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Chen C, Hu H, Li Z, Qi M, Qiu Y, Hu Z, Feng F, Tang W, Diao H, Sun W, Tang Z. Dietary tryptophan improves growth and intestinal health by promoting the secretion of intestinal β-defensins against enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 in weaned piglets. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109637. [PMID: 38574828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Adequate dietary L-tryptophan (Trp) governs intestinal homeostasis in piglets. However, the defensive role of Trp in the diet against enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 (K88) in pigs is still poorly understood. Here, sixty (6.15 ± 1.52 kg, 24-day-old, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets were used for an E. coli F4 attack test in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The growth (ADG, ADFI, GH), immune factors (IL-10, IgA, IgG, IgM), Trp metabolite 5-HT, intestinal morphology (jejunal and colonic VH), mRNA expression of β-defensins (jejunal BD-127, BD-119, ileal BD-1, BD-127), and abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the colon (Prevotella 9, Lactobacillus, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium) were higher in the piglets in the HT (High Trp) and HTK (High Trp, K88) groups than in the LT (Low Trp) and LTK (Low Trp, K88) groups (P < 0.05), while FCR, diarrhea rate, diarrhea index, serum Trp, Kyn, IDO, D-LA, ET, and abundance of harmful microorganisms in the colon (Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria, Prevotella, Christensenellaceae R7) were lower in the HT and HTK groups than in the LT and LTK groups (P < 0.05). High Trp reduced the expression of virulence genes (K88 and LT) after E. coli F4 attack (P < 0.05). The IL-6, TNF-α was lower in the HTK group than in the LT, LTK group (P < 0.05). In short, a diet containing 0.35% Trp protected piglets from enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 (K88) via Trp metabolism promoting BD expression in the intestinal mucosa, which improved growth and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Qi
- Yunnan Animal Husbandry Station, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhijin Hu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Mouradov D, Greenfield P, Li S, In EJ, Storey C, Sakthianandeswaren A, Georgeson P, Buchanan DD, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Skinner I, Jones IT, Gibbs P, Ma C, Liew YJ, Fung KYC, Sieber OM. Oncomicrobial Community Profiling Identifies Clinicomolecular and Prognostic Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:104-120. [PMID: 36933623 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, microbiota-based stratification of CRC tissue and how this relates to clinicomolecular characteristics and prognosis remains to be clarified. METHODS Tumor and normal mucosa from 423 patients with stage I to IV CRC were profiled by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Tumors were characterized for microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), APC, BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, and TP53 mutations, subsets for chromosome instability (CIN), mutation signatures, and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Microbial clusters were validated in an independent cohort of 293 stage II/III tumors. RESULTS Tumors reproducibly stratified into 3 oncomicrobial community subtypes (OCSs) with distinguishing features: OCS1 (Fusobacterium/oral pathogens, proteolytic, 21%), right-sided, high-grade, MSI-high, CIMP-positive, CMS1, BRAF V600E, and FBXW7 mutated; OCS2 (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, saccharolytic, 44%), and OCS3 (Escherichia/Pseudescherichia/Shigella, fatty acid β-oxidation, 35%) both left-sided and exhibiting CIN. OCS1 was associated with MSI-related mutation signatures (SBS15, SBS20, ID2, and ID7) and OCS2 and OCS3 with SBS18 related to damage by reactive oxygen species. Among stage II/III patients, OCS1 and OCS3 both had poorer overall survival compared with OCS2 for microsatellite stable tumors (multivariate hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.99; P = .012; and HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.01-2.29; P = .044, respectively) and left-sided tumors (multivariate HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.45-4.86; P = .002; and HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-3.02; P = .039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS OCS classification stratified CRCs into 3 distinct subgroups with different clinicomolecular features and outcomes. Our findings provide a framework for a microbiota-based stratification of CRC to refine prognostication and to inform the development of microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Greenfield
- Energy Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Lindfield, New South Wales, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eun-Jung In
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Storey
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Center for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Center for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iain Skinner
- Department of Surgery, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian T Jones
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Jin Liew
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Y C Fung
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Spaander MCW, Zauber AG, Syngal S, Blaser MJ, Sung JJ, You YN, Kuipers EJ. Young-onset colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 37105987 PMCID: PMC10589420 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people under the age of 50 years has increased, which is referred to as early-onset CRC or young-onset CRC (YO-CRC). YO-CRC is expected to account for 11% of colon cancers and 23% of rectal cancers by 2030. This trend is observed in different parts of the world and in both men and women. In 20% of patients with YO-CRC, a hereditary cancer syndrome is found as the underlying cause; however, in the majority of patients no genetic predisposition is present. Beginning in the 1950s, major changes in lifestyle such as antibiotic use, low physical activity and obesity have affected the gut microbiome and may be an important factor in YO-CRC development. Owing to a lack of screening, patients with YO-CRC are often diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Long-term treatment-related complications should be taken into account in these younger patients, making the more traditional sequential approaches of drug therapy not always the most appropriate option. To better understand the underlying mechanism and define relationships between environmental factors and YO-CRC development, long-term prospective studies are needed with lifestyle data collected from childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ann G Zauber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph J Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Nancy You
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Sun X, Sun P, Sui Y, Tan C, Chen Y. Prognostic model based on six feature genes of intestinal flora subtypes predicts survival in colon cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2126898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of IVD Medical Marketing, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Canliang Tan
- Departmemt of General Surgery, the Third Affilliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Cao C, Fan B, Zhu J, Zhu N, Cao JY, Yang DR. Association of Gut Microbiota and Biochemical Features in a Chinese Population With Renal Uric Acid Stone. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888883. [PMID: 35662733 PMCID: PMC9160931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that patients with nephrolithiasis exhibit dysbiosis in their gut microbiota, but those studies were conducted in calcium oxalate stone patients. We aimed to explore the association of gut microbiota and biochemical features of renal uric acid stone (UAS) patients in a Chinese population and identify the related bacteria that may affect the pathopoiesis of UAS. A case-control study of 117 patients with UAS, 123 patients with gout, and 135 healthy controls were included from January 2014 to October 2020. For each subject, data on demographics, biochemical parameters of blood and urine were analyzed. Fifteen patients with gout, 16 patients with UAS, 17 UAS patients with gout, and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled and provided fecal samples. The characteristics of gut microbiota were explored by using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and analyzed by using a combination of software mother and R. Hyperuricemia was the main risk factor for the development of gout and UAS. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and aciduria were unique risk factors for UAS patients. The richness, diversity, and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels of gut microbiota in UAS patients were significantly distinct from other subjects. Abundance of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium was significantly positively correlated with the serum uric acid (UA) level of UAS patients. Fusobacteria was involved in the metabolism and degradation of certain short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars in pathopoiesis of UAS, and inhibited their synthesis pathways. Fusobacteria may be related to the pathogenesis of UAS, and this finding contributes to the personalized treatment of UAS from the perspective of maintaining micro-ecological equilibrium in gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Urology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Rong Yang, ; Jin Zhu,
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong-Rong Yang, ; Jin Zhu,
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6
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Lin X, Zhen Z, Yi F, Guan H, Shi Q, Sun W, Yang A, Dong X, Wang J. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Alterations of Gut Microbiota. Front Neurol 2022; 13:832599. [PMID: 35493823 PMCID: PMC9051076 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.832599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human gut dysbiosis has been implicated with the onset of many neurodegenerative disorders. However, the current data focused on the gut microbiota of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are still lacking. In our study, we explored the gut microbiota alteration in patients with CJD. Method We performed 16S ribosomal RNA MiSeq sequencing in stool samples of patients with CJD and controls. Functional analysis of the gut microbiota between these two groups was based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2. Clinical rating scales were used to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment and gut microbiota alteration. Result We identified a significant alteration in both the structure and the richness of the CJD group. Function analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of patients with CJD enriched in immune signaling molecule interactions and xenobiotics biodegradation. MoCA and survival times were found to be associated with gut microbiota in patients with CJD. Conclusion We demonstrated an altered gut microbiota in patients with CJD, which was associated with the cognitive impairment and the survival time of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Neurology, Lishilu Outpatient, Central Medical Branch of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anchao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Brim H, Taylor J, Abbas M, Vilmenay K, Daremipouran M, Varma S, Lee E, Pace B, Song-Naba WL, Gupta K, Nekhai S, O’Neil P, Ashktorab H. The gut microbiome in sickle cell disease: Characterization and potential implications. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255956. [PMID: 34432825 PMCID: PMC8386827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that leads to hemolytic anemia, pain, organ damage and early mortality. It is characterized by polymerized deoxygenated hemoglobin, rigid sickle red blood cells and vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). Recurrent hypoxia-reperfusion injury in the gut of SCD patients could increase tissue injury, permeability, and bacterial translocation. In this context, the gut microbiome, a major player in health and disease, might have significant impact. This study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in SCD. METHODS Stool and saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 14) and SCD subjects (n = 14). Stool samples were also collected from humanized SCD murine models including Berk, Townes and corresponding control mice. Amplified 16S rDNA was used for bacterial composition analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Pairwise group analyses established differential bacterial groups at many taxonomy levels. Bacterial group abundance and differentials were established using DeSeq software. RESULTS A major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was lower in these patients. The following bacterial families were more abundant in SCD patients: Acetobacteraceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Clostridiales, Bacteroidacbactereae and Fusobacteriaceae. This dysbiosis translated into 420 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Townes SCD mice also displayed gut microbiome dysbiosis as seen in human SCD. CONCLUSION A major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients for bacteria that are known strong pro-inflammatory triggers. The Townes mouse showed dysbiosis as well and might serve as a good model to study gut microbiome modulation and its impact on SCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - James Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Vilmenay
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Daremipouran
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Hithru Analytics, Laurel, MD, United States of America
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Betty Pace
- University of Augusta, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Waogwende L. Song-Naba
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, United States of America
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Patricia O’Neil
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Microbiology and Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
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8
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Fathi M, Pustokhina I, Kuznetsov SV, Khayrullin M, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Karpisheh V, Jalili A, Jadidi-Niaragh F. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:726-738. [PMID: 33686787 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression has been well studied for many years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are regarded as potential strategies in enhancing the immune responses in patients with cancer, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, CRCs are extraordinarily heterogeneous and mostly are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or cold tumors, which means that the immune response is not usually as strong as that of foreign cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new immune checkpoint receptor overexpressed inside the CRC tumor-immune microenvironments. Moreover, several studies have shown that TIGIT in combination with other ICIs and/or conventional treatments, can lead to a robust anti-tumor response in CRC. This review looks deep inside TIGIT expression patterns, their various functions, and possible immunotherapy strategies to increase survival rates and decrease immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Fathi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sergey V Kuznetsov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Research Management, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State, University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Dioletis E, Paiva RS, Kaffe E, Secor ER, Weiss TR, Fields MR, Ouyang X, Ali A. The fermented soy beverage Q-CAN® plus induces beneficial changes in the oral and intestinal microbiome. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33658080 PMCID: PMC7931600 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soy products are associated with many beneficial health consequences, but their effects on the human intestinal microbiome are poorly characterized. Objectives To identify the changes in the oral and fecal microbiome in lean and obese participants due to consumption of Q-CAN®, and to assess the expected consequences of these changes based on the published literature. Methods Prospective study of lean (10) and obese (9) participants consuming Q-CAN® twice daily for 4 weeks with 8 weeks follow-up. Microbial DNA was extracted from saliva and stool samples, amplified against the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and data analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1 bioinformatics. Four hundred forty-four samples were collected in total, 424 of which were productive and yielded good quality data. Results STOOL. In the lean population Bifidobacteria and Blautia show a significant increase while taking Q-CAN®, and there was a trend for this in the obese population. ORAL. There were relatively fewer major changes in the oral microbiome with an increase in the family Veillonellaceae in the lean population while on Q-CAN®. Conclusion Q-CAN® consumption induced a number of significant changes in the fecal and oral microbiome. Most notably an increase in the stool microbiome of Bifidobacteria and Blautia, both of which are associated with positive health benefits, and in the saliva an increase in Veillonellaceae. Trial registration This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on January 14th 2016. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02656056 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00408-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Dioletis
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ricardo S Paiva
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Eric R Secor
- Hartford Hospital and University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Theresa R Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Maxine R Fields
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Internal Medicine (Digestive Diseases), Yale University School of Medicine, One Gilbert Street, TAC Bldg, Room #S241, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Ather Ali
- Department of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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10
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Mann EH, Maughan TS. Fusobacterium nucleatum, rectal cancer and radiotherapy. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1277-1278. [PMID: 32629022 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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McQuade JL, Daniel CR, Helmink BA, Wargo JA. Modulating the microbiome to improve therapeutic response in cancer. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e77-e91. [PMID: 30712808 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although novel therapies, including immunotherapy, have dramatically improved outcomes for many patients with cancer, overall outcomes are heterogeneous and existing biomarkers do not reliably predict response. To date, predictors of response to cancer therapy have largely focused on tumour-intrinsic features; however, there is growing evidence that other host factors (eg, host genomics and the microbiome) can substantially affect therapeutic response. The microbiome, which refers to microbiota within a host and their collective genomes, is becoming increasingly recognised for its influence on host immunity, as well as therapeutic responses to cancer treatment. Importantly, microbiota can be modified via several different strategies, affording new angles in cancer treatment to improve outcomes. In this Review, we examine the evidence on the role of the microbiome in cancer and therapeutic response, factors that influence and shape host microbiota, strategies to modulate the microbiome, and present key unanswered questions to be addressed in ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Teng T, Gao F, He W, Fu H, Guo J, Bai G, Shi B. An Early Fecal Microbiota Transfer Improves the Intestinal Conditions on Microflora and Immunoglobulin and Antimicrobial Peptides in Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4830-4843. [PMID: 32252520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of early fecal microbial transfer (FMT) on the microflora of recipient piglets, where Yorkshire newborn piglets and Min sows (an indigenous pig breed in China) were used as the fecal recipients and donors, respectively, to reveal the changes in immunity and development-related functions of the intestinal mucosa driven by FMT. The recipient group was inoculated with fecal microbial fluids from days 1 to 10. On day 21, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria was reduced; the concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunal mucosa, and that of IgG in the ileal mucosa of the recipient group, were increased (P < 0.05). On day 40, the relative abundance of the Firmicutes in the recipient group was increased, while that of Bacteroides was decreased. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the ileal mucosa of the recipient group were increased. FMT protected the intestine by modulating the antimicrobial peptides of the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). The results of this study revealed that early FMT can improve the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal immunity, and intestinal development-related functions of Yorkshire piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guangdong Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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13
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Wu J, Wang Y, Jiang Z. Immune induction identified by TMT proteomics analysis in Fusobacterium nucleatum autoinducer-2 treated macrophages. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:175-185. [PMID: 32125181 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1738223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
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14
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Human Lung Microbiome on the Way to Cancer. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1394191. [PMID: 31485458 PMCID: PMC6710786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1394191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on cancer-associated microbial communities led to the accumulation of data on the interplay between bacteria, immune and tumor cells, the pathways of bacterial induction of carcinogenesis, and its meaningfulness for medicine. Microbial communities that have any kind of impact on tumor progression and microorganisms associated with tumors have been defined as oncobiome. Over the last decades, a number of studies were dedicated to Helicobacter pylori and its role in the progression of stomach tumors, so this correlation can be regarded as proven. Involvement of bacteria in the induction of lung cancer has been largely ignored for a long time, though some correlations between this type of cancer and lung microbiome were established. Despite the fact that in the present the microbial impact on lung cancer progression has many confirmations, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Microorganisms can contribute to tumor initiation and progression through production of bacteriotoxins and other proinflammatory factors. The purpose of this review is to organize the available data on lung cancer microbiome and its role in malignant tumor progression.
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15
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Wu J, Li K, Peng W, Li H, Li Q, Wang X, Peng Y, Tang X, Fu X. Autoinducer-2 of Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes macrophage M1 polarization via TNFSF9/IL-1β signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105724. [PMID: 31272064 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) autoinducer-2 (AI-2) on the polarization of macrophages and the underlying mechanism is not known. We investigated the effect of F. nucleatum AI-2 on the migration and polarization of cultured macrophages. We further screened AI-2-interacting proteins in macrophages using a quantitative proteomics strategy, and evaluated the expression of TNFSF9/TRAF1/p-AKT/IL-1β signaling in cultured macrophages and human colorectal cancer (CRC). The data showed that F. nucleatum AI-2 enhanced the mobility and M1 polarization of macrophages, possibly through TNFSF9/TRAF1/p-AKT/IL-1β signaling. Moreover, TNFSF9 and IL-1β expression was significantly increased in human CRCs when compared to normal colon (P < 0.05), and was associated with AI-2 concentration and increased survival. Together, our data suggested that AI-2 induced macrophage M1 polarization by activating the TNFSF9/IL-1β pathway. Thus, AI-2 may serve as a promising novel target for immunotherapy of gut microbiota-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Kang Li
- High Altitude Medical Research Institute, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xianfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan 637000, China.
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16
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Li Q, Peng W, Wu J, Wang X, Ren Y, Li H, Peng Y, Tang X, Fu X. Autoinducer-2 of gut microbiota, a potential novel marker for human colorectal cancer, is associated with the activation of TNFSF9 signaling in macrophages. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1626192. [PMID: 31646072 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1626192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The interaction between the quorum sensing (QS) molecules of gut microbiota and the immunity of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been investigated before. Methods: We measured the concentration of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) in samples of stool, colorectal tissue, saliva and serum of CRC patients, and compared this to AI-2 levels in colorectal adenoma (AD) and normal colon mucosa (NC). To explore the activated signaling pathways involved, we utilized AI-2 extracted from Fusobacterium nucleatum to stimulate macrophages and validated these in vitro findings in human CRC tissues. Results: The AI-2 concentration in both colorectal tissue and stool of CRC patients was significantly higher when compared to that in AD and NC (all P values < .01). The AI-2 concentration along with the progression of CRC in both tissues and stools was significantly increased (P= .045,P= .0003, respectively). After AI-2 stimulation, TNFSF9 was the most significantly increased protein in macrophage cells (P < .01). TNFSF9 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues when compared to NCs (P< .0001), which was mainly derived from macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, AI-2 level was positively associated with CD3 + T cell numbers (P= .0462), and negatively associated with CD4/CD8 ratio (P= .0113) within CRC tissues. Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that AI-2 may serve as a novel marker for screening CRC in the clinic. AI-2 was associated with tumor immunity in CRCs through tumor-associated macrophages and CD4/CD8 ratio in a TNFSF9-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
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17
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Wu J, Li Q, Fu X. Fusobacterium nucleatum Contributes to the Carcinogenesis of Colorectal Cancer by Inducing Inflammation and Suppressing Host Immunity. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:846-851. [PMID: 30986689 PMCID: PMC6462820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the gut is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). F. nucleatum promotes tumor development by inducing inflammation and host immune response in the CRC microenvironment. Adhesion to the intestinal epithelium by the cell surface proteins FadA, Fap2 and RadD expressed by F. nucleatum can cause the host to produce inflammatory factors and recruit inflammatory cells, creating an environment which favors tumor growth. Furthermore, F. nucleatum can induce immune suppression of gut mucosa by suppressing the function of immune cells such as macrophages, T cells and natural killer cells, contributing the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, 646000
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, 646000
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China, 637000.
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18
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Pandiyan P, Bhaskaran N, Zou M, Schneider E, Jayaraman S, Huehn J. Microbiome Dependent Regulation of T regs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa. Front Immunol 2019; 10:426. [PMID: 30906299 PMCID: PMC6419713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident microbes and mucosal surfaces, both parties are in continuous and complex interactions resulting in important functional consequences. These interactions govern immune homeostasis, host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as predisposition to metabolic, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Here, we discuss recent studies on direct and indirect effects of resident microbiota on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells at the cellular and molecular level. We review mechanisms by which commensal microbes influence mucosa in the context of bioactive molecules derived from resident bacteria, immune senescence, chronic inflammation and cancer. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic applications of microbiota alterations and microbial derivatives, for improving resilience of mucosal immunity and combating immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sangeetha Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Gut Microbiota, Fusobacteria, and Colorectal Cancer. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6040109. [PMID: 30544946 PMCID: PMC6313651 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) in both animal models and human studies. It is now generally accepted that bacteria are ubiquitous colonizers of all exposed human body surfaces, including the entire alimentary tract (5). Recently, the concept that a normal bacterial microbiota is essential for the development of inflammation-induced carcinoma has emerged from studies of well-known colonic bacterial microbiota. This review explores the evidence for a role of fusobacteria, an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium that has repeatedly been detected at colorectal tumor sites in higher abundance than surrounding histologically normal tissue. Mechanistic studies provide insight on the interplay between fusobacteria, other gut microbiota, barrier functions, and host responses. Studies have shown that fusobacteria activate host inflammatory responses designed to protect against pathogens that promote tumor growth. We discuss how future research identifying the pathophysiology underlying fusobacteria colon colonization during colorectal cancer may lead to new therapeutic targets for cancer. Furthermore, disease-protective strategies suppressing tumor development by targeting the local tumor environment via bacteria represent another exciting avenue for researchers and are highlighted in this review.
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