1
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Hinata D, Fukuda R, Ishiguro H, Kamada Y, Okiyoneda T. Enhanced CFTR modulator efficacy in ΔF508 CFTR mouse organoids by ablation of RFFL ubiquitin ligase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150433. [PMID: 39047427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The most common CFTR mutant in cystic fibrosis (CF), ΔF508 CFTR, is eliminated by ubiquitination even in the presence of CF drugs, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. RFFL is one of the ubiquitin ligases that remove ΔF508 CFTR from the cell surface despite treatment with the triple combination of CFTR modulators (TEZ/ELX/IVA) used clinically. Although RFFL knockdown has been shown to enhance the efficacy of TEZ/ELX/IVA in cell culture models, its impact in mouse models has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that RFFL ablation significantly improves the effect of TEZ/ELX/IVA, resulting in enhanced function of ΔF508 CFTR in mouse organoids. Since RFFL knockout mice showed no significant abnormalities, our findings support RFFL inhibition as a promising strategy to improve CFtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Hinata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan.
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2
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Liang Y, Pan C, Yin T, Wang L, Gao X, Wang E, Quang H, Huang D, Tan L, Xiang K, Wang Y, Alexander PB, Li Q, Yao T, Zhang Z, Wang X. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Accumulation Fuels the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303489. [PMID: 37964763 PMCID: PMC10787106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine play critical roles in protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Despite their widespread use as nutritional supplements, BCAAs' full effects on mammalian physiology remain uncertain due to the complexities of BCAA metabolic regulation. Here a novel mechanism linking intrinsic alterations in BCAA metabolism is identified to cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), both of which contribute to organismal aging and inflammation-related diseases. Altered BCAA metabolism driving the SASP is mediated by robust activation of the BCAA transporters Solute Carrier Family 6 Members 14 and 15 as well as downregulation of the catabolic enzyme BCAA transaminase 1 during onset of cellular senescence, leading to highly elevated intracellular BCAA levels in senescent cells. This, in turn, activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to establish the full SASP program. Transgenic Drosophila models further indicate that orthologous BCAA regulators are involved in the induction of cellular senescence and age-related phenotypes in flies, suggesting evolutionary conservation of this metabolic pathway during aging. Finally, experimentally blocking BCAA accumulation attenuates the inflammatory response in a mouse senescence model, highlighting the therapeutic potential of modulating BCAA metabolism for the treatment of age-related and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Christopher Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- Children's Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Holly Quang
- Children's Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - De Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- School of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Peter B. Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Qi‐Jing Li
- Department of ImmunologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138673Singapore
- Singapore Immunology NetworkAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138673Singapore
| | - Tso‐Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Xiao‐Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer BiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
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3
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Abstract
Amino acids derived from protein digestion are important nutrients for the growth and maintenance of organisms. Approximately half of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids can be synthesized by mammalian organisms, while the other half are essential and must be acquired from the nutrition. Absorption of amino acids is mediated by a set of amino acid transporters together with transport of di- and tripeptides. They provide amino acids for systemic needs and for enterocyte metabolism. Absorption is largely complete at the end of the small intestine. The large intestine mediates the uptake of amino acids derived from bacterial metabolism and endogenous sources. Lack of amino acid transporters and peptide transporter delays the absorption of amino acids and changes sensing and usage of amino acids by the intestine. This can affect metabolic health through amino acid restriction, sensing of amino acids, and production of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;
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4
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Birimberg-Schwartz L, Ip W, Bartlett C, Avolio J, Vonk AM, Gunawardena T, Du K, Esmaeili M, Beekman JM, Rommens J, Strug L, Bear CE, Moraes TJ, Gonska T. Validating organoid-derived human intestinal monolayers for personalized therapy in cystic fibrosis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201857. [PMID: 37024122 PMCID: PMC10079552 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly effective drugs modulating the defective protein encoded by the CFTR gene have revolutionized cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy. Preclinical drug-testing on human nasal epithelial (HNE) cell cultures and 3-dimensional human intestinal organoids (3D HIO) are used to address patient-specific variation in drug response and to optimize individual treatment for people with CF. This study is the first to report comparable CFTR functional responses to CFTR modulator treatment among patients with different classes of CFTR gene variants using the three methods of 2D HIO, 3D HIO, and HNE. Furthermore, 2D HIO showed good correlation to clinical outcome markers. A larger measurable CFTR functional range and access to the apical membrane were identified as advantages of 2D HIO over HNE and 3D HIO, respectively. Our study thus expands the utility of 2D intestinal monolayers as a preclinical drug testing tool for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Birimberg-Schwartz
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wan Ip
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Avolio
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annelotte M Vonk
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherland
| | - Tarini Gunawardena
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kai Du
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohsen Esmaeili
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherland
| | - Johanna Rommens
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programme in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Watson CP, Sekhar GN, Thomas SA. Identification of transport systems involved in eflornithine delivery across the blood-brain barrier. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY 2023; 3:1113493. [PMID: 38482132 PMCID: PMC7615738 DOI: 10.3389/fddev.2023.1113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected parasitic disease that continues to persist in sub-Saharan Africa. It is fatal if untreated. The first stage of the disease is associated with the presence of the parasite in the periphery and the second stage with the presence of the parasites in the CNS. The treatment of CNS stage HAT requires the drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Eflornithine is an amino acid analogue that is used to treat second stage HAT gambiense both alone and in combination with nifurtimox. Recent studies have identified that accumulation of eflornithine into the parasites (trypanosomes) involves the amino acid transporter (Trypanosoma brucei AAT6). In this study we tested the hypothesis that eflornithine uses a cationic amino acid transport system to cross the BBB. We particularly focused on system-y+ and system-B0,+. To do this we utilized specialist databases to compare the physicochemical characteristics of relevant molecules and an in vitro model of the BBB to explore the mechanisms of eflornithine delivery into the CNS. Our results confirmed that eflornithine is related to the endogenous amino acid, ornithine. At pH 7.4, eflornithine is predominately (92.39%) a zwitterionic (dipolar) amino acid and ornithine is predominately (99.08%) a cationic (tripolar) amino acid. In addition, the gross charge distribution at pH 7.4 of eflornithine is much smaller (+0.073) than that of ornithine (+0.99). Further results indicated that eflornithine utilized a saturable transport mechanism(s) to cross the hCMEC/D3 cell membranes and that transport was inhibited by the presence of other amino acids including ornithine. Eflornithine transport was also sodium-independent and sensitive to a y+-system inhibitor, but not a B0,+-system inhibitor. Eflornithine transport was also inhibited by pentamidine, suggestive of transport by organic cation transporters (OCT) which are expressed in this cell line. We confirmed expression of the y+-system protein, CAT1, and the B0,+-system protein, ATB0,+, in the hCMEC/D3 cells. We conclude that eflornithine uses the cationic amino acid transporter, system y+, and OCT to cross the BBB. This research highlights the potential of system-y+ to deliver drugs, including eflornithine, across the BBB to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Watson
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Gayathri Nair Sekhar
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, UK
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6
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Flux coupling, not specificity, shapes the transport and phylogeny of SLC6 glycine transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205874119. [PMID: 36191186 PMCID: PMC9564218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205874119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATB[Formula: see text] (SLC6A14) is a member of the amino acid transporter branch of the SLC6 family along with GlyT1 (SLC6A9) and GlyT2 (SLC6A5), two glycine-specific transporters coupled to 2:1 and 3:1 Na[Formula: see text]:Cl[Formula: see text], respectively. In contrast, ATB[Formula: see text] exhibits broad substrate specificity for all neutral and cationic amino acids, and its ionic coupling remains unsettled. Using the reversal potential slope method, we demonstrate a 3:1:1 Na[Formula: see text]:Cl[Formula: see text]:Gly stoichiometry for ATB[Formula: see text] that is consistent with its 2.1 e/Gly charge coupling. Like GlyT2, ATB[Formula: see text] behaves as a unidirectional transporter with virtually no glycine efflux at negative potentials after uptake, except by heteroexchange as remarkably shown by leucine activation of NMDARs in Xenopus oocytes coexpressing both membrane proteins. Analysis and computational modeling of the charge movement of ATB[Formula: see text] reveal a higher affinity for sodium in the absence of substrate than GlyT2 and a gating mechanism that locks Na[Formula: see text] into the apo-transporter at depolarized potentials. A 3:1 Na[Formula: see text]:Cl[Formula: see text] stoichiometry justifies the concentrative transport properties of ATB[Formula: see text] and explains its trophic role in tumor growth, while rationalizing its phylogenetic proximity to GlyT2 despite their extreme divergence in specificity.
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7
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Anderson CMH, Edwards N, Watson AK, Althaus M, Thwaites DT. Reshaping the Binding Pocket of the Neurotransmitter:Solute Symporter (NSS) Family Transporter SLC6A14 (ATB 0,+) Selectively Reduces Access for Cationic Amino Acids and Derivatives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101404. [PMID: 36291613 PMCID: PMC9599917 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is unique among SLC proteins in its ability to transport 18 of the 20 proteinogenic (dipolar and cationic) amino acids and naturally occurring and synthetic analogues (including anti-viral prodrugs and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors). SLC6A14 mediates amino acid uptake in multiple cell types where increased expression is associated with pathophysiological conditions including some cancers. Here, we investigated how a key position within the core LeuT-fold structure of SLC6A14 influences substrate specificity. Homology modelling and sequence analysis identified the transmembrane domain 3 residue V128 as equivalent to a position known to influence substrate specificity in distantly related SLC36 and SLC38 amino acid transporters. SLC6A14, with and without V128 mutations, was heterologously expressed and function determined by radiotracer solute uptake and electrophysiological measurement of transporter-associated current. Substituting the amino acid residue occupying the SLC6A14 128 position modified the binding pocket environment and selectively disrupted transport of cationic (but not dipolar) amino acids and related NOS inhibitors. By understanding the molecular basis of amino acid transporter substrate specificity we can improve knowledge of how this multi-functional transporter can be targeted and how the LeuT-fold facilitates such diversity in function among the SLC6 family and other SLC amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M. H. Anderson
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Correspondence: (C.M.H.A.); (D.T.T.)
| | - Noel Edwards
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew K. Watson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mike Althaus
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences & Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - David T. Thwaites
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (C.M.H.A.); (D.T.T.)
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8
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Mercier J, Calmel C, Mésinèle J, Sutanto E, Merabtene F, Longchampt E, Sage E, Kicic A, Boëlle PY, Corvol H, Ruffin M, Guillot L. SLC6A14 Impacts Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Severity via mTOR and Epithelial Repair Modulation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:850261. [PMID: 35372502 PMCID: PMC8965518 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.850261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), due to pathogenic variants in CFTR gene, is associated with chronic infection/inflammation responsible for airway epithelium alteration and lung function decline. Modifier genes induce phenotype variability between people with CF (pwCF) carrying the same CFTR variants. Among these, the gene encoding for the amino acid transporter SLC6A14 has been associated with lung disease severity and age of primary airway infection by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3788766, located within SLC6A14 promoter, is associated with lung disease severity in a large French cohort of pwCF. We also studied the consequences of this SNP on SLC6A14 promoter activity using a luciferase reporter and the role of SLC6A14 in the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway and airway epithelial repair. We confirm that SLC6A14 rs3788766 SNP is associated with lung disease severity in pwCF (p = 0.020; n = 3,257, pancreatic insufficient, aged 6-40 years old), with the minor allele G being deleterious. In bronchial epithelial cell lines deficient for CFTR, SLC6A14 promoter activity is reduced in the presence of the rs3788766 G allele. SLC6A14 inhibition with a specific pharmacological blocker reduced 3H-arginine transport, mTOR phosphorylation, and bronchial epithelial repair rates in wound healing assays. To conclude, our study highlights that SLC6A14 genotype might affect lung disease severity of people with cystic fibrosis via mTOR and epithelial repair mechanism modulation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Julie Mésinèle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis D'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Erika Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Fatiha Merabtene
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | | | - Edouard Sage
- Départment de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- UMR 0892 UVSQ-INRAE, VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pierre-Yves Boëlle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis D'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
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9
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Xia S, Bozóky Z, Di Paola M, Laselva O, Ahmadi S, Jiang JX, Pitstick AL, Jiang C, Rotin D, Mayhew CN, Jones NL, Bear CE. High-Throughput Functional Analysis of CFTR and Other Apically Localized Proteins in iPSC-Derived Human Intestinal Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123419. [PMID: 34943927 PMCID: PMC8699884 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into epithelial organoids that recapitulate the relevant context for CFTR and enable testing of therapies targeting Cystic Fibrosis (CF)-causing mutant proteins. However, to date, CF-iPSC-derived organoids have only been used to study pharmacological modulation of mutant CFTR channel activity and not the activity of other disease-relevant membrane protein constituents. In the current work, we describe a high-throughput, fluorescence-based assay of CFTR channel activity in iPSC-derived intestinal organoids and describe how this method can be adapted to study other apical membrane proteins. Specifically, we show how this assay can be employed to study CFTR and ENaC channels and an electrogenic acid transporter in the same iPSC-derived intestinal tissue. This phenotypic platform promises to expand CF therapy discovery to include strategies that target multiple determinants of epithelial fluid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Xia
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.X.); (Z.B.); (O.L.); (J.X.J.)
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.J.); (D.R.); (N.L.J.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Zoltán Bozóky
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.X.); (Z.B.); (O.L.); (J.X.J.)
| | - Michelle Di Paola
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.X.); (Z.B.); (O.L.); (J.X.J.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Saumel Ahmadi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jia Xin Jiang
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.X.); (Z.B.); (O.L.); (J.X.J.)
| | - Amy L. Pitstick
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.L.P.); (C.N.M.)
| | - Chong Jiang
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.J.); (D.R.); (N.L.J.)
| | - Daniela Rotin
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.J.); (D.R.); (N.L.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christopher N. Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.L.P.); (C.N.M.)
| | - Nicola L. Jones
- Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.J.); (D.R.); (N.L.J.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.X.); (Z.B.); (O.L.); (J.X.J.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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10
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Laselva O, Guerra L, Castellani S, Favia M, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Small-molecule drugs for cystic fibrosis: Where are we now? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 72:102098. [PMID: 34793977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is due to the lack/dysfunction of the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel expressed by epithelial cells as the main regulator of ion and fluid homeostasis. More than 2000 genetic variation in the CFTR gene are known, among which those with identified pathomechanism have been divided into six VI mutation classes. A major advancement in the pharmacotherapy of CF has been the development of small-molecule drugs hitting the root of the disease, i.e. the altered ion and fluid transport through the airway epithelium. These drugs, called CFTR modulators, have been advanced to the clinics to treat nearly 90% of CF patients, including the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor, approved for residual function mutations (Classes III and IV), and combinations of correctors (lumacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor) and ivacaftor for patients bearing at least one the F508del mutation, the most frequent mutation belonging to class II. To cover the 10% of CF patients without etiological therapies, other novel small-molecule CFTR modulators are in evaluation of their effectiveness in all the CFTR mutation classes: read-through agents for Class I, correctors, potentiators and amplifiers from different companies for Class II-V, stabilizers for Class VI. In alternative, other solute carriers, such as SLC26A9 and SLC6A14, are the focus of intensive investigation. Finally, other molecular targets are being evaluated for patients with no approved CFTR modulator therapy or as means of enhancing CFTR modulatory therapy, including small molecules forming ion channels, inhibitors of the ENaC sodium channel and potentiators of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A. This paper aims to give an up-to-date overview of old and novel CFTR modulators as well as of novel strategies based on small-molecule drugs. Further investigations in in-vivo and cell-based models as well as carrying out large prospective studies will be required to determine if novel CFTR modulators, stabilizers, amplifiers, and the ENaC inhibitors or TMEM16A potentiators will further improve the clinical outcomes in CF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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11
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Extracellular phosphate enhances the function of F508del-CFTR rescued by CFTR correctors. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:843-850. [PMID: 34020896 PMCID: PMC8503924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CFTR correctors rescue the plasma membrane expression of F508del-CFTR. Extracellular phosphate enhances F508del-CFTR function rescued by CFTR correctors. Cystic fibrosis airway epithelia express the phosphate transporter SLC34A2. Extracellular phosphate levels might contribute to variable drug responses.
Background: The clinical response to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators varies between people with cystic fibrosis (CF) of the same genotype, in part through the action of solute carriers encoded by modifier genes. Here, we investigate whether phosphate transport by SLC34A2 modulates the function of F508del-CFTR after its rescue by CFTR correctors. Methods: With Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells heterologously expressing wild-type and F508del-CFTR and fully-differentiated CF and non-CF human airway epithelial cells, we studied SLC34A2 expression and the effects of phosphate on CFTR-mediated transepithelial ion transport. F508del-CFTR was trafficked to the plasma membrane by incubation with different CFTR correctors (alone or in combination) or by low temperature. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that both FRT and primary airway epithelial cells express SLC34A2 mRNA and no differences were found between cells expressing wild-type and F508del-CFTR. For both heterologously expressed and native F508del-CFTR rescued by either VX-809 or C18, the magnitude of CFTR-mediated Cl− currents was dependent on the presence of extracellular phosphate. However, this effect of phosphate was not detected with wild-type and low temperature-rescued F508del-CFTR Cl− currents. Importantly, the modulatory effect of phosphate was observed in native CF airway cells exposed to VX-445, VX-661 and VX-770 (Trikafta) and was dependent on the presence of both sodium and phosphate. Conclusions: Extracellular phosphate modulates the magnitude of CFTR-mediated Cl− currents after F508del-CFTR rescue by clinically-approved CFTR correctors. This effect likely involves electrogenic phosphate transport by SLC34A2. It might contribute to inter-individual variability in the clinical response to CFTR correctors.
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12
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Fairweather SJ, Okada S, Gauthier-Coles G, Javed K, Bröer A, Bröer S. A GC-MS/Single-Cell Method to Evaluate Membrane Transporter Substrate Specificity and Signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:646574. [PMID: 33928121 PMCID: PMC8076599 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.646574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters play a vital role in metabolism and nutrient signaling pathways. Typically, transport activity is investigated using single substrates and competing amounts of other amino acids. We used GC-MS and LC-MS for metabolic screening of Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing various human amino acid transporters incubated in complex media to establish their comprehensive substrate profiles. For most transporters, amino acid selectivity matched reported substrate profiles. However, we could not detect substantial accumulation of cationic amino acids by SNAT4 and ATB0,+ in contrast to previous reports. In addition, comparative substrate profiles of two related sodium neutral amino acid transporters known as SNAT1 and SNAT2, revealed the latter as a significant leucine accumulator. As a consequence, SNAT2, but not SNAT1, was shown to be an effective activator of the eukaryotic cellular growth regulator mTORC1. We propose, that metabolomic profiling of membrane transporters in Xe nopus laevis oocytes can be used to test their substrate specificity and role in intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shoko Okada
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Institute (CSIRO) Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Kiran Javed
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Angelika Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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13
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Transport of L-Arginine Related Cardiovascular Risk Markers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123975. [PMID: 33302555 PMCID: PMC7764698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine and its derivatives, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and L-homoarginine, have emerged as cardiovascular biomarkers linked to cardiovascular outcomes and various metabolic and functional pathways such as NO-mediated endothelial function. Cellular uptake and efflux of L-arginine and its derivatives are facilitated by transport proteins. In this respect the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 and CAT2 (SLC7A1 and SLC7A2) and the system y+L amino acid transporters (SLC7A6 and SLC7A7) have been most extensively investigated, so far, but the number of transporters shown to mediate the transport of L-arginine and its derivatives is constantly increasing. In the present review we assess the growing body of evidence regarding the function, expression, and clinical relevance of these transporters and their possible relation to cardiovascular diseases.
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14
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Nałęcz KA. Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 (ATB 0,+) - A Target in Combined Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594464. [PMID: 33195271 PMCID: PMC7609839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by quick growth and proliferation, demanding constant supply of various nutrients. Several plasma membrane transporters delivering such compounds are upregulated in cancer. Solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14), known as amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) transports all amino acids with exception of the acidic ones: aspartate and glutamate. Its malfunctioning is correlated with several pathological states and it is upregulated in solid tumors. The high expression of SLC6A14 is prognostic and unfavorable in pancreatic cancer, while in breast cancer it is expressed in estrogen receptor positive cells. As many plasma membrane transporters it resides in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane after translation before further trafficking through Golgi to the cell surface. Transporter exit from ER is strictly controlled. The proper folding of SLC6A14 was shown to be controlled from the cytoplasmic side by heat shock proteins, further exit from ER and formation of coatomer II (COPII) coated vesicles depends on specific interaction with COPII cargo-recognizing subunit SEC24C, phosphorylated by kinase AKT. Inhibition of heat shock proteins, known to be upregulated in cancer, directs SLC6A14 to degradation. Targeting proteins regulating SLC6A14 trafficking is proposed as an additional pharmacological treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Nałęcz
- Laboratory of Transport Through Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Ruffin M, Mercier J, Calmel C, Mésinèle J, Bigot J, Sutanto EN, Kicic A, Corvol H, Guillot L. Update on SLC6A14 in lung and gastrointestinal physiology and physiopathology: focus on cystic fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3311-3323. [PMID: 32166393 PMCID: PMC7426304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14) protein imports and concentrates all neutral amino acids as well as the two cationic acids lysine and arginine into the cytoplasm of different cell types. Primarily described as involved in several cancer and colonic diseases physiopathological mechanisms, the SLC6A14 gene has been more recently identified as a genetic modifier of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease severity. It was indeed shown to have a pleiotropic effect, modulating meconium ileus occurrence, lung disease severity, and precocity of P. aeruginosa airway infection. The biological mechanisms explaining the impact of SLC6A14 on intestinal and lung phenotypes of CF patients are starting to be elucidated. This review focuses on SLC6A14 in lung and gastrointestinal physiology and physiopathology, especially its involvement in the pathophysiology of CF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Julia Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Julie Mésinèle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.
| | - Loic Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint‑Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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16
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Ahmadi S, Wu YS, Li M, Ip W, Lloyd-Kuzik A, Di Paola M, Du K, Xia S, Lew A, Bozoky Z, Forman-Kay J, Bear CE, Gonska T. Augmentation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells via SLC6A14-Dependent Amino Acid Uptake. Implications for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:755-764. [PMID: 31189070 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0094oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC6A14-mediated l-arginine transport has been shown to augment the residual anion channel activity of the major mutant, F508del-CFTR, in the murine gastrointestinal tract. It is not yet known if this transporter augments residual and pharmacological corrected F508del-CFTR in primary airway epithelia. We sought to determine the role of l-arginine uptake via SLC6A14 in modifying F508del-CFTR channel activity in airway cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells from lung explants of patients without CF (HBE) and those with CF (CF-HBE) were used for H3-flux, airway surface liquid, and Ussing chamber studies. We used α-methyltryptophan as a specific inhibitor for SLC6A14. CFBE41o-, a commonly used CF airway cell line, was employed for studying the mechanism of the functional interaction between SLC6A14 and F508del-CFTR. SLC6A14 is functionally expressed in CF-HBE cells. l-arginine uptake via SLC6A14 augmented F508del-CFTR function at baseline and after treatment with lumacaftor. SLC6A14-mediated l-arginine uptake also increased the airway surface liquid in CF-HBE cells. Using CFBE41o cells, we showed that the positive SLC6A14 effect was mainly dependent on the nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, nitrogen oxides, including NO, and phosphorylation by protein kinase G. These finding were confirmed in CF-HBE, as inducible NO synthase inhibition abrogated the functional interaction between SLC6A14 and pharmacological corrected F508del-CFTR. In summary, SLC6A14-mediated l-arginine transport augments residual F508del-CFTR channel function via a noncanonical, NO pathway. This effect is enhanced with increasing pharmacological rescue of F508del-CFTR to the membrane. The current study demonstrates how endogenous pathways can be used for the development of companion therapy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology.,Programme in Molecular Medicine.,Programme in Genetics and Genome Biology, and
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Physiology.,Programme in Molecular Medicine
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wan Ip
- Programme in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Lloyd-Kuzik
- Department of Physiology.,Programme in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, and
| | - Sunny Xia
- Department of Physiology.,Programme in Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | - Julie Forman-Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, and.,Programme in Molecular Medicine
| | - Christine E Bear
- Department of Physiology.,Department of Biochemistry, and.,Programme in Molecular Medicine
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,Programme in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Scalise M, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Console L, Indiveri C. Glutamine transporters as pharmacological targets: From function to drug design. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:207-219. [PMID: 32373200 PMCID: PMC7193454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different targets of administered drugs, there are membrane transporters that play also a role in drug delivery and disposition. Moreover, drug-transporter interactions are responsible for off-target effects of drugs underlying their toxicity. The improvement of the drug design process is subjected to the identification of those membrane transporters mostly relevant for drug absorption, delivery and side effect production. A peculiar group of proteins with great relevance to pharmacology is constituted by the membrane transporters responsible for managing glutamine traffic in different body districts. The interest around glutamine metabolism lies in its physio-pathological role; glutamine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because highly proliferative cells have an increased request of glutamine that cannot be satisfied only by endogenous synthesis. Then, glutamine transporters provide cells with this special nutrient. Among the glutamine transporters, SLC1A5, SLC6A14, SLC6A19, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and some members of SLC38 family are the best characterized, so far, in both physiological and pathological conditions. Few 3D structures have been solved by CryoEM; other structural data on these transporters have been obtained by computational analysis. Interactions with drugs have been described for several transporters of this group. For some of them, the studies are at an advanced stage, for others, the studies are still in nuce and novel biochemical findings open intriguing perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
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18
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Ikpa PT, Meijsen KF, Nieuwenhuijze ND, Dulla K, de Jonge HR, Bijvelds MJ. Transcriptome analysis of the distal small intestine of Cftr null mice. Genomics 2020; 112:1139-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Dall'Asta V. y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 contribution to arginine uptake in different human cell models: Implications in the pathophysiology of Lysinuric Protein Intolerance. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:921-929. [PMID: 31705628 PMCID: PMC6933409 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
y+LAT1 (encoded by SLC7A7), together with y+LAT2 (encoded by SLC7A6), is the alternative light subunits composing the heterodimeric transport system y+L for cationic and neutral amino acids. SLC7A7 mutations cause lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), an inherited multisystem disease characterized by low plasma levels of arginine and lysine, protein-rich food intolerance, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, lung involvement, kidney failure, haematologic and immunological disorders. The reason for the heterogeneity of LPI symptoms is thus far only poorly understood. Here, we aimed to quantitatively compare the expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A6 among different human cell types and evaluate y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 contribution to arginine transport. We demonstrate that system y+L-mediated arginine transport is mainly accounted for by y+LAT1 in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and y+LAT2 in fibroblasts. The kinetic analysis of arginine transport indicates that y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 share a comparable affinity for the substrate. Differences have been highlighted in the expression of SLC7A6 and SLC7A7 mRNA among different cell models: while SLC7A6 is almost equally expressed, SLC7A7 is particularly abundant in MDM, intestinal Caco-2 cells and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpC). The characterization of arginine uptake demonstrates that system y+L is operative in renal cells and in Caco-2 where, at the basolateral side, it mediates arginine efflux in exchange with leucine plus sodium. These findings explain the defective absorption/reabsorption of arginine in LPI. Moreover, y+LAT1 is the prevailing transporter in MDM sustaining a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of immunological complications associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amelia Barilli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Dall'Asta
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMec), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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20
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Wu YS, Jiang J, Ahmadi S, Lew A, Laselva O, Xia S, Bartlett C, Ip W, Wellhauser L, Ouyang H, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Bear CE. ORKAMBI-Mediated Rescue of Mucociliary Clearance in Cystic Fibrosis Primary Respiratory Cultures Is Enhanced by Arginine Uptake, Arginase Inhibition, and Promotion of Nitric Oxide Signaling to the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:515-525. [PMID: 31427400 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ORKAMBI, a combination of the corrector, lumacaftor, and the potentiator, ivacaftor, partially rescues the defective processing and anion channel activity conferred by the major cystic fibrosis-causing mutation, F508del, in in vitro studies. Clinically, the improvement in lung function after ORKAMBI treatment is modest and variable, prompting the search for complementary interventions. As our previous work identified a positive effect of arginine-dependent nitric oxide signaling on residual F508del-Cftr function in murine intestinal epithelium, we were prompted to determine whether strategies aimed at increasing arginine would enhance F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel activity in patient-derived airway epithelia. Now, we show that the addition of arginine together with inhibition of intracellular arginase activity increased cytosolic nitric oxide and enhanced the rescue effect of ORKAMBI on F508del-CFTR-mediated chloride conductance at the cell surface of patient-derived bronchial and nasal epithelial cultures. Interestingly, arginine addition plus arginase inhibition also enhanced ORKAMBI-mediated increases in ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary movement, two in vitro CF phenotypes that are downstream of the channel defect. This work suggests that strategies to manipulate the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in combination with CFTR modulators may lead to improved clinical outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These proof-of-concept studies highlight the potential to boost the response to cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, lumacaftor and ivacaftor, in patient-derived airway tissues expressing the major CF-causing mutant, F508del-CFTR, by enhancing other regulatory pathways. In this case, we observed enhancement of pharmacologically rescued F508del-CFTR by arginine-dependent, nitric oxide signaling through inhibition of endogenous arginase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Wu
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Jiang
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saumel Ahmadi
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandria Lew
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunny Xia
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wan Ip
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh Wellhauser
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Programmes in Translational Medicine (Y.-S.W., C.B., W.I., H.O., T.G., T.J.M.) and Molecular Medicine (Y.-S.W., J.J., S.A., A.L., O.L., S.X., L.W., C.E.B.), Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.J.M.), Biochemistry (C.E.B.), Physiology (Y.-S.W., S.A., O.L., S.X., C.E.B.), and Paediatrics (T.G., T.J.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Abstract
The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important contributor to plasma amino acid homeostasis, while amino acid transport in the large intestine is more relevant for bacterial metabolites and fluid secretion. A number of rare inherited disorders have contributed to the identification of amino acid transporters in epithelial cells of the small intestine, in particular cystinuria, lysinuric protein intolerance, Hartnup disorder, iminoglycinuria, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. These are most readily detected by analysis of urine amino acids, but typically also affect intestinal transport. The genes underlying these disorders have all been identified. The remaining transporters were identified through molecular cloning techniques to the extent that a comprehensive portrait of functional cooperation among transporters of intestinal epithelial cells is now available for both the basolateral and apical membranes. Mouse models of most intestinal transporters illustrate their contribution to amino acid homeostasis and systemic physiology. Intestinal amino acid transport activities can vary between species, but these can now be explained as differences of amino acid transporter distribution along the intestine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:343-373, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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