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Abele TJ, Billman ZP, Harvest CK, Bryan AK, Larson HN, Coers J, Miao EA. Overexpression of T3SS translocation signals in Salmonella causes delayed attenuation. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0032923. [PMID: 38084951 PMCID: PMC10790824 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00329-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineering pathogens is a useful method for discovering new details of microbial pathogenesis and host defense. However, engineering can result in off-target effects. We previously engineered Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to overexpress the secretion signal of the type 3 secretion system effector SspH1 fused with domains of other proteins as cargo. Such engineering had no virulence cost to the bacteria for the first 48 hours post infection in mice. Here, we show that after 48 hours, the engineered bacteria manifest an attenuation that correlates with the quantity of the SspH1 translocation signal expressed. In IFN-γ-deficient mice, this attenuation was weakened. Conversely, the attenuation was accelerated in the context of a pre-existing infection. We speculate that inflammatory signals change aspects of the target cell's physiology, which makes host cells less permissive to S. Typhimurium infection. This increased degree of difficulty requires the bacteria to utilize its T3SS at peak efficiency, which can be disrupted by engineered effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Abele
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary P. Billman
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carissa K. Harvest
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexia K. Bryan
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather N. Larson
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward A. Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Taylor SJ, Winter MG, Gillis CC, Silva LAD, Dobbins AL, Muramatsu MK, Jimenez AG, Chanin RB, Spiga L, Llano EM, Rojas VK, Kim J, Santos RL, Zhu W, Winter SE. Colonocyte-derived lactate promotes E. coli fitness in the context of inflammation-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:200. [PMID: 36434690 PMCID: PMC9701030 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation disrupts the microbiota composition leading to an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae family members (dysbiosis). Associated with this shift in microbiota composition is a profound change in the metabolic landscape of the intestine. It is unclear how changes in metabolite availability during gut inflammation impact microbial and host physiology. RESULTS We investigated microbial and host lactate metabolism in murine models of infectious and non-infectious colitis. During inflammation-associated dysbiosis, lactate levels in the gut lumen increased. The disease-associated spike in lactate availability was significantly reduced in mice lacking the lactate dehydrogenase A subunit in intestinal epithelial cells. Commensal E. coli and pathogenic Salmonella, representative Enterobacteriaceae family members, utilized lactate via the respiratory L-lactate dehydrogenase LldD to increase fitness. Furthermore, mice lacking the lactate dehydrogenase A subunit in intestinal epithelial cells exhibited lower levels of inflammation in a model of non-infectious colitis. CONCLUSIONS The release of lactate by intestinal epithelial cells during gut inflammation impacts the metabolism of gut-associated microbial communities. These findings suggest that during intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, changes in metabolite availability can perpetuate colitis-associated disturbances of microbiota composition. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah J Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria G Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Caroline C Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Novome Biotechnologies, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Laice Alves da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Dobbins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew K Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Angel G Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachael B Chanin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, Hematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Ernesto M Llano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vivian K Rojas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Zheng L, Duan SL, Dai YC, Wu SC. Role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11671-11689. [PMID: 36405271 PMCID: PMC9669839 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalances play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no single pathogenic microorganism critical to IBD that is specific to the IBD terminal ileum mucosa or can invade intestinal epithelial cells has been found. Invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion to macrophages is considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Further study of the specific biological characteristics of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) may contribute to a further understanding of IBD pathogenesis. This review explores the relationship between AIEC and the intestinal immune system, discusses the prevalence and relevance of AIEC in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, and describes the relationship between AIEC and the disease site, activity, and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate AIEC colonization in the intestinal mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, antibiotics, and anti-adhesion molecules. These strategies may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Proctology, Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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Cui Y, Wang H, Guo F, Cao X, Wang X, Zeng X, Cui G, Lin J, Xu F. Monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive ELISA for quantitative detection of Enterobacteriaceae siderophore enterobactin. Food Chem 2022; 391:133241. [PMID: 35598389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterobactin (Ent) is a promising indicator to monitor intestinal level of Enterobacteriaceae for assessment of gut inflammation. In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based ELISA for Ent quantification. We immunized mice with an Ent conjugate vaccine. An mAb named 2E4, with the highest anti-Ent antibody titer, was selected for developing indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA). The purified mAb 2E4 showed high affinity (3.1 × 10-10 M) and specificity to Ent. The limit of detection of ic-ELISA was 0.39 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-assay recovery rates of standard curve were up to 94.6% with the coefficients of variation between 4.0% and 12.3%, indicating high accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the ic-ELISA. In addition, the ic-ELISA was able to quantitatively detect Ent produced in different bacterial cultures. Collectively, this study developed an ic-ELISA with excellent performance in Ent quantification, laying a solid foundation for Ent-based diagnostics of gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoya Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Guolin Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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The Metabolic Adaptation in Response to Nitrate Is Critical for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Growth and Pathogenicity under the Regulation of NarQ/P. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0023922. [PMID: 35938858 PMCID: PMC9476948 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00239-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate metabolism is an adaptation mechanism used by many bacteria for survival in anaerobic environments. As a by-product of inflammation, nitrate is used by the intestinal bacterial pathogens to enable gut infection. However, the responses of bacterial respiratory pathogens to nitrate are less well understood. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important bacterial respiratory pathogen of swine. Previous studies have suggested that adaptation of A. pleuropneumoniae to anaerobiosis is important for infection. In this work, A. pleuropneumoniae growth and pathogenesis in response to the nitrate were investigated. Nitrate significantly promoted A. pleuropneumoniae growth under anaerobic conditions in vitro and lethality in mice. By using narQ and narP deletion mutants and single-residue-mutated complementary strains of ΔnarQ, the two-component system NarQ/P was confirmed to be critical for nitrate-induced growth, with Arg50 in NarQ as an essential functional residue. Transcriptome analysis showed that nitrate upregulated multiple energy-generating pathways, including nitrate metabolism, mannose and pentose metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism via the regulation of NarQ/P. Furthermore, narQ, narP, and its target gene encoding the nitrate reductase Nap contributed to the pathogenicity of A. pleuropneumoniae. The Nap inhibitor tungstate significantly reduced the survival of A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo, suggesting that Nap is a potential drug target. These results give new insights into how the respiratory pathogen A. pleuropneumoniae utilizes the alternative electron acceptor nitrate to overcome the hypoxia microenvironment, which can occur in the inflammatory or necrotic infected tissues.
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Abstract
It is now 75 years since Marjory Stephenson became the second President of the Society for General Microbiology (SGM). Around the time of her death at the end of 1948 many articles appeared extolling Marjory Stephenson’s contribution to the fields of Biochemistry and Microbiology. Not that much has been written about her since that time, which is unfortunate. Therefore, this brief review is intended as a form of redress and aims to highlight the role of this remarkable scientist in establishing the Society and in promoting Microbiology as a discipline. Notwithstanding the significance of these achievements, however, it is her overall impact on the field of ‘Chemical Microbiology’ and what she achieved through her research that are extraordinary, even by today’s standards. Marjory Stephenson recognized that in order to understand a biological system, the ‘whole’ organism must be considered and this can only be achieved by adopting an interdisciplinary approach: inorganic and organic chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, metabolism and ultimately physiology. Her scientific ethos serves today as a beacon for how scientific research should be conducted, and what we as scientists can learn about how to inspire and mentor the next generation. It is impossible to overstate Marjory Stephenson’s scientific legacy, or her overall contribution to Microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sargent
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - R Gary Sawers
- Institute for Biology/ Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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C4-dicarboxylates as growth substrates and signaling molecules for commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria in mammalian intestine. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0054521. [PMID: 34978458 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00545-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C4-dicarboxylates (C4-DC) L-aspartate and L-malate have been identified as playing an important role in the colonization of mammalian intestine by enteric bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, and succinate as a signaling molecule for host-enteric bacteria interaction. Thus, endogenous and exogenous fumarate respiration and related functions are required for efficient initial growth of the bacteria. L-aspartate represents a major substrate for fumarate respiration in the intestine and a high-quality substrate for nitrogen assimilation. During nitrogen assimilation, DcuA catalyzes an L-aspartate/fumarate antiport and serves as a nitrogen shuttle for the net uptake of ammonium only, whereas DcuB acts as a redox shuttle that catalyzes the L-malate/succinate antiport during fumarate respiration. The C4-DC two-component system DcuS-DcuR is active in the intestine and responds to intestinal C4-DC levels. Moreover, in macrophages and in mice, succinate is a signal that promotes virulence and survival of S. Tm and pathogenic E. coli. On the other hand, intestinal succinate is an important signaling molecule for the host and activates response and protective programs. Therefore, C4-DCs play a major role in supporting colonization of enteric bacteria and as signaling molecules for the adaptation of host physiology.
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