1
|
Palathingal Bava E, Sanfrancesco JM, Alkashash A, Favazza L, Aldilami A, Williamson SR, Cheng L, Idrees MT, Al-Obaidy KI. Acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma: A clinicopathologic and molecular study of 31 tumors. Hum Pathol 2024; 149:48-54. [PMID: 38862094 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinomas (ACD-RCC) are rare and their molecular and histopathological characteristics are still being explored. We therefore investigated the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of 31 tumors. The patients were predominantly male (n = 30), with tumors mainly left-sided (n = 17), unifocal (n = 19), and unilateral (n = 29) and a mean tumor size of 25 mm (range, 3-65 mm). Microscopically, several histologic patterns were present, including pure classic sieve-like (n = 4), and varied proportions of mixed classic sieve-like with papillary (n = 23), tubulocystic (n = 9), compact tubular (n = 4) and solid (n = 1) patterns. Calcium-oxalate crystals were seen in all tumors. Molecular analysis of 9 tumors using next generation sequencing showed alterations in SMARCB1 in 3 tumors (1 with frameshift deletion and 2 with copy number loss in chromosome 22 involving SMARCB1 region), however, INI1 stain was retained in all. Nonrecurrent genetic alterations in SETD2, NF1, NOTCH4, BRCA2 and CANT1 genes were also seen. Additionally, MTOR p.Pro351Ser was identified in one tumor. Copy number analysis showed gains in chromosome 16 (n = 5), 17 (n = 2) and 8 (n = 2) as well as loss in chromosome 22 (n = 2). In summary, ACD-RCC is a recognized subtype of kidney tumors, with several histological architectural patterns. Our molecular data identifies genetic alterations in chromatin modifying genes (SMARCB1 and SETD2), which may suggest a role of such genes in ACD-RCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejas Palathingal Bava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | | | - Ahmed Alkashash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Laura Favazza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Akram Aldilami
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Mohammed T Idrees
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Khaleel I Al-Obaidy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mittal K, Cooper GW, Lee BP, Su Y, Skinner KT, Shim J, Jonus HC, Kim WJ, Doshi M, Almanza D, Kynnap BD, Christie AL, Yang X, Cowley GS, Leeper BA, Morton CL, Dwivedi B, Lawrence T, Rupji M, Keskula P, Meyer S, Clinton CM, Bhasin M, Crompton BD, Tseng YY, Boehm JS, Ligon KL, Root DE, Murphy AJ, Weinstock DM, Gokhale PC, Spangle JM, Rivera MN, Mullen EA, Stegmaier K, Goldsmith KC, Hahn WC, Hong AL. Targeting TRIP13 in favorable histology Wilms tumor with nuclear export inhibitors synergizes with doxorubicin. Commun Biol 2024; 7:426. [PMID: 38589567 PMCID: PMC11001930 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. Despite improvements in the overall survival, relapse occurs in ~15% of patients with favorable histology WT (FHWT). Half of these patients will succumb to their disease. Identifying novel targeted therapies remains challenging in part due to the lack of faithful preclinical in vitro models. Here we establish twelve patient-derived WT cell lines and demonstrate that these models faithfully recapitulate WT biology using genomic and transcriptomic techniques. We then perform loss-of-function screens to identify the nuclear export gene, XPO1, as a vulnerability. We find that the FDA approved XPO1 inhibitor, KPT-330, suppresses TRIP13 expression, which is required for survival. We further identify synergy between KPT-330 and doxorubicin, a chemotherapy used in high-risk FHWT. Taken together, we identify XPO1 inhibition with KPT-330 as a potential therapeutic option to treat FHWTs and in combination with doxorubicin, leads to durable remissions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Mittal
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Garrett W Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yongdong Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie T Skinner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mihir Doshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego Almanza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bryan D Kynnap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda L Christie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brittaney A Leeper
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taylor Lawrence
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Clinton
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian D Crompton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Radko-Juettner S, Yue H, Myers JA, Carter RD, Robertson AN, Mittal P, Zhu Z, Hansen BS, Donovan KA, Hunkeler M, Rosikiewicz W, Wu Z, McReynolds MG, Roy Burman SS, Schmoker AM, Mageed N, Brown SA, Mobley RJ, Partridge JF, Stewart EA, Pruett-Miller SM, Nabet B, Peng J, Gray NS, Fischer ES, Roberts CWM. Targeting DCAF5 suppresses SMARCB1-mutant cancer by stabilizing SWI/SNF. Nature 2024; 628:442-449. [PMID: 38538798 PMCID: PMC11184678 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Whereas oncogenes can potentially be inhibited with small molecules, the loss of tumour suppressors is more common and is problematic because the tumour-suppressor proteins are no longer present to be targeted. Notable examples include SMARCB1-mutant cancers, which are highly lethal malignancies driven by the inactivation of a subunit of SWI/SNF (also known as BAF) chromatin-remodelling complexes. Here, to generate mechanistic insights into the consequences of SMARCB1 mutation and to identify vulnerabilities, we contributed 14 SMARCB1-mutant cell lines to a near genome-wide CRISPR screen as part of the Cancer Dependency Map Project1-3. We report that the little-studied gene DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 5 (DCAF5) is required for the survival of SMARCB1-mutant cancers. We show that DCAF5 has a quality-control function for SWI/SNF complexes and promotes the degradation of incompletely assembled SWI/SNF complexes in the absence of SMARCB1. After depletion of DCAF5, SMARCB1-deficient SWI/SNF complexes reaccumulate, bind to target loci and restore SWI/SNF-mediated gene expression to levels that are sufficient to reverse the cancer state, including in vivo. Consequently, cancer results not from the loss of SMARCB1 function per se, but rather from DCAF5-mediated degradation of SWI/SNF complexes. These data indicate that therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin-mediated quality-control factors may effectively reverse the malignant state of some cancers driven by disruption of tumour suppressor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Radko-Juettner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Myers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Carter
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexis N Robertson
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Baranda S Hansen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moritz Hunkeler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meghan G McReynolds
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shourya S Roy Burman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Schmoker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nada Mageed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Mobley
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Janet F Partridge
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Cancer Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geller JI, Hong AL, Vallance KL, Evageliou N, Aldrink JH, Cost NG, Treece AL, Renfro LA, Mullen EA. Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Renal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 6:e30586. [PMID: 37477907 PMCID: PMC10529605 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Every year, approximately 600 infants, children, and adolescents are diagnosed with renal cancer in the United States. In addition to Wilms tumor (WT), which accounts for about 80% of all pediatric renal cancers, clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, renal cell carcinoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, as well as more rare cancers (other sarcomas, rare carcinomas, lymphoma) and benign tumors can originate within the kidney. WT itself can be divided into favorable histology (FHWT), with a 5-year overall survival (OS) exceeding 90%, and anaplastic histology, with 4-year OS of 73.7%. Outcomes of the other pediatric renal cancers include clear cell sarcoma (5-year OS: 90%), malignant rhabdoid tumor (5-year OS: 10% for stages 3 and 4), and renal cell carcinoma (4-year OS: 84.8%). Recent clinical trials have identified novel biological prognostic markers for FHWT, and a series of Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials have demonstrated improving outcomes with therapy modification, and opportunities for further care refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly L Vallance
- Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nick Evageliou
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas G Cost
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology and the Surgical Oncology Program at Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy L Treece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Blood Disorders and Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu X, Tan C, Zhu G. Clinical Characteristics of Molecularly Defined Renal Cell Carcinomas. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4763-4777. [PMID: 37367052 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney tumors comprise a broad spectrum of different histopathological entities, with more than 0.4 million newly diagnosed cases each year, mostly in middle-aged and older men. Based on the description of the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), some new categories of tumor types have been added according to their specific molecular typing. However, studies on these types of RCC are still superficial, many types of these RCC currently lack accurate diagnostic standards in the clinic, and treatment protocols are largely consistent with the treatment guidelines for clear cell RCC (ccRCC), which might result in worse treatment outcomes for patients with these types of molecularly defined RCC. In this article, we conduct a narrative review of the literature published in the last 15 years on molecularly defined RCC. The purpose of this review is to summarize the clinical features and the current status of research on the detection and treatment of molecularly defined RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Congzhu Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walhart TA, Vacca B, Hepperla AJ, Hamad SH, Petrongelli J, Wang Y, McKean EL, Moksa M, Cao Q, Yip S, Hirst M, Weissman BE. SMARCB1 Loss in Poorly Differentiated Chordomas Drives Tumor Progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:456-473. [PMID: 36657718 PMCID: PMC10123523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated (PD) chordoma, a rare, aggressive tumor originating from notochordal tissue, shows loss of SMARCB1 expression, a core component of the Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes. To determine the impact of SMARCB1 re-expression on cell growth and gene expression, two SMARCB1-negative PD chordoma cell lines with an inducible SMARCB1 expression system were generated. After 72 hours of induction of SMARCB1, both SMARCB1-negative PD chordoma cell lines continued to proliferate. This result contrasted with those observed with SMARCB1-negative rhabdoid cell lines in which SMARCB1 re-expression caused the rapid inhibition of growth. We found that the lack of growth inhibition may arise from the loss of CDKN2A (p16INK4A) expression in PD chordoma cell lines. RNA-sequencing of cell lines after SMARCB1 re-expression showed a down-regulation for rRNA and RNA processing as well as metabolic processing and increased expression of genes involved in cell adhesion, cell migration, and development. Taken together, these data establish that SMARCB1 re-expression in PD chordomas alters the repertoire of SWI/SNF complexes, perhaps restoring those associated with cellular differentiation. These novel findings support a model in which SMARCB1 inactivation blocks the conversion of growth-promoting SWI/SNF complexes to differentiation-inducing ones, and they implicate SMARCB1 loss as a late event in tumorigenic progression. Importantly, the absence of growth inhibition after SMARCB1 restoration creates a unique opportunity to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Walhart
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bryanna Vacca
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin J Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samera H Hamad
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James Petrongelli
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin L McKean
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michelle Moksa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bernard E Weissman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Yang X, Zhu W, Xu Y, Ma J, He C, Wang F. SWI/SNF complex gene variations are associated with a higher tumor mutational burden and a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment: a pan-cancer analysis of next-generation sequencing data corresponding to 4591 cases. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:347. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genes related to the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex are frequently mutated across cancers. SWI/SNF-mutant tumors are vulnerable to synthetic lethal inhibitors. However, the landscape of SWI/SNF mutations and their associations with tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not been elucidated in large real-world Chinese patient cohorts.
Methods
The mutational rates and variation types of six SWI/SNF complex genes (ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and PBRM1) were analyzed retrospectively by integrating next-generation sequencing data of 4591 cases covering 18 cancer types. Thereafter, characteristics of SWI/SNF mutations were depicted and the TMB and MSI status and therapeutic effects of ICIs in the SWI/SNF-mutant and SWI/SNF-non-mutant groups were compared.
Results
SWI/SNF mutations were observed in 21.8% of tumors. Endometrial (54.1%), gallbladder and biliary tract (43.4%), and gastric (33.9%) cancers exhibited remarkably higher SWI/SNF mutational rates than other malignancies. Further, ARID1A was the most frequently mutated SWI/SNF gene, and ARID1A D1850fs was identified as relatively crucial. The TMB value, TMB-high (TMB-H), and MSI-high (MSI-H) proportions corresponding to SWI/SNF-mutant cancers were significantly higher than those corresponding to SWI/SNF-non-mutant cancers (25.8 vs. 5.6 mutations/Mb, 44.3% vs. 10.3%, and 16.0% vs. 0.9%, respectively; all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, these indices were even higher for tumors with co-mutations of SWI/SNF genes and MLL2/3. Regarding immunotherapeutic effects, patients with SWI/SNF variations showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) rates than their SWI/SNF-non-mutant counterparts (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.44–0.72]; p < 0.0001), and PBRM1 mutations were associated with relatively better ICI treatment outcomes than the other SWI/SNF gene mutations (HR, 0.21 [95% CI 0.12–0.37]; p = 0.0007). Additionally, patients in the SWI/SNF-mutant + TMB-H (HR, 0.48 [95% CI 0.37–0.54]; p < 0.0001) cohorts had longer PFS rates than those in the SWI/SNF-non-mutant + TMB-low cohort.
Conclusions
SWI/SNF complex genes are frequently mutated and are closely associated with TMB-H status, MSI-H status, and superior ICI treatment response in several cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. These findings emphasize the necessity and importance of molecular-level detection and interpretation of SWI/SNF complex mutations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fincke VE, Krulik ME, Joshi P, Frühwald MC, Chen YB, Johann PD. Renal Medullary Carcinomas Harbor a Distinct Methylation Phenotype and Display Aberrant Methylation of Genes Related to Early Nephrogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205044. [PMID: 36291828 PMCID: PMC9599670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) are rare aggressive tumors of the kidneys, characterized by a loss of SMARCB1. Characteristically, these tumors arise in patients with sickle cell trait or other hemoglobinopathies. Recent characterization efforts have unraveled oncogenic pathways that drive tumorigenesis. Among these, gene sets that characterize replicative stress and the innate immune response are upregulated in RMCs. Despite comprehensive genetic and transcriptomic characterizations, commonalities or differences to other SMARCB1 deficient entities so far have not been investigated. We analyzed the methylome of seven primary RMC and compared it to other SMARCB1 deficient entities such as rhabdoid tumors (RT) and epithelioid sarcomas using 850 K methylation arrays. Moreover, we evaluated the differential gene expression of RMC using RNA-sequencing in comparison to other rhabdoid tumors. In accordance with previous gene expression data, we found that RMCs separate from other SMARCB1 deficient entities, pointing to a potentially different cell of origin and a role of additional genetic aberrations that may drive tumorigenesis and thus alter the methylome when compared to rhabdoid tumors. In a focused analysis of genes that are important for nephrogenesis, we particularly detected genes that govern early nephrogenesis such as FOXI1 to be hypomethylated and expressed at high levels in RMC. Overall, our analyses underscore the fact that RMCs represent a separate entity with limited similarities to rhabdoid tumors, warranting specific treatment tailored to the aggressiveness of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Fincke
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.E.F.); (P.D.J.)
| | - Mateja E. Krulik
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C. Frühwald
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pascal D. Johann
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.E.F.); (P.D.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooper GW, Hong AL. SMARCB1-Deficient Cancers: Novel Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153645. [PMID: 35892904 PMCID: PMC9332782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of SMARCB1 has been identified as the sole mutation in a number of rare pediatric and adult cancers, most of which have a poor prognosis despite intensive therapies including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Thus, a more robust understanding of the mechanisms driving this set of cancers is vital to improving patient treatment and outcomes. This review outlines recent advances made in our understanding of the function of SMARCB1 and how these advances have been used to discover putative therapeutic vulnerabilities. Abstract SMARCB1 is a critical component of the BAF complex that is responsible for global chromatin remodeling. Loss of SMARCB1 has been implicated in the initiation of cancers such as malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and, more recently, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). These SMARCB1-deficient tumors have remarkably stable genomes, offering unique insights into the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer biology. Given the lack of druggable targets and the high mortality associated with SMARCB1-deficient tumors, a significant research effort has been directed toward understanding the mechanisms of tumor transformation and proliferation. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumorigenicity arises from aberrant enhancer and promoter regulation followed by dysfunctional transcriptional control. In this review, we outline key mechanisms by which loss of SMARCB1 may lead to tumor formation and cover how these mechanisms have been used for the design of targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tourigny DS, Zucker M, Kim M, Russo P, Coleman J, Lee CH, Carlo MI, Chen YB, Hakimi AA, Kotecha RR, Reznik E. Molecular Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910147. [PMID: 35837094 PMCID: PMC9275834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly aggressive disease associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies and universal loss of the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1. RMC has a relatively low rate of incidence compared with other renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that has hitherto made molecular profiling difficult. To probe this rare disease in detail we performed an in-depth characterization of the RMC tumor microenvironment using a combination of genomic, metabolic and single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments on tissue from a representative untreated RMC patient, complemented by retrospective analyses of archival tissue and existing published data. Our study of the tumor identifies a heterogenous population of malignant cell states originating from the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle within the renal medulla. Transformed RMC cells displayed the hallmarks of increased resistance to cell death by ferroptosis and proteotoxic stress driven by MYC-induced proliferative signals. Specifically, genomic characterization of RMC tumors provides substantiating evidence for the recently proposed dependence of SMARCB1-difficient cancers on proteostasis modulated by an intact CDKN2A-p53 pathway. We also provide evidence that increased cystine-mTORC-GPX4 signaling plays a role in protecting transformed RMC cells against ferroptosis. We further propose that RMC has an immune landscape comparable to that of untreated RCCs, including heterogenous expression of the immune ligand CD70 within a sub-population of tumor cells. The latter could provide an immune-modulatory role that serves as a viable candidate for therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Tourigny
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Mark Zucker
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria I. Carlo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A. Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Ritesh R. Kotecha
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Ed Reznik
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su Y, Hong AL. Recent Advances in Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137097. [PMID: 35806102 PMCID: PMC9266801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare renal malignancy that has been associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies. RMC is aggressive, difficult to treat, and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. This cancer is driven by the loss of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor seen in a number of primarily rare childhood cancers (e.g., rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor). Treatment options remain limited due in part to the limited knowledge of RMC biology. However, significant advances have been made in unraveling the biology of RMC, from genomics to therapeutic targets, over the past 5 years. In this review, we will present these advances and discuss what new questions exist in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hwang JH, Arafeh R, Seo JH, Baca SC, Ludwig M, Arnoff TE, Sawyer L, Richter C, Tape S, Bergom HE, McSweeney S, Rennhack JP, Klingenberg SA, Cheung ATM, Kwon J, So J, Kregel S, Van Allen EM, Drake JM, Freedman ML, Hahn WC. CREB5 reprograms FOXA1 nuclear interactions to promote resistance to androgen receptor targeting therapies. eLife 2022; 11:73223. [PMID: 35550030 PMCID: PMC9135408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) are treated with therapies that antagonize the androgen receptor (AR). Nearly all patients develop resistance to AR-targeted therapies (ART). Our previous work identified CREB5 as an upregulated target gene in human mCRPC that promoted resistance to all clinically-approved ART. The mechanisms by which CREB5 promotes progression of mCRPC or other cancers remains elusive. Integrating ChIP-seq and rapid immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy of endogenous proteins (RIME), we report that cells overexpressing CREB5 demonstrate extensive reprogramming of nuclear protein-protein interactions in response to the ART agent enzalutamide. Specifically, CREB5 physically interacts with AR, the pioneering actor FOXA1, and other known co-factors of AR and FOXA1 at transcription regulatory elements recently found to be active in mCRPC patients. We identified a subset of CREB5/FOXA1 co-interacting nuclear factors that have critical functions for AR transcription (GRHL2, HOXB13) while others (TBX3, NFIC) regulated cell viability and ART resistance and were amplified or overexpressed in mCRPC. Upon examining the nuclear protein interactions and the impact of CREB5 expression on the mCRPC patient transcriptome, we found CREB5 was associated with Wnt signaling and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, implicating these pathways in CREB5/FOXA1-mediated ART resistance. Overall, these observations define the molecular interactions among CREB5, FOXA1, and pathways that promote ART resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Hwang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Rand Arafeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Sylvan C Baca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | | | - Lydia Sawyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Camden Richter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Sydney Tape
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Hannah E Bergom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Jonathan P Rennhack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Jason Kwon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jonathan So
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, United States
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Pharmacology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shapiro DD, Soeung M, Perelli L, Dondossola E, Surasi DS, Tripathi DN, Bertocchio JP, Carbone F, Starbuck MW, Van Alstine ML, Rao P, Katz MHG, Parker NH, Shah AY, Carugo A, Heffernan TP, Schadler KL, Logothetis C, Walker CL, Wood CG, Karam JA, Draetta GF, Tannir NM, Genovese G, Msaouel P. Association of High-Intensity Exercise with Renal Medullary Carcinoma in Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait: Clinical Observations and Experimental Animal Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236022. [PMID: 34885132 PMCID: PMC8656882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a lethal malignancy affecting individuals with sickle hemoglobinopathies. Currently, no modifiable risk factors are known. We aimed to determine whether high-intensity exercise is a risk factor for RMC in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT). We used multiple approaches to triangulate our conclusion. First, a case-control study was conducted at a single tertiary-care facility. Consecutive patients with RMC were compared to matched controls with similarly advanced genitourinary malignancies in a 1:2 ratio and compared on rates of physical activity and anthropometric measures, including skeletal muscle surface area. Next, we compared the rate of military service among our RMC patients to a similarly aged population of black individuals with SCT in the U.S. Further, we used genetically engineered mouse models of SCT to study the impact of exercise on renal medullary hypoxia. Compared with matched controls, patients with RMC reported higher physical activity and had higher skeletal muscle surface area. A higher proportion of patients with RMC reported military service than expected compared to the similarly-aged population of black individuals with SCT. When exposed to high-intensity exercise, mice with SCT demonstrated significantly higher renal medulla hypoxia compared to wild-type controls. These data suggest high-intensity exercise is the first modifiable risk factor for RMC in individuals with SCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Shapiro
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.D.S.); (C.G.W.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.S.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Devaki Shilpa Surasi
- Department of Nuclear Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Durga N. Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.N.T.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Bertocchio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.N.T.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Michael W. Starbuck
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
| | | | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Matthew H. G. Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nathan H. Parker
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Amishi Y. Shah
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.C.); (T.P.H.)
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.C.); (T.P.H.)
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keri L. Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.N.T.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Christopher G. Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.D.S.); (C.G.W.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Jose A. Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.D.S.); (C.G.W.); (J.A.K.)
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giulio F. Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.S.); (G.F.D.)
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.S.); (G.F.D.)
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.P.); (E.D.); (J.-P.B.); (F.C.); (M.W.S.); (A.Y.S.); (C.L.); (N.M.T.)
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.N.T.); (C.L.W.)
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The BAF chromatin remodeling complexes: structure, function, and synthetic lethalities. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1489-1503. [PMID: 34431497 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BAF complexes are multi-subunit chromatin remodelers, which have a fundamental role in genomic regulation. Large-scale sequencing efforts have revealed frequent BAF complex mutations in many human diseases, particularly in cancer and neurological disorders. These findings not only underscore the importance of the BAF chromatin remodelers in cellular physiological processes, but urge a more detailed understanding of their structure and molecular action to enable the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for diseases with BAF complex alterations. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the composition, assembly, structure, and function of BAF complexes, and the consequences of their disease-associated mutations. Furthermore, we highlight intra-complex subunit dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions, which have emerged as promising treatment modalities for BAF-related diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan KT, Kim H, Carrot-Zhang J, Zhang Y, Kim WJ, Kugener G, Wala JA, Howard TP, Chi YY, Beroukhim R, Li H, Ha G, Alper SL, Perlman EJ, Mullen EA, Hahn WC, Meyerson M, Hong AL. Haplotype-resolved germline and somatic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas. Genome Med 2021; 13:114. [PMID: 34261517 PMCID: PMC8281718 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal medullary carcinomas (RMCs) are rare kidney cancers that occur in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. Although RMC is associated with the sickle cell trait and somatic loss of the tumor suppressor, SMARCB1, the ancestral origins of RMC remain unknown. Further, characterization of structural variants (SVs) involving SMARCB1 in RMC remains limited. METHODS We used linked-read genome sequencing to reconstruct germline and somatic haplotypes in 15 unrelated patients with RMC registered on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) AREN03B2 study between 2006 and 2017 or from our prior study. We performed fine-mapping of the HBB locus and assessed the germline for cancer predisposition genes. Subsequently, we assessed the tumor samples for mutations outside of SMARCB1 and integrated RNA sequencing to interrogate the structural variants at the SMARCB1 locus. RESULTS We find that the haplotype of the sickle cell mutation in patients with RMC originated from three geographical regions in Africa. In addition, fine-mapping of the HBB locus identified the sickle cell mutation as the sole candidate variant. We further identify that the SMARCB1 structural variants are characterized by blunt or 1-bp homology events. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that RMC does not arise from a single founder population and that the HbS allele is a strong candidate germline allele which confers risk for RMC. Furthermore, we find that the SVs that disrupt SMARCB1 function are likely repaired by non-homologous end-joining. These findings highlight how haplotype-based analyses using linked-read genome sequencing can be applied to identify potential risk variants in small and rare disease cohorts and provide nucleotide resolution to structural variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Tong Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Aflac Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wanior M, Krämer A, Knapp S, Joerger AC. Exploiting vulnerabilities of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2021; 40:3637-3654. [PMID: 33941852 PMCID: PMC8154588 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multi-subunit ATPase-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non-fermentable) are fundamental epigenetic regulators of gene transcription. Functional genomic studies revealed a remarkable mutation prevalence of SWI/SNF-encoding genes in 20-25% of all human cancers, frequently driving oncogenic programmes. Some SWI/SNF-mutant cancers are hypersensitive to perturbations in other SWI/SNF subunits, regulatory proteins and distinct biological pathways, often resulting in sustained anticancer effects and synthetic lethal interactions. Exploiting these vulnerabilities is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we review the importance of SWI/SNF chromatin remodellers in gene regulation as well as mechanisms leading to assembly defects and their role in cancer development. We will focus in particular on emerging strategies for the targeted therapy of SWI/SNF-deficient cancers using chemical probes, including proteolysis targeting chimeras, to induce synthetic lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wanior
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dharia NV, Kugener G, Guenther LM, Malone CF, Durbin AD, Hong AL, Howard TP, Bandopadhayay P, Wechsler CS, Fung I, Warren AC, Dempster JM, Krill-Burger JM, Paolella BR, Moh P, Jha N, Tang A, Montgomery P, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Roberts CWM, McFarland JM, Tsherniak A, Golub TR, Vazquez F, Stegmaier K. A first-generation pediatric cancer dependency map. Nat Genet 2021; 53:529-538. [PMID: 33753930 PMCID: PMC8049517 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exciting therapeutic targets are emerging from CRISPR-based screens of high mutational-burden adult cancers. A key question, however, is whether functional genomic approaches will yield new targets in pediatric cancers, known for remarkably few mutations, which often encode proteins considered challenging drug targets. To address this, we created a first-generation pediatric cancer dependency map representing 13 pediatric solid and brain tumor types. Eighty-two pediatric cancer cell lines were subjected to genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screening to identify genes required for cell survival. In contrast to the finding that pediatric cancers harbor fewer somatic mutations, we found a similar complexity of genetic dependencies in pediatric cancer cell lines compared to that in adult models. Findings from the pediatric cancer dependency map provide preclinical support for ongoing precision medicine clinical trials. The vulnerabilities observed in pediatric cancers were often distinct from those in adult cancer, indicating that repurposing adult oncology drugs will be insufficient to address childhood cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Kugener
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lillian M Guenther
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare F Malone
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline S Wechsler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Fung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Phoebe Moh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nishant Jha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W M Roberts
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Todd R Golub
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric renal tumors account for 7% of new cancer diagnoses in children. Here, we will review results from recently completed clinical trials informing the current standard of care and discuss targeted and immune therapies being explored for the treatment of high risk or relapsed/refractory pediatric renal malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Cooperative group trials have continued to make improvements in the care of children with pediatric tumors. In particular, trials that standardize treatment of rare cancers (e.g., bilateral Wilms tumor) have improved outcomes significantly. We have seen improvements in event free and overall survival in recently completed clinical trials for many pediatric renal tumors. Still, there are subsets of rarer cancers where outcomes remain poor and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Future trials aim to balance treatment toxicity with treatment efficacy for those with excellent outcomes while identifying novel therapeutics for those with poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jain
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE , 400, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn S Sutton
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive NE, 434B, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, E-370, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsuda M, Fukuda A, Kawai M, Araki O, Seno H. The role of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:490-497. [PMID: 33301642 PMCID: PMC7894000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are a group of epigenetic regulators that can alter the assembly of nucleosomes and regulate the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA in order to modulate gene expression. One of these complexes, the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is mutated in more than 20% of human cancers. We have investigated the roles of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which is the most lethal type of cancer. Here, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the role of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic tumorigenesis and current knowledge about therapeutic strategies targeting the SWI/SNF complex in PDA. The subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 14% of human PDA. Recent studies have shown that they have context-dependent oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis. To target its tumor-suppressive properties, synthetic lethal strategies have recently been developed. In addition, their oncogenic properties could be novel therapeutic targets. The SWI/SNF subunits are potential therapeutic targets for PDA, and further understanding of the precise role of the SWI/SNF complex subunits in PDA is required for further development of novel strategies targeting SWI/SNF subunits against PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka‐sayama CityJapan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Munenori Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jardim DL, Millis SZ, Ross JS, Woo MS, Ali SM, Kurzrock R. Cyclin Pathway Genomic Alterations Across 190,247 Solid Tumors: Leveraging Large-Scale Data to Inform Therapeutic Directions. Oncologist 2021; 26:e78-e89. [PMID: 32885893 PMCID: PMC7794175 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the landscape of cyclin and interactive gene pathway alterations in 190,247 solid tumors. METHODS Using comprehensive genomic profiling (315 genes, >500× coverage), samples were analyzed for alterations in activating/sensitizing cyclin genes (CDK4 amplification, CDK6 amplification, CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, CDKN2B [loss], CDKN2A [loss], SMARCB1), hormone genes (estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], androgen receptor [AR]), and co-alterations in genes leading to cyclin inhibitor therapeutic resistance (RB1 and CCNE1). RESULTS Alterations in at least one cyclin activating/sensitizing gene occurred in 24% of malignancies. Tumors that frequently harbored at least one cyclin alteration were brain gliomas (47.1%), esophageal (40.3%) and bladder cancer (37.9%), and mesotheliomas (37.9%). The most frequent alterations included CDKN2A (13.9%) and CDKN2B loss (12.5%). Examples of unique patterns of alterations included CCND1 amplification in breast cancer (17.3%); CDK4 alterations in sarcomas (12%); CCND2 in testicular cancer (23.4%), and SMARCB1 mutations in kidney cancer (3% overall, 90% in malignant rhabdoid tumors). Alterations in resistance genes RB1 and CCNE1 affected 7.2% and 3.6% of samples. Co-occurrence analysis demonstrated a lower likelihood of concomitant versus isolated alterations in cyclin activating/sensitizing and resistance genes (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; p < .001), except in colorectal, cervical, and small intestine cancers. AR and cyclin activating/sensitizing alterations in prostate cancer co-occurred more frequently (vs. AR alterations and wild-type cyclin activating/sensitizing alterations) (OR, 1.79; p < .001) as did ESR1 and cyclin activating/sensitizing alterations in breast (OR, 1.62; p < .001) and cervical cancer (OR, 4.08; p = .04) (vs. ESR1 and cyclin wild-type activating/sensitizing alterations). CONCLUSION Cyclin pathway alterations vary according to tumor type/histology, informing opportunities for targeted therapy, including for rare cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Cyclin pathway genomic abnormalities are frequent in human solid tumors, with substantial variation according to tumor site and histology. Opportunities for targeted therapy emerge with comprehensive profiling of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis L. Jardim
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital Sirio LibanesSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
SMARCB1 Promotes Ubiquitination and Degradation of NR4A3 via Direct Interaction Driven by ROS in Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2048210. [PMID: 33163142 PMCID: PMC7604603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2048210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) protects the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) against hypoxia stress, whose expression is primarily reported to be governed at a transcriptional level. However, the regulation of NR4A3 in the protein level is largely unknown. Here, we report that NR4A3 protein abundance is decreased immensely in VEC injury induced by reoxygenation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD-R), which is significantly blocked by the administration of the antioxidative steroid TRIOL. Moreover, the notable improvement of NR4A3 and the alleviation of pulmonary endothelial barrier hyperpermeability induced by acute hypobaric hypoxia in cynomolgus monkeys are also observed after TRIOL administration. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreases NR4A3 protein abundance in VEC under OGD-R condition, which is reversed by TRIOL and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). TRIOL dose-dependently increases the NR4A3 protein level by inhibiting ubiquitination and ubiquitin proteasome system- (UPS-) mediated degradation rather than promoting its transcription. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we further identify the interaction between NR4A3 and SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1), and the DNA-binding domain of NR4A3 is required for this interaction. Knockdown of SMARCB1 reduces ubiquitination and degradation of NR4A3, suggesting the proubiquitylation effect of this interaction which is enhanced by ROS in VEC injury induced by OGD-R. In summary, our study here for the first time reveals a posttranslational regulation in SMARCB1-mediated NR4A3 protein degradation which is driven by ROS, providing further understanding of the impaired regulation of NR4A3-mediated prosurvival pathways under pathological condition in VEC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Testa U, Pelosi E, Castelli G. Genetic Alterations in Renal Cancers: Identification of The Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Initiation and Progression and of Therapeutic Targets. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E44. [PMID: 32751108 PMCID: PMC7459851 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7080044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) involves three most recurrent sporadic types: clear-cell RCC (70-75%, CCRCC), papillary RCCC (10-15%, PRCC), and chromophobe RCC (5%, CHRCC). Hereditary cases account for about 5% of all cases of RCC and are caused by germline pathogenic variants. Herein, we review how a better understanding of the molecular biology of RCCs has driven the inception of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Genomic research has identified relevant genetic alterations associated with each RCC subtype. Molecular studies have clearly shown that CCRCC is universally initiated by Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene dysregulation, followed by different types of additional genetic events involving epigenetic regulatory genes, dictating disease progression, aggressiveness, and differential response to treatments. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development and progression of RCC has considerably expanded treatment options; genomic data might guide treatment options by enabling patients to be matched with therapeutics that specifically target the genetic alterations present in their tumors. These new targeted treatments have led to a moderate improvement of the survival of metastatic RCC patients. Ongoing studies based on the combination of immunotherapeutic agents (immune check inhibitors) with VEGF inhibitors are expected to further improve the survival of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Msaouel P, Walker CL, Genovese G, Tannir NM. Molecular hallmarks of renal medullary carcinoma: more to c-MYC than meets the eye. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1777060. [PMID: 32944636 PMCID: PMC7469578 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1777060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a lethal disease that predominantly afflicts young individuals with sickle cell trait. Our recently reported molecular profiling of primary untreated RMC tissues elucidated distinct genomic and immune hallmarks of RMC, and identified MYC-induced replication stress as a targetable vulnerability for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
SMARCB1 Acts as a Quiescent Gatekeeper for Cell Cycle and Immune Response in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113969. [PMID: 32492816 PMCID: PMC7312701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARC) subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) is a core subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, one of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler complexes. The unique role of SMARCB1 has been reported in various cellular contexts. Here, we focused on the general role of the ubiquitous expression of SMARCB1 in a normal cell state. We selected ARPE19 (human primary retinal pigment epithelium) and IMR90 (from human fetal lung fibroblasts) cell lines as they have completely different contexts. Furthermore, although these cell lines have been immortalized, they are relatively close to normal human cells. The loss of SMARCB1 in ARPE19 and IMR90 cells reduced cell cycle progression via the upregulation of P21. Transcriptome analysis followed by SMARCB1 knockdown in both cell lines revealed that SMARCB1 was not only involved in cell maintenance but also conferred immunomodulation. Of note, SMARCB1 bound to interleukin (IL) 6 promoter in a steady state and dissociated in an active immune response state, suggesting that SMARCB1 was a direct repressor of IL6, which was further confirmed via loss- and gain-of-function studies. Taken together, we demonstrated that SMARCB1 is a critical gatekeeper molecule of the cell cycle and immune response.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei D, Yang Y, Ricketts CJ, Vocke CD, Ball MW, Sourbier C, Wangsa D, Wangsa D, Guha R, Zhang X, Wilson K, Chen L, Meltzer PS, Ried T, Thomas CJ, Merino MJ, Linehan WM. Novel renal medullary carcinoma cell lines, UOK353 and UOK360, provide preclinical tools to identify new therapeutic treatments. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:472-483. [PMID: 32259323 PMCID: PMC7383978 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive disease that predominantly afflicts individuals of African or Mediterranean descent with sickle cell trait. RMC comprises 1% of all renal cell carcinoma diagnoses with a median overall survival of 13 months. Patients are typically young (median age—22) and male (male:female ratio of 2:1) and tumors are characterized by complete loss of expression of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor protein. Due to the low incidence of RMC and the disease's aggressiveness, treatment decisions are often based on case reports. Thus, it is critical to develop preclinical models of RMC to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and to identify effective forms of therapy. Two novel cell line models, UOK353 and UOK360, were derived from primary RMCs that both demonstrated the characteristic SMARCB1 loss. Both cell lines overexpressed EZH2 and other members of the polycomb repressive complex and EZH2 inhibition in RMC tumor spheroids resulted in decreased viability. High throughput drug screening of both cell lines revealed several additional candidate compounds, including bortezomib that had both in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. The activity of bortezomib was shown to be partially dependent on increased oxidative stress as addition of the N‐acetyl cysteine antioxidant reduced the effect on cell proliferation. Combining bortezomib and cisplatin further decreased cell viability both in vitro and in vivo that single agent bortezomib treatment. The UOK353 and UOK360 cell lines represent novel preclinical models for the development of effective forms of therapy for RMC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mark W Ball
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Upregulation of Protein Synthesis and Proteasome Degradation Confers Sensitivity to Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Myc-Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030752. [PMID: 32235770 PMCID: PMC7140067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are among the most malignant brain tumors in early childhood and remain incurable. Myc-ATRT is driven by the Myc oncogene, which directly controls the intracellular protein synthesis rate. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a primary treatment for multiple myeloma. This study aimed to determine whether the upregulation of protein synthesis and proteasome degradation in Myc-ATRTs increases tumor cell sensitivity to BTZ. We performed differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis on matched primary and recurrent patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples from an infant with ATRT. Concomitant upregulation of the Myc pathway, protein synthesis and proteasome degradation were identified in recurrent ATRTs. Additionally, we found the proteasome-encoding genes were highly expressed in ATRTs compared with in normal brain tissues, correlated with the malignancy of tumor cells and were essential for tumor cell survival. BTZ inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis through the accumulation of p53 in three human Myc-ATRT cell lines (PDX-derived tumor cell line Re1-P6, BT-12 and CHLA-266). Furthermore, BTZ inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in Myc-ATRT orthotopic xenograft mice. Our findings suggest that BTZ may be a promising targeted therapy for Myc-ATRTs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Adashek JJ, Leonard A, Roszik J, Menta AK, Genovese G, Subbiah V, Msaouel P. Cancer Genetics and Therapeutic Opportunities in Urologic Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030710. [PMID: 32197306 PMCID: PMC7140104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to summarize the current literature on genetic alterations related to tumors of the genitourinary tract. Novel associations have recently been reported between specific DNA alterations and genitourinary malignancies. The most common cause of chromosome 3p loss in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a chromothripsis event, which concurrently generates a chromosome 5q gain. Specific patterns of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastatic evolution have been uncovered. The first therapy targeting a specific molecular alteration has now been approved for urothelial carcinoma. Germline mutations in DNA damage repair genes and the transcription factor HOXB13 are associated with prostate cancer and may be targeted therapeutically. The genetic associations noted across different genitourinary cancers can inform potential screening approaches and guide novel targeted treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Adashek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Alex Leonard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Arjun K. Menta
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Pediatric and adolescent renal tumors account for approximately 7% of all new cancer diagnoses in the USA each year. The prognosis and treatment are varied based on factors including the underlying histology and tumor stage, with survival rates ranging from greater than 90% in favorable histology Wilms tumor to almost universally fatal in other disease types, including those patients with advanced stage malignant rhabdoid tumor and renal medullary carcinoma. In recent years, our understanding of the underlying genetic drivers of the different types of pediatric kidney cancer has dramatically increased, opening the door to utilization of new targeted biologic agents alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy to improve outcomes. Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating the use of a variety of targeted agents in pediatric patients with underlying genetic aberrations. In this manuscript, the underlying biology and early phase clinical trials relevant to pediatric renal cancers are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Walz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - James I Geller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chong WC, Cain JE. Lessons learned from the developmental origins of childhood renal cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2561-2577. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chin Chong
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jason E. Cain
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chabanon RM, Morel D, Postel-Vinay S. Exploiting epigenetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors: Novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of SWI/SNF-defective cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:180-198. [PMID: 31568814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (mSWI/SNF) family complexes are pivotal elements of the chromatin remodeling machinery, which contribute to the regulation of several major cellular functions. Large-scale exome-wide sequencing studies have identified mutations in genes encoding mSWI/SNF subunits in 20% of all human cancers, establishing mSWI/SNF deficiency as a recurrent oncogenic alteration. Accumulating evidence now supports that several mSWI/SNF defects represent targetable vulnerabilities in cancer; notably, recent research advances have unveiled unexpected synthetic lethal opportunities that foster the development of novel biomarker-driven and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of mSWI/SNF-deficient tumors. Here, we review the latest breakthroughs and discoveries that inform our understanding of the mSWI/SNF complexes biology in carcinogenesis, and discuss the most promising therapeutic strategies to target mSWI/SNF defects in human solid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Chabanon
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, France; CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daphné Morel
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médicine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; DITEP (Département d'Innovations Thérapeutiques et Essais Précoces), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Targeting proteostasis and autophagy in SMARCB1-deficient malignancies: where next? Oncotarget 2019; 10:3979-3981. [PMID: 31258836 PMCID: PMC6592295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
32
|
Hong AL, Tseng YY, Wala JA, Kim WJ, Kynnap BD, Doshi MB, Kugener G, Sandoval GJ, Howard TP, Li J, Yang X, Tillgren M, Ghandi M, Sayeed A, Deasy R, Ward A, McSteen B, Labella KM, Keskula P, Tracy A, Connor C, Clinton CM, Church AJ, Crompton BD, Janeway KA, Van Hare B, Sandak D, Gjoerup O, Bandopadhayay P, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Root DE, Gokhale PC, Chi SN, Mullen EA, Roberts CW, Kadoch C, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Boehm JS, Hahn WC. Renal medullary carcinomas depend upon SMARCB1 loss and are sensitive to proteasome inhibition. eLife 2019; 8:44161. [PMID: 30860482 PMCID: PMC6436895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and deadly kidney cancer in patients of African descent with sickle cell trait. We have developed faithful patient-derived RMC models and using whole-genome sequencing, we identified loss-of-function intronic fusion events in one SMARCB1 allele with concurrent loss of the other allele. Biochemical and functional characterization of these models revealed that RMC requires the loss of SMARCB1 for survival. Through integration of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function genetic screens and a small-molecule screen, we found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was essential in RMC. Inhibition of the UPS caused a G2/M arrest due to constitutive accumulation of cyclin B1. These observations extend across cancers that harbor SMARCB1 loss, which also require expression of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2C. Our studies identify a synthetic lethal relationship between SMARCB1-deficient cancers and reliance on the UPS which provides the foundation for a mechanism-informed clinical trial with proteasome inhibitors. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC for short) is a rare type of kidney cancer that affects teenagers and young adults. These patients are usually of African descent and carry one of the two genetic changes that cause sickle cell anemia. RMC is an aggressive disease without effective treatments and patients survive, on average, for only six to eight months after their diagnosis. Recent genetic studies found that most RMC cells have mutations that prevent them from producing a protein called SMARCB1. SMARCB1 normally acts as a so-called tumor suppressor, preventing cells from becoming cancerous. However, it was not clear whether RMCs always have to lose SMARCB1 if they are to survive and grow. Often, diseases are studied using laboratory-grown cells and tissues that have certain features of the disease. No such models had been created for RMC, which has slowed efforts to understand how the disease develops and find new treatments for it. Hong et al. therefore worked with patients to develop new lines of cells that can be used to study RMC in the laboratory. These RMC cells started dying when they were given copies of the SMARCB1 gene, which supports the theory that RMCs have to lose SMARCB1 in order to grow. Hong et al. then used a set of genetic reagents that can suppress or delete genes that are targeted by drugs, and followed this by testing a range of drugs on the RMC cells. Drugs and genetic reagents that reduced the activity of the proteasome – the structure inside cells that gets rid of old or unwanted proteins – caused the RMC cells to die. These proteasome inhibitor drugs also killed other kinds of cancer cells with SMARCB1 mutations. Proteasome inhibitors are already used to treat different types of cancer. Potentially, a clinical trial could be run to see if they will treat patients whose cancers lack SMARCB1. Further work is also needed to determine the exact link between SMARCB1 and the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Won-Jun Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Mihir B Doshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Gabriel J Sandoval
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ji Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Mahmhoud Ghandi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abeer Sayeed
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rebecca Deasy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abigail Ward
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Brian McSteen
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | | | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Adam Tracy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Cora Connor
- RMC Support, North Charleston, United States
| | - Catherine M Clinton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Brian D Crompton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - David Sandak
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Susan N Chi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|