1
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Soon HR, Gaunt JR, Bansal VA, Lenherr C, Sze SK, Ch’ng TH. Seizure enhances SUMOylation and zinc-finger transcriptional repression in neuronal nuclei. iScience 2023; 26:107707. [PMID: 37694138 PMCID: PMC10483055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A single episode of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus can trigger the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rodent model for epilepsy. The initial seizure-induced events in neuronal nuclei that lead to long-term changes in gene expression and cellular responses likely contribute toward epileptogenesis. Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically isolate excitatory neuronal nuclei, we profiled the seizure-induced nuclear proteome via tandem mass tag mass spectrometry and observed robust enrichment of nuclear proteins associated with the SUMOylation pathway. In parallel with nuclear proteome, we characterized nuclear gene expression by RNA sequencing which provided insights into seizure-driven transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Strikingly, we saw widespread downregulation of zinc-finger transcription factors, specifically proteins that harbor Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domains. Our results provide a detailed snapshot of nuclear events induced by seizure activity and demonstrate a robust method for cell-type-specific nuclear profiling that can be applied to other cell types and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Soon
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
| | - Jessica Ruth Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Vibhavari Aysha Bansal
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Clara Lenherr
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON, Canada
| | - Toh Hean Ch’ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636551, Singapore
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2
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The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6595. [PMID: 36329026 PMCID: PMC9633640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
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3
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Napoli G, Panzironi N, Traversa A, Catalanotto C, Pace V, Petrizzelli F, Giovannetti A, Lazzari S, Cogoni C, Tartaglia M, Carella M, Mazza T, Pizzuti A, Parisi C, Caputo V. Potassium Channel KCNH1 Activating Variants Cause Altered Functional and Morphological Ciliogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4825-4838. [PMID: 35639255 PMCID: PMC9363390 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a non-motile sensory organelle that extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells and transduces signals regulating proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Primary cilia dysfunctions have been observed in cancer and in a group of heterogeneous disorders called ciliopathies, characterized by renal and liver cysts, skeleton and limb abnormalities, retinal degeneration, intellectual disability, ataxia, and heart disease and, recently, in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. The potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 (KCNH1) gene encodes a member of the EAG (ether-à-go-go) family, which controls potassium flux regulating resting membrane potential in both excitable and non-excitable cells and is involved in intracellular signaling, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. KCNH1 missense variants have been associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 1 (ZLS1, MIM #135500), Temple-Baraitser syndrome (TMBTS, MIM #611816), and, recently, with milder phenotypes as epilepsy. In this work, we provide evidence that KCNH1 localizes at the base of the cilium in pre-ciliary vesicles and ciliary pocket of human dermal fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE1) cells and that the pathogenic missense variants (L352V and R330Q; NP_002229.1) perturb cilia morphology, assembly/disassembly, and Sonic Hedgehog signaling, disclosing a multifaceted role of the protein. The study of KCNH1 localization, its functions related to primary cilia, and the alterations introduced by mutations in ciliogenesis, cell cycle coordination, cilium morphology, and cilia signaling pathways could help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological phenotypes and neurodevelopmental disorders not considered as classical ciliopathies but for which a significant role of primary cilia is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Napoli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR-National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Panzironi
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Valentina Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrizzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Agnese Giovannetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cogoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Parisi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR-National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Bandopadhyay R, Singh T, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C, Ahmad J, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Mishra A. Recent Developments in Diagnosis of Epilepsy: Scope of MicroRNA and Technological Advancements. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1097. [PMID: 34827090 PMCID: PMC8615191 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, characterized by recurrent seizures, resulting from abnormally synchronized episodic neuronal discharges. Around 70 million people worldwide are suffering from epilepsy. The available antiepileptic medications are capable of controlling seizures in around 60-70% of patients, while the rest remain refractory. Poor seizure control is often associated with neuro-psychiatric comorbidities, mainly including memory impairment, depression, psychosis, neurodegeneration, motor impairment, neuroendocrine dysfunction, etc., resulting in poor prognosis. Effective treatment relies on early and correct detection of epileptic foci. Although there are currently a few well-established diagnostic techniques for epilepsy, they lack accuracy and cannot be applied to patients who are unsupportive or harbor metallic implants. Since a single test result from one of these techniques does not provide complete information about the epileptic foci, it is necessary to develop novel diagnostic tools. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current diagnostic tools of epilepsy, including electroencephalography (EEG) as well as structural and functional neuroimaging. We further discuss recent trends and advances in the diagnosis of epilepsy that will enable more effective diagnosis and clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
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Ithal D, Sukumaran SK, Bhattacharjee D, Vemula A, Nadella R, Mahadevan J, Sud R, Viswanath B, Purushottam M, Jain S. Exome hits demystified: The next frontier. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 59:102640. [PMID: 33892377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have complex inheritance patterns, involving both common and rare variants. Whole exome sequencing is a promising approach to find out the rare genetic variants. We had previously reported several rare variants in multiplex families with severe mental illnesses. The current article tries to summarise the biological processes and pattern of expression of genes harbouring the aforementioned variants, linking them to known clinical manifestations through a methodical narrative review. Of the 28 genes considered for this review from 7 families with multiple affected individuals, 6 genes are implicated in various neuropsychiatric manifestations including some variations in the brain morphology assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Another 15 genes, though associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations, did not have established brain morphological changes whereas the remaining 7 genes did not have any previously recorded neuropsychiatric manifestations at all. Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway was associated with 6 of these genes and PI3K/AKT, calcium signaling, ERK, RhoA and notch signaling pathways had at least 2 gene associations. We present a comprehensive review of biological and clinical knowledge about the genes previously reported in multiplex families with severe mental illness. A 'disease in dish approach' can be helpful to further explore the fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Ithal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alekhya Vemula
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeteka Sud
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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6
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Ying Y, Jiang P. Research progress on transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel in nervous system diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:267-276. [PMID: 34137233 PMCID: PMC8710270 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) ion channel is a non-selective cationic channel that can permeate calcium ions, and plays an important role in neuroinflammation, ischemic reperfusion brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, neuropathic pain, epilepsy and other neurological diseases. In ischemic reperfusion brain injury, TRPM2 mediates neuronal death by modulating the different subunits of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor in response to calcium/zinc signal. In Alzheimer's disease, TRPM2 is activated by reactive oxygen species generated by β-amyloid peptide to form a malignant positive feedback loop that induces neuronal death and is involved in the pathological process of glial cells by promoting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In epilepsy, the TRPM2-knockout alleviates epilepsy induced neuronal degeneration by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis related proteins. The roles of TRPM2 channel in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system diseases and its potential drug development and clinical application prospects are summarized in this review.
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7
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Gonsales MC, Ribeiro PAO, Betting LE, Alvim MKM, Guerreiro CM, Yasuda CL, Gitaí DLG, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I. Revisiting the clinical impact of variants in EFHC1 in patients with different phenotypes of genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107469. [PMID: 33181902 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), which accounts for 5 to 10% of all epilepsy cases. The gene EFHC1 has been implicated as a putative cause of JME. However, it remains debatable whether testing for EFHC1 mutations should be included in the diagnostic epilepsy gene panels. To investigate the clinical utility of EFHC1 testing, we studied 125 individuals: 100 with JME and 25 with other GGEs. We amplified and sequenced all EFHC1 coding exons. Then, we predicted the pathogenicity or benign impact of the variants using the analyses proposed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP). Mutation screening revealed 11 missense variants in 44 probands with JME (44%) and one of the seven individuals with generalized tonic-clonic seizures on awakening (14%). Six of the 11 variants (54%) were classified as 'benign,' and the remaining variants were considered variants of uncertain significance (VUS). There is currently a limitation to test for genes that predispose an individual to complex, nonmonogenic phenotypes. Thus, we show suggestive evidence that EFHC1 testing lacks a scientific foundation based on the disputed nature of the gene-disease relationship and should be currently limited to research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Gonsales
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A O Ribeiro
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Betting
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina K M Alvim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos M Guerreiro
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Genetic Landscape of Common Epilepsies: Advancing towards Precision in Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207784. [PMID: 33096746 PMCID: PMC7589654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures, is highly heterogeneous in nature. Based on the prevalence, epilepsy is classified into two types: common and rare epilepsies. Common epilepsies affecting nearly 95% people with epilepsy, comprise generalized epilepsy which encompass idiopathic generalized epilepsy like childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizure on awakening and focal epilepsy like temporal lobe epilepsy and cryptogenic focal epilepsy. In 70% of the epilepsy cases, genetic factors are responsible either as single genetic variant in rare epilepsies or multiple genetic variants acting along with different environmental factors as in common epilepsies. Genetic testing and precision treatment have been developed for a few rare epilepsies and is lacking for common epilepsies due to their complex nature of inheritance. Precision medicine for common epilepsies require a panoramic approach that incorporates polygenic background and other non-genetic factors like microbiome, diet, age at disease onset, optimal time for treatment and other lifestyle factors which influence seizure threshold. This review aims to comprehensively present a state-of-art review of all the genes and their genetic variants that are associated with all common epilepsy subtypes. It also encompasses the basis of these genes in the epileptogenesis. Here, we discussed the current status of the common epilepsy genetics and address the clinical application so far on evidence-based markers in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment management. In addition, we assessed the diagnostic predictability of a few genetic markers used for disease risk prediction in individuals. A combination of deeper endo-phenotyping including pharmaco-response data, electro-clinical imaging, and other clinical measurements along with genetics may be used to diagnose common epilepsies and this marks a step ahead in precision medicine in common epilepsies management.
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Loucks CM, Park K, Walker DS, McEwan AH, Timbers TA, Ardiel EL, Grundy LJ, Li C, Johnson JL, Kennedy J, Blacque OE, Schafer W, Rankin CH, Leroux MR. EFHC1, implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, functions at the cilium and synapse to modulate dopamine signaling. eLife 2019; 8:37271. [PMID: 30810526 PMCID: PMC6392500 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons throughout the mammalian brain possess non-motile cilia, organelles with varied functions in sensory physiology and cellular signaling. Yet, the roles of cilia in these neurons are poorly understood. To shed light into their functions, we studied EFHC1, an evolutionarily conserved protein required for motile cilia function and linked to a common form of inherited epilepsy in humans, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). We demonstrate that C. elegans EFHC-1 functions within specialized non-motile mechanosensory cilia, where it regulates neuronal activation and dopamine signaling. EFHC-1 also localizes at the synapse, where it further modulates dopamine signaling in cooperation with the orthologue of an R-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Our findings unveil a previously undescribed dual-regulation of neuronal excitability at sites of neuronal sensory input (cilium) and neuronal output (synapse). Such a distributed regulatory mechanism may be essential for establishing neuronal activation thresholds under physiological conditions, and when impaired, may represent a novel pathomechanism for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina M Loucks
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Kwangjin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Denise S Walker
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea H McEwan
- Djavad Mowfaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tiffany A Timbers
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Evan L Ardiel
- Djavad Mowfaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura J Grundy
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jacque-Lynne Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Julie Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine H Rankin
- Djavad Mowfaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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