal, and invasion. Lack of TFCP2L1 phosphorylation impaired the tumorigenic potency of BC cells in a xenograft model. In patients with BC, high co-expression of TFCP2L1 and CDK1 was associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics including tumor grade, lymphovascular and muscularis propria invasion, and distant metastasis and was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. These findings demonstrate the molecular and clinical significance of CDK1-mediated TFCP2L1 phosphorylation in stem cell pluripotency and in the tumorigenic stemness features associated with BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Byeong‐Joo Noh
- Department of PathologyGangneung Asan HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineGangneungKorea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hye‐Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - YongHwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hwan Yeul Yu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Chae‐Min Ryu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Peter CW Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hwangkyo Jeong
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sang‐Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Bumsik Hong
- Department of UrologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jong Soo Kim
- Department of Stem Cell BiologySchool of MedicineKonkuk UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Dong‐Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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19
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Kim YC, Lee SE, Kim SK, Jang HD, Hwang I, Jin S, Hong EB, Jang KS, Kim HS. Toll-like receptor mediated inflammation requires FASN-dependent MYD88 palmitoylation. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:907-916. [PMID: 31427815 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MYD88) signaling aggravates sepsis by impairing neutrophil migration to infection sites. However, the role of intracellular fatty acids in TLR/MYD88 signaling is unclear. Here, inhibition of fatty acid synthase by C75 improved neutrophil chemotaxis and increased the survival of mice with sepsis in cecal ligation puncture and lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock models. C75 specifically blocked TLR/MYD88 signaling in neutrophils. Treatment with GSK2194069 that targets a different domain of fatty acid synthase, did not block TLR signaling or MYD88 palmitoylation. De novo fatty acid synthesis and CD36-mediated exogenous fatty acid incorporation contributed to MYD88 palmitoylation. The binding of IRAK4 to the MYD88 intermediate domain and downstream signal activation required MYD88 palmitoylation at cysteine 113. MYD88 was palmitoylated by ZDHHC6, and ZDHHC6 knockdown decreased MYD88 palmitoylation and TLR/MYD88 activation upon lipopolysaccharide stimulus. Thus, intracellular saturated fatty acid-dependent palmitoylation of MYD88 by ZDHHC6 is a therapeutic target of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somi K Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Duk Jang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Hong
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,World Class University Program, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Kim HJ, Shin J, Lee S, Kim TW, Jang H, Suh MY, Kim JH, Hwang IY, Hwang DS, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity coordinates the chromatin associated state of Oct4 during cell cycle in embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6544-6560. [PMID: 29901724 PMCID: PMC6061841 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is indispensable for embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance and embryo development. Even though some reports have described a connection between Cdk1 and Oct4, there is no evidence that Cdk1 activity is directly linked to the ESC pluripotency transcription program. We recently reported that Aurkb/PP1-mediated Oct4 resetting is important to cell cycle maintenance and pluripotency in mouse ESCs (mESCs). In this study, we show that Cdk1 is an upstream regulator of the Oct4 phosphorylation state during cell cycle progression, and it coordinates the chromatin associated state of Oct4 for pluripotency-related gene expression within the cell cycle. Upon entry into mitosis, Aurkb in the chromosome passenger complex becomes fully activated and PP1 activity is inhibited downstream of Cdk1 activation, leading to sustaining Oct4(S229) phosphorylation and dissociation of Oct4 from chromatin during the mitotic phase. Cdk1 inhibition at the mitotic phase abnormally results in Oct4 dephosphorylation, chromosome decondensation and chromatin association of Oct4, even in replicated chromosome. Our study results suggest a molecular mechanism by which Cdk1 directly links the cell cycle to the pluripotency transcription program in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Suh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Su Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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21
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Protein Kinases and Their Inhibitors in Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate Regulation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1569740. [PMID: 31428157 PMCID: PMC6681599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1569740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases modulate the reversible postmodifications of substrate proteins to their phosphorylated forms as an essential process in regulating intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Moreover, phosphorylation has recently been shown to tightly control the regulatory network of kinases responsible for the induction and maintenance of pluripotency, defined as the particular ability to differentiate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into every cell type in the adult body. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that the balance between the self-renewal and differentiation of PSCs is regulated by the small molecules that modulate kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, new reprogramming technologies have been developed using kinase modulators, which have provided novel insight of the mechanisms underlying the kinase regulatory networks involved in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we highlight the recent progress made in defining the roles of protein kinase signaling pathways and their small molecule modulators in regulating the pluripotent states, self-renewal, reprogramming process, and lineage differentiation of PSCs.
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22
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Role of OCT4 in cancer stem-like cells and chemotherapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165432. [PMID: 30904611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contribute to the tumorigenicity, progression, and chemoresistance of cancers. It is not known whether CSCs arise from normal stem cells or if they arise from differentiated cancer cells by acquiring self-renewal features. These CSCs share stem cell markers that normal stem cells express. There is a rising interest in octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), one of the stem cell factors that are essential in embryogenesis and pluripotency. OCT4 is also overexpressed in CSCs of various cancers. Although the majority of the studies in CSCs reported a positive association between the expression of OCT4 and chemoresistance and an inverse correlation between OCT4 and clinical prognosis, there are studies rebuking these findings, possibly due to the sparsity of stem cells within tumors and the heterogeneity of tumors. In addition, post-translational modification of OCT4 affects its activity and warrants further investigation for its association with chemoresistance and prognosis.
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23
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Festuccia N, Owens N, Papadopoulou T, Gonzalez I, Tachtsidi A, Vandoermel-Pournin S, Gallego E, Gutierrez N, Dubois A, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Navarro P. Transcription factor activity and nucleosome organization in mitosis. Genome Res 2019; 29:250-260. [PMID: 30655337 PMCID: PMC6360816 DOI: 10.1101/gr.243048.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic bookmarking transcription factors (BFs) maintain the capacity to bind to their targets during mitosis, despite major rearrangements of the chromatin. While they were thought to propagate gene regulatory information through mitosis by statically occupying their DNA targets, it has recently become clear that BFs are highly dynamic in mitotic cells. This represents both a technical and a conceptual challenge to study and understand the function of BFs: First, formaldehyde has been suggested to be unable to efficiently capture these transient interactions, leading to profound contradictions in the literature; and second, if BFs are not permanently bound to their targets during mitosis, it becomes unclear how they convey regulatory information to daughter cells. Here, comparing formaldehyde to alternative fixatives we clarify the nature of the chromosomal association of previously proposed BFs in embryonic stem cells: While ESRRB can be considered as a canonical BF that binds at selected regulatory regions in mitosis, SOX2 and POU5F1 (also known as OCT4) establish DNA sequence-independent interactions with the mitotic chromosomes, either throughout the chromosomal arms (SOX2) or at pericentromeric regions (POU5F1). Moreover, we show that ordered nucleosomal arrays are retained during mitosis at ESRRB bookmarked sites, whereas regions losing transcription factor binding display a profound loss of order. By maintaining nucleosome positioning during mitosis, ESRRB might ensure the rapid post-mitotic re-establishment of functional regulatory complexes at selected enhancers and promoters. Our results provide a mechanistic framework that reconciles dynamic mitotic binding with the transmission of gene regulatory information across cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Festuccia
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Nick Owens
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Thaleia Papadopoulou
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Alexandra Tachtsidi
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandoermel-Pournin
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elena Gallego
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Nancy Gutierrez
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Agnès Dubois
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer
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24
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Ding L, Yang L, He Y, Zhu B, Ren F, Fan X, Wang Y, Li M, Li J, Kuang Y, Liu S, Zhai W, Ma D, Ju Y, Liu Q, Jia B, Sheng J, Chang Z. CREPT/RPRD1B associates with Aurora B to regulate Cyclin B1 expression for accelerating the G2/M transition in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1172. [PMID: 30518842 PMCID: PMC6281615 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, like most of other cancers, has an uncontrolled cell cycle regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In this study, we reported that gastric cancer cells showed an accelerated G2/M transition promoted by CREPT/RPRD1B and Aurora kinase B (Aurora B). We found that CREPT/RPRD1B and Aurora B were coordinately expressed during the cell cycle in gastric cancer cells. Deletion of CREPT/RPRD1B disturbed the cell progression and extended the length of cell cycle, leading to a significant accumulation of mitotic cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that CREPT/RPRD1B interacted with Aurora B to regulate the expression of Cyclin B1 in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, Aurora B phosphorylates S145 in a well-conserved motif of CREPT/RPRD1B. We proposed that phosphorylation of CREPT/RPRD1B by Aurora B is required for promoting the transcription of Cyclin B1, which is critical for the regulation of gastric tumorigenesis. Our study provides a mechanism by which gastric tumor cells maintain their high proliferation rate via coordination of Aurora B and CREPT/RPRD1B on the expression of Cyclin B1. Targeting the interaction of Aurora B and CREPT/RPRD1B might be a strategy for anti-gastric cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bingtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuanzi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanshen Kuang
- Department of General Surgery/Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanfang Ju
- Department of General Surgery/Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Cancer Center, State Key Lab of Cancer in South China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Baoqing Jia
- Department of General Surgery/Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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25
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Song B, Kim DK, Shin J, Bae SH, Kim HY, Won B, Kim JK, Youn HD, Kim ST, Kang SW, Jang H. OCT4 directly regulates stemness and extracellular matrix-related genes in human germ cell tumours. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1980-1986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Gil RS, Vagnarelli P. Protein phosphatases in chromatin structure and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:90-101. [PMID: 30036566 PMCID: PMC6227384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin structure and dynamics are highly controlled and regulated processes that play an essential role in many aspects of cell biology. The chromatin transition stages and the factors that control this process are regulated by post-translation modifications, including phosphorylation. While the role of protein kinases in chromatin dynamics has been quite well studied, the nature and regulation of the counteracting phosphatases represent an emerging field but are still at their infancy. In this review we summarize the current literature on phosphatases involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and dynamics, with emphases on the major knowledge gaps that should require attention and more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sales Gil
- Colleges of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- Colleges of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK.
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27
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Tang X, Zhao Y, Buchon N, Engström Y. The POU/Oct Transcription Factor Nubbin Controls the Balance of Intestinal Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation by Isoform-Specific Regulation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1565-1578. [PMID: 29681543 PMCID: PMC5995344 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila POU/Oct transcription factors are required for many developmental processes, but their putative regulation of adult stem cell activity has not been investigated. Here, we show that Nubbin (Nub)/Pdm1, homologous to mammalian OCT1/POU2F1 and related to OCT4/POU5F1, is expressed in gut epithelium progenitor cells. We demonstrate that the nub-encoded protein isoforms, Nub-PB and Nub-PD, play opposite roles in the regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) maintenance and differentiation. Depletion of Nub-PB in progenitor cells increased ISC proliferation by derepression of escargot expression. Conversely, loss of Nub-PD reduced ISC proliferation, suggesting that this isoform is necessary for ISC maintenance, analogous to mammalian OCT4/POU5F1 functions. Furthermore, Nub-PB is required in enteroblasts to promote differentiation, and it acts as a tumor suppressor of Notch RNAi-driven hyperplasia. We suggest that a dynamic and well-tuned expression of Nub isoforms in progenitor cells is required for maintaining gut epithelium homeostasis. Drosophila nubbin (nub) is expressed in adult midgut progenitor cells The Nub-PB isoform drives differentiation and acts as a tumor suppressor The Nub-PD isoform maintains intestinal stem cell proliferation Nub-PD and Nub-PB regulate stem cell proliferation antagonistically
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongzhuo Tang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Yunpo Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ylva Engström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
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28
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Baryshev M, Inashkina I, Salmina K, Huna A, Jackson TR, Erenpreisa J. DNA methylation of the Oct4A enhancers in embryonal carcinoma cells after etoposide treatment is associated with alternative splicing and altered pluripotency in reversibly senescent cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:362-366. [PMID: 29372665 PMCID: PMC5914730 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1426412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in cancer cells resulting from drug-induced reversible senescence are poorly understood. Chemoresistant ESC-like embryonal carcinoma PA1 cells treated with etoposide (ETO) were previously found to undergo prolonged G2 arrest with transient p53-dependent upregulation of opposing fate regulators, p21CIP1 (senescence) and OCT4A (self-renewal). Here we report on the analysis of the DNA methylation state of the distal enhancer (DE) and proximal enhancer (PE) of the Oct4A gene during this dual response. When compared to non-treated controls the methylation level increased from 1.3% to 12.5% and from 3% to 19.4%, in the DE and PE respectively. It included CpG and non-CpG methylation, which was not chaotic but presented two patterns in each enhancer. Discorrelating with methylation of enhancers, the transcription of Oct4A increased, however, a strong expression of the splicing form Oct4B was also induced, along with down-regulation of the Oct4A partners of in the pluripotency/self-renewal network Sox2 and Lin28. WB demonstrated disjoining of the OCT4A protein from the chromatin-bound fraction. In survival clones, methylation of the DE was considerably erased, while some remnant of methylation of the PE was still observed. The alternative splicing for Oct4B was reduced, Oct4A level insignificantly decreased, while the expression of Sox2 and Lin28 recovered, all three became proportionally above the control. These findings indicate the involvement of the transient patterned methylation of the Oct4A enhancers and alternative splicing in the adaptive regulation of cell fate choice during the p53-dependant dual state of reversible senescence in ESC-like cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Baryshev
- a August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University , Ratsupites 5, LV-1067 Riga , Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- b Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre , Ratsupites 1, Riga LV-1067 , Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- b Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre , Ratsupites 1, Riga LV-1067 , Latvia
| | - Anda Huna
- b Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre , Ratsupites 1, Riga LV-1067 , Latvia
| | - Thomas R Jackson
- c Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9WL , UK
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29
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Liu Y, Pelham-Webb B, Di Giammartino DC, Li J, Kim D, Kita K, Saiz N, Garg V, Doane A, Giannakakou P, Hadjantonakis AK, Elemento O, Apostolou E. Widespread Mitotic Bookmarking by Histone Marks and Transcription Factors in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1283-1293. [PMID: 28514649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, transcription is halted and many chromatin features are lost, posing a challenge for the continuity of cell identity, particularly in fast cycling stem cells, which constantly balance self-renewal with differentiation. Here we show that, in pluripotent stem cells, certain histone marks and stem cell regulators remain associated with specific genomic regions of mitotic chromatin, a phenomenon known as mitotic bookmarking. Enhancers of stem cell-related genes are bookmarked by both H3K27ac and the master regulators OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4, while promoters of housekeeping genes retain high levels of mitotic H3K27ac in a cell-type invariant manner. Temporal degradation of OCT4 during mitotic exit compromises its ability both to maintain and induce pluripotency, suggesting that its regulatory function partly depends on its bookmarking activity. Together, our data document a widespread yet specific bookmarking by histone modifications and transcription factors promoting faithful and efficient propagation of stemness after cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Liu
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bobbie Pelham-Webb
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dafne Campigli Di Giammartino
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daleum Kim
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Kita
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nestor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidur Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashley Doane
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Paraskevi Giannakakou
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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30
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Lee J, Kim MS, Park SH, Jang YK. Tousled-like kinase 1 is a negative regulator of core transcription factors in murine embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:334. [PMID: 29321513 PMCID: PMC5762884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the differentiation of pluripotent cells in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is often associated with protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways and Tousled-like kinase 1 (Tlk1) is required for development in several species, the role of Tlk1 in ESC function remains unclear. Here, we used mouse ESCs to study the function of Tlk1 in pluripotent cells. The knockdown (KD)-based Tlk1-deficient cells showed that Tlk1 is not essential for ESC self-renewal in an undifferentiated state. However, Tlk1-KD cells formed irregularly shaped embryoid bodies and induced resistance to differentiation cues, indicating their failure to differentiate into an embryoid body. Consistent with their failure to differentiate, Tlk1-KD cells failed to downregulate the expression of undifferentiated cell markers including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 during differentiation, suggesting a negative role of Tlk1. Interestingly, Tlk1 overexpression sufficiently downregulated the expression of core pluripotency factors possibly irrespective of its kinase activity, thereby leading to a partial loss of self-renewal ability even in an undifferentiated state. Moreover, Tlk1 overexpression caused severe growth defects and G2/M phase arrest as well as apoptosis. Collectively, our data suggest that Tlk1 negatively regulates the expression of pluripotency factors, thereby contributing to the scheduled differentiation of mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Initiative for Biological Function and Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Initiative for Biological Function and Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyung Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Initiative for Biological Function and Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun Kyu Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Initiative for Biological Function and Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Festuccia N, Gonzalez I, Owens N, Navarro P. Mitotic bookmarking in development and stem cells. Development 2017; 144:3633-3645. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.146522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The changes imposed on the nucleus, chromatin and its regulators during mitosis lead to the dismantlement of most gene regulatory processes. However, an increasing number of transcriptional regulators are being identified as capable of binding their genomic targets during mitosis. These so-called ‘mitotic bookmarking factors’ encompass transcription factors and chromatin modifiers that are believed to convey gene regulatory information from mother to daughter cells. In this Primer, we review mitotic bookmarking processes in development and stem cells and discuss the interest and potential importance of this concept with regard to epigenetic regulation and cell fate transitions involving cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Festuccia
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nick Owens
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Protein Kinases in Pluripotency—Beyond the Usual Suspects. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1504-1520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li W, Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ming J, Xie W, Na J. Differential regulation of H3S10 phosphorylation, mitosis progression and cell fate by Aurora Kinase B and C in mouse preimplantation embryos. Protein Cell 2017; 8:662-674. [PMID: 28434146 PMCID: PMC5563281 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell division and cell fate is crucial for the successful development of mammalian early embryos. Aurora kinases are evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases and key regulators of mitosis. Aurora kinase B (AurkB) is ubiquitously expressed while Aurora kinase C (AurkC) is specifically expressed in gametes and preimplantation embryos. We found that increasing AurkC level in one blastomere of the 2-cell embryo accelerated cell division and decreasing AurkC level slowed down mitosis. Changing AurkB level had the opposite effect. The kinase domains of AurkB and AurkC were responsible for their different ability to phosphorylate Histone H3 Serine 10 (H3S10P) and regulate metaphase timing. Using an Oct4-photoactivatable GFP fusion protein (Oct4-paGFP) and fluorescence decay after photoactivation assay, we found that AurkB overexpression reduced Oct4 retention in the nucleus. Finally, we show that blastomeres with higher AurkC level elevated pluripotency gene expression, which were inclined to enter the inner cell mass lineage and subsequently contributed to the embryo proper. Collectively, our results are the first demonstration that the activity of mitotic kinases can influence cell fate decisions in mammalian preimplantation embryos and have important implications to assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peizhe Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Ming
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Disruptions in asymmetric centrosome inheritance and WDR62-Aurora kinase B interactions in primary microcephaly. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43708. [PMID: 28272472 PMCID: PMC5341122 DOI: 10.1038/srep43708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in WD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) cause microcephaly and a wide spectrum of severe brain malformations. Disruption of the mouse ortholog results in microcephaly underlain by reduced proliferation of neocortical progenitors during late neurogenesis, abnormalities in asymmetric centrosome inheritance leading to neuronal migration delays, and altered neuronal differentiation. Spindle pole localization of WDR62 and mitotic progression are defective in patient-derived fibroblasts, which, similar to mouse neocortical progenitors, transiently arrest at prometaphase. Expression of WDR62 is closely correlated with components of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC), a key regulator of mitosis. Wild type WDR62, but not disease-associated mutant forms, interacts with the CPC core enzyme Aurora kinase B and staining of CPC components at centromeres is altered in patient-derived fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate critical and diverse functions of WDR62 in neocortical development and provide insight into the mechanisms by which its disruption leads to a plethora of structural abnormalities.
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Festuccia N, Gonzalez I, Navarro P. The Epigenetic Paradox of Pluripotent ES Cells. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:1476-1503. [PMID: 27988225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The propagation and maintenance of gene expression programs are at the foundation of the preservation of cell identity. A large and complex set of epigenetic mechanisms enables the long-term stability and inheritance of transcription states. A key property of authentic epigenetic regulation is being independent from the instructive signals used for its establishment. This makes epigenetic regulation, particularly epigenetic silencing, extremely robust and powerful to lock regulatory states and stabilise cell identity. In line with this, the establishment of epigenetic silencing during development restricts cell potency and maintains the cell fate choices made by transcription factors (TFs). However, how more immature cells that have not yet established their definitive fate maintain their transitory identity without compromising their responsiveness to signalling cues remains unclear. A paradigmatic example is provided by pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from a transient population of cells of the blastocyst. Here, we argue that ES cells represent an interesting "epigenetic paradox": even though they are captured in a self-renewing state characterised by extremely efficient maintenance of their identity, which is a typical manifestation of robust epigenetic regulation, they seem not to heavily rely on classical epigenetic mechanisms. Indeed, self-renewal strictly depends on the TFs that previously instructed their undifferentiated identity and relies on a particular signalling-dependent chromatin state where repressive chromatin marks play minor roles. Although this "epigenetic paradox" may underlie their exquisite responsiveness to developmental cues, it suggests that alternative mechanisms to faithfully propagate gene regulatory states might be prevalent in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Festuccia
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Inma Gonzalez
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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