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Rashed N, Liu W, Zhou X, Bode AM, Luo X. The role of circadian gene CLOCK in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119782. [PMID: 38871225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) is one of the circadian clock genes and is considered to be a fundamental regulatory gene in the circadian rhythm, responsible for mediating several biological processes. Therefore, abnormal expression of CLOCK affects its role in the circadian clock and its more general function as a direct regulator of gene expression. This dysfunction can lead to severe pathological effects, including cancer. To better understand the role of CLOCK in cancer, we compiled this review to describe the biological function of CLOCK, and especially highlighted its function in cancer development, progression, tumor microenvironment, cancer cell metabolism, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasot Rashed
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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2
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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Johanson QS, Sachs N, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Patel VI, Maegdefessel L, Zhang H, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis Is a Smooth Muscle Cell-Driven Tumor-Like Disease. Circulation 2024; 149:1885-1898. [PMID: 38686559 PMCID: PMC11164647 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, involves the pathological activation of various cell types, including immunocytes (eg, macrophages and T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that transition of SMCs to other cell types, known as phenotypic switching, plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. However, the characteristics of SMC-derived cells and the underlying mechanisms of SMC transition in disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Our objective is to characterize tumor cell-like behaviors of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis, with the ultimate goal of developing interventions targeting SMC transition for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. METHODS We used SMC lineage tracing mice and human tissues and applied a range of methods, including molecular, cellular, histological, computational, human genetics, and pharmacological approaches, to investigate the features of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis. RESULTS SMC-derived cells in mouse and human atherosclerosis exhibit multiple tumor cell-like characteristics, including genomic instability, evasion of senescence, hyperproliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. Specific expression of the oncogenic mutant KrasG12D in SMCs accelerates phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide proof of concept that niraparib, an anticancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis is an SMC-driven tumor-like disease, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for innovative precision molecular strategies aimed at preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quinian S. Johanson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Virendra I. Patel
- Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Interventions, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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Yoshida Y, Fukuda T, Tanihara T, Nishikawa N, Iwasa S, Adachi S, Zaitsu O, Terada Y, Tsukamoto R, Shimoshikiryo H, Fukuoka K, Tsurusaki F, Hamamura K, Oyama K, Tsuruta A, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N, Ohdo S. Circadian rhythms in CYP2A5 expression underlie the time-dependent effect of tegafur on breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149813. [PMID: 38522403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent tegafur, a prodrug that prolongs the half-life of fluorouracil (5-FU), exerts antitumor effects against various cancers. Since tegafur is metabolized to 5-FU by CYP2A6 in the liver, the expression of CYP2A6 determines the effect of tegafur. Here, we report that the expression rhythm of Cyp2a5, a homolog of human CYP2A6, in female mice causes dosing time-dependent differences in tegafur metabolism. In the livers of female mice, CYP2A5 expression showed a circadian rhythm, peaking during the dark period. This rhythm is regulated by RORA, a core clock component, and abrogation of the CYP2A5 activity abolished the time-dependent difference in the rate of tegafur metabolism in female mice. Furthermore, administration of tegafur to mice transplanted with 4T1 breast cancer cells during the dark period suppressed increases in tumor size compared to female mice treated during the light period. Our findings reveal a novel relationship between 5-FU prodrugs and circadian clock machinery, potentially influencing antitumor effects, and contributing to the development of time-aware chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Fukuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Serina Iwasa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoka Adachi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Orion Zaitsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Terada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tsukamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimoshikiryo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukuoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tsurusaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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4
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Zakic T, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Cvoro A, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Redox and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 38140817 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox and metabolic processes are tightly coupled in both physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, their integration occurs at multiple levels and is characterized by synchronized reprogramming both in the tumor tissue and its specific but heterogeneous microenvironment. In breast cancer, the principal microenvironment is the cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT). Understanding how the redox-metabolic reprogramming becomes coordinated in human breast cancer is imperative both for cancer prevention and for the establishment of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the redox profiles and regulation of intermediary metabolism in breast cancer while considering the tumor and CAAT of breast cancer as a unique Warburg's pseudo-organ. As cancer is now recognized as a systemic metabolic disease, we have paid particular attention to the cell-specific redox-metabolic reprogramming and the roles of estrogen receptors and circadian rhythms, as well as their crosstalk in the development, growth, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Ohdo S, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N. Implications of biological clocks in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of antitumor drugs. J Control Release 2023; 364:490-507. [PMID: 37918485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalians' circadian pacemaker resides in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). SCN control biological rhythms such as the sleep-wake rhythm and homeostatic functions of steroid hormones and their receptors. Alterations in these biological rhythms are implicated in the outcomes of pathogenic conditions such as depression, diabetes, and cancer. Chronotherapy is about optimizing treatment to combat risks and intensity of the disease symptoms that vary depending on the time of day. Thus, conditions/diseases such as allergic rhinitis, arthritis, asthma, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and peptic ulcer disease, prone to manifest severe symptoms depending on the time of day, would be benefited from chronotherapy. Monitoring rhythm, overcoming rhythm disruption, and manipulating the rhythms from the viewpoints of underlying molecular clocks are essential to enhanced chronopharmacotherapy. New drugs focused on molecular clocks are being developed to improve therapeutics. In this review, we provide a critical summary of literature reports concerning (a) the rationale/mechanisms for time-dependent dosing differences in therapeutic outcomes and safety of antitumor drugs, (b) the molecular pathways underlying biological rhythms, and (c) the possibility of pharmacotherapy based on the intra- and inter-individual variabilities from the viewpoints of the clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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6
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Kaneko H, Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K. Artificial induction of circadian rhythm by combining exogenous BMAL1 expression and polycomb repressive complex 2 inhibition in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:200. [PMID: 37421441 PMCID: PMC11072008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiology of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is necessary for directed differentiation, mimicking embryonic development, and regenerative medicine applications. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit unique abilities such as self-renewal and pluripotency, but they lack some functions that are associated with normal somatic cells. One such function is the circadian oscillation of clock genes; however, whether or not PSCs demonstrate this capability remains unclear. In this study, the reason why circadian rhythm does not oscillate in human iPSCs was examined. This phenomenon may be due to the transcriptional repression of clock genes resulting from the hypermethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), or it may be due to the low levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) protein. Therefore, BMAL1-overexpressing cells were generated and pre-treated with GSK126, an inhibitor of enhancer of zest homologue 2 (EZH2), which is a methyltransferase of H3K27 and a component of polycomb repressive complex 2. Consequently, a significant circadian rhythm following endogenous BMAL1, period 2 (PER2), and other clock gene expression was induced by these two factors, suggesting a candidate mechanism for the lack of rhythmicity of clock gene expression in iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Enokizu 137-1, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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7
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Ortega-Campos SM, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama-Roig A, Blanco JR, Carnero A. Interactions of circadian clock genes with the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188900. [PMID: 37105413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery of the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes and processes in the organism, allowing the adaptation of cellular activities to the daily light-dark cycles. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to various pathologies, including cancer. Thus, disturbance of the normal circadian clock at both genetic and environmental levels has been described as an independent risk factor for cancer. In addition, researchers have proposed that circadian genes may have a tissue-dependent and/or context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and may function both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Finally, circadian clock core genes may trigger or at least be involved in different hallmarks of cancer. Hence, expanding the knowledge of the molecular basis of the circadian clock would be helpful to identify new prognostic markers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ortega-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - José R Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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8
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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis is a smooth muscle cell-driven tumor-like disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531330. [PMID: 36945644 PMCID: PMC10028828 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease involving pathological activation of multiple cell types, such as immunocytes (e.g., macrophage, T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that SMC "phenotypic switching" plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. Yet, SMC roles and mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, employing SMC lineage tracing mice, comprehensive molecular, cellular, histological, and computational profiling, coupled to genetic and pharmacological studies, we reveal that atherosclerosis, in terms of SMC behaviors, share extensive commonalities with tumors. SMC-derived cells in the disease show multiple characteristics of tumor cell biology, including genomic instability, replicative immortality, malignant proliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. SMC-specific expression of oncogenic KrasG12D accelerates SMC phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Moreover, we present a proof of concept showing that niraparib, an anti-cancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. Our work provides systematic evidence that atherosclerosis is a tumor-like disease, deepening the understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for novel precision molecular strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Potential Role of the Circadian Clock in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214181. [PMID: 36430659 PMCID: PMC9698777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles as well as hormonal, immune, metabolic, and cell proliferation rhythms, are fundamental biological processes driven by a cellular time-keeping system called the circadian clock. Disruptions in these rhythms due to genetic alterations or irregular lifestyles cause fundamental changes in physiology, from metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation, resulting in pathological consequences including cancer. Cancer cells are not uniform and static but exist as different subtypes with phenotypic and functional differences in the tumor microenvironment. At the top of the heterogeneous tumor cell hierarchy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing and multi-potent cancer cell type, are most responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis, chemoresistance, and mortality. Phenotypically, CSCs are associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells with increased motility and invasion ability that is characteristic of malignant and drug-resistant stem cells. Recently, emerging studies of different cancer types, such as glioblastoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, suggest that the circadian clock plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC/EMT characteristics. In this review, we describe recent discoveries regarding how tumor intrinsic and extrinsic circadian clock-regulating factors affect CSC evolution, highlighting the possibility of developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies that could be used against CSCs to fight cancer.
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10
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Optimization of 3D-aggregated spheroid model (3D-ASM) for selecting high efficacy drugs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18937. [PMID: 36344810 PMCID: PMC9640609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods have been developed to implement tumor models similar to in vivo. However, the conventional 3D cell culture method has limitations such as difficulty in using an extracellular matrix (ECM), low experimental reproducibility, complex 3D cell culture protocol, and difficulty in applying to high array plates such as 96- or 384-plates. Therefore, detailed protocols related to robust 3D-aggregated spheroid model (3D-ASM) production were optimized and proposed. A specially designed wet chamber was used to implement 3D-ASM using the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and the conditions were established for the icing step to aggregate the cells in one place and optimized ECM gelation step. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining is mainly used to simultaneously analyze drug efficacy and changes in drug-target biomarkers. By applying the IF staining method to the 3D-ASM model, confocal microscopy imaging and 3D deconvolution image analysis were also successfully performed. Through a comparative study of drug response with conventional 2D-high throughput screening (HTS), the 3D-HTS showed a more comprehensive range of drug efficacy analyses for HCC cell lines and enabled selective drug efficacy analysis for the FDA-approved drug sorafenib. This suggests that increased drug resistance under 3D-HTS conditions does not reduce the analytical discrimination of drug efficacy, also drug efficacy can be analyzed more selectively compared to the conventional 2D-HTS assay. Therefore, the 3D-HTS-based drug efficacy analysis method using an automated 3D-cell spotter/scanner, 384-pillar plate/wet chamber, and the proposed 3D-ASM fabrication protocol is a very suitable platform for analyzing target drug efficacy in HCC cells.
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11
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Bhatt R, Ravi D, Evens AM, Parekkadan B. Scaffold-mediated switching of lymphoma metabolism in culture. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 36224623 PMCID: PMC9559005 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for about a third of all NHL cases. A significant proportion (~40%) of treated DLBCL patients develop refractory or relapsed disease due to drug resistance which can be attributed to metabolomic and genetic variations amongst diverse DLBCL subtypes. An assay platform that reproduces metabolic patterns of DLBCL in vivo could serve as a useful model for DLBCL. Methods This report investigated metabolic functions in 2D and 3D cell cultures using parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines as compared to patient biopsy tissue. Results A 3D culture model controlled the proliferation of parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines, SUDHL-10, SUDHL-10 RR (rituximab resistant), and SUDHL-10 OR (obinutuzumab resistant), as well as retained differential sensitivity to CHOP. The results from metabolic profiling and isotope tracer studies with d-glucose-13C6 indicated metabolic switching in 3D culture when compared with a 2D environment. Analysis of DLBCL patient tumor tissue revealed that the metabolic changes in 3D grown cells were shifted towards that of clinical specimens. Conclusion 3D culture restrained DLBCL cell line growth and modulated metabolic pathways that trend towards the biological characteristics of patient tumors. Counter-intuitively, this research thereby contends that 3D matrices can be a tool to control tumor function towards a slower growing and metabolically dormant state that better reflects in vivo tumor physiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Ibrahim AS, El-Shinawi M, Sabet S, Ibrahim SA, Mohamed MM. Role of adipose tissue-derived cytokines in the progression of inflammatory breast cancer in patients with obesity. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:67. [PMID: 35927653 PMCID: PMC9351154 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) represents a deadly aggressive phenotype of breast cancer (BC) with a unique clinicopathological presentation and low survival rate. In fact, obesity represents an important risk factor for BC. Although several studies have identified different cellular-derived and molecular factors involved in IBC progression, the role of adipocytes remains unclear. Cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT) expresses a variety of adipokines, which contribute to tumorigenesis and the regulation of cancer stem cell (CSC). This research investigated the potential effect of the secretome of CAAT explants from patients with BC on the progression and metastasis of the disease. METHODS This study established an ex-vivo culture of CAAT excised from IBC (n = 13) vs. non-IBC (n = 31) patients with obesity and profiled their secretome using a cytokine antibody array. Furthermore, the quantitative PCR (qPCR) methodology was used to validate the levels of predominant cytokines at the transcript level after culture in a medium conditioned by CAAT. Moreover, the impact of the CAAT secretome on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cells with stem cell (CSC) markers was studied in the non-IBC MDA-MB-231 and the IBC SUM-149 cell lines. The statistical differences between variables were evaluated using the chi-squared test and unpaired a Student's t-test. RESULTS The results of cytokine array profiling revealed an overall significantly higher level of a panel of 28 cytokines secreted by the CAAT ex-vivo culture from IBC patients with obesity compared to those with non-IBC. Of note, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were the major adipokines secreted by the CAAT IBC patients with obesity. Moreover, the qPCR results indicated a significant upregulation of the IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 mRNAs in CAAT ex-vivo culture of patients with IBC vs. those with non-IBC. Intriguingly, a qPCR data analysis showed that the CAAT secretome secretions from patients with non-IBC downregulated the mRNA levels of the CD24 CSC marker and of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in the non-IBC cell line. By contrast, E-cadherin was upregulated in the SUM-149 cell. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the overexpression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 as prognostic markers of CAAT from patients with IBC but not from those with non-IBC ; moreover, their upregulation might be associated with IBC aggressiveness via the regulation of CSC and EMT markers. This study proposed that targeting IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 may represent a therapeutic option that should be considered in the treatment of patients with IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Saber Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- International Affairs, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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