1
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Javed Z, Shin DH, Pan W, White SR, Elhaw AT, Kim YS, Kamlapurkar S, Cheng YY, Benson JC, Abdelnaby AE, Phaëton R, Wang HG, Yang S, Sullivan MLG, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Lee N, Coffman LG, Aird KM, Trebak M, Mythreye K, Walter V, Hempel N. Drp1 splice variants regulate ovarian cancer mitochondrial dynamics and tumor progression. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00232-4. [PMID: 39191946 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics are frequently associated with pathologies, including cancer. We show that alternative splice variants of the fission protein Drp1 (DNM1L) contribute to the complexity of mitochondrial fission/fusion regulation in tumor cells. High tumor expression of the Drp1 alternative splice variant lacking exon 16 relative to other transcripts is associated with poor outcome in ovarian cancer patients. Lack of exon 16 results in Drp1 localization to microtubules and decreased association with mitochondrial fission sites, culminating in fused mitochondrial networks, enhanced respiration, changes in metabolism, and enhanced pro-tumorigenic phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. These effects are inhibited by siRNAs designed to specifically target the endogenously expressed transcript lacking exon 16. Moreover, lack of exon 16 abrogates mitochondrial fission in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli and leads to decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. These data emphasize the pathophysiological importance of Drp1 alternative splicing, highlight the divergent functions and consequences of changing the relative expression of Drp1 splice variants in tumor cells, and strongly warrant consideration of alternative splicing in future studies focused on Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Javed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dong Hui Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Weihua Pan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sierra R White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amal Taher Elhaw
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Cory Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Emam Abdelnaby
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mara L G Sullivan
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nam Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lan G Coffman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Javed Z, Shin DH, Pan W, White SR, Kim YS, Elhaw AT, Kamlapurkar S, Cheng YY, Benson JC, Abdelnaby AE, Phaëton R, Wang HG, Yang S, Sullivan ML, St.Croix CM, Watkins SC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Lee N, Coffman LG, Aird KM, Trebak M, Mythreye K, Walter V, Hempel N. Alternative splice variants of the mitochondrial fission protein DNM1L/Drp1 regulate mitochondrial dynamics and tumor progression in ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.20.558501. [PMID: 37790404 PMCID: PMC10542115 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics have been reported in cancer cells. While post translational modifications are known regulators of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery, we show that alternative splice variants of the fission protein Drp1 (DNM1L) have specific and unique roles in cancer, adding to the complexity of mitochondrial fission/fusion regulation in tumor cells. Ovarian cancer specimens express an alternative splice transcript variant of Drp1 lacking exon 16 of the variable domain, and high expression of this splice variant relative to other transcripts is associated with poor patient outcome. Unlike the full-length variant, expression of Drp1 lacking exon 16 leads to decreased association of Drp1 to mitochondrial fission sites, more fused mitochondrial networks, enhanced respiration, and TCA cycle metabolites, and is associated with a more metastatic phenotype in vitro and in vivo. These pro-tumorigenic effects can also be inhibited by specific siRNA-mediated inhibition of the endogenously expressed transcript lacking exon 16. Moreover, lack of exon 16 abrogates mitochondrial fission in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli and leads to decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. These data emphasize the significance of the pathophysiological consequences of Drp1 alternative splicing and divergent functions of Drp1 splice variants, and strongly warrant consideration of Drp1 splicing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Javed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dong Hui Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Weihua Pan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sierra R. White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amal Taher Elhaw
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - J Cory Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Emam Abdelnaby
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara L.G. Sullivan
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Claudette M. St.Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nam Lee
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lan G. Coffman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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3
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Agarwala S, Dhabal S, Mitra K. Significance of quantitative analyses of the impact of heterogeneity in mitochondrial content and shape on cell differentiation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230279. [PMID: 38228170 PMCID: PMC10791538 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, classically known as the powerhouse of cells, are unique double membrane-bound multifaceted organelles carrying a genome. Mitochondrial content varies between cell types and precisely doubles within cells during each proliferating cycle. Mitochondrial content also increases to a variable degree during cell differentiation triggered after exit from the proliferating cycle. The mitochondrial content is primarily maintained by the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, while damaged mitochondria are eliminated from the cells by mitophagy. In any cell with a given mitochondrial content, the steady-state mitochondrial number and shape are determined by a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. The increase in mitochondrial content and alteration in mitochondrial fission and fusion are causatively linked with the process of differentiation. Here, we critically review the quantitative aspects in the detection methods of mitochondrial content and shape. Thereafter, we quantitatively link these mitochondrial properties in differentiating cells and highlight the implications of such quantitative link on stem cell functionality. Finally, we discuss an example of cell size regulation predicted from quantitative analysis of mitochondrial shape and content. To highlight the significance of quantitative analyses of these mitochondrial properties, we propose three independent rationale based hypotheses and the relevant experimental designs to test them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwala
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Delhi (NCR), India
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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4
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Agarwala S, Saini M, Parker D, Mitra K. Enrichment of carcinogen-driven "mitochondria-primed" human skin stem cells and their identification using single-cell analyses. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102545. [PMID: 37690024 PMCID: PMC10500471 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that mitochondria play a critical role in priming stem cells to self-renew and proliferate. Here, we describe a protocol for enriching and identifying the mitochondria-primed stem cells (mpSCs) for their characterization and applications. We describe steps for enriching mpSCs with the environmental carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in a skin keratinocyte lineage and for identifying mpSCs using single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell microscopy analyses of expression of relevant stem cell markers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Spurlock et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwala
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of BioSciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Mayank Saini
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of BioSciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Danitra Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of BioSciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India; Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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5
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Abu-Hanna J, Anastasakis E, Patel JA, Eddama MMR, Denton CP, Taanman JW, Abraham D, Clapp LH. Prostacyclin mimetics inhibit DRP1-mediated pro-proliferative mitochondrial fragmentation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107194. [PMID: 37442283 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiopulmonary disorder, involving the remodelling of the small pulmonary arteries. Underlying this remodelling is the hyper-proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells within the medial layers of these arteries and their encroachment on the lumen. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, a consequence of increased expression and post-translational activation of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and pathological proliferation in PASMCs derived from PAH patients. However, the impact of prostacyclin mimetics, widely used in the treatment of PAH, on this pathological mitochondrial fragmentation remains unexplored. We hypothesise that these agents, which are known to attenuate the proliferative phenotype of PAH PASMCs, do so in part by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we confirmed the previously reported increase in DRP1-mediated mitochondrial hyper-fragmentation in PAH PASMCs. We then showed that the prostacyclin mimetic treprostinil signals via either the Gs-coupled IP or EP2 receptor to inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation and the associated hyper-proliferation in a manner analogous to the DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi-1. We also showed that treprostinil recruits either the IP or EP2 receptor to activate PKA and induce the phosphorylation of DRP1 at the inhibitory residue S637 and inhibit that at the stimulatory residue S616, both of which are suggestive of reduced DRP1 fission activity. Like treprostinil, MRE-269, an IP receptor agonist, and butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist, attenuated DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation through PKA. We conclude that prostacyclin mimetics produce their anti-proliferative effects on PAH PASMCs in part by inhibiting DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Anastasakis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jigisha A Patel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Rajab Eddama
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Gambi G, Mengus G, Davidson G, Demesmaeker E, Cuomo A, Bonaldi T, Katopodi V, Malouf GG, Leucci E, Davidson I. The LncRNA LENOX Interacts with RAP2C to Regulate Metabolism and Promote Resistance to MAPK Inhibition in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4555-4570. [PMID: 36214632 PMCID: PMC9755964 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a key feature of melanomas that hinders development of effective treatments. Aiming to overcome this, we identified LINC00518 (LENOX; lincRNA-enhancer of oxidative phosphorylation) as a melanoma-specific lncRNA expressed in all known melanoma cell states and essential for melanoma survival in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LENOX promoted association of the RAP2C GTPase with mitochondrial fission regulator DRP1, increasing DRP1 S637 phosphorylation, mitochondrial fusion, and oxidative phosphorylation. LENOX expression was upregulated following treatment with MAPK inhibitors, facilitating a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation and conferring resistance to MAPK inhibition. Consequently, combined silencing of LENOX and RAP2C synergized with MAPK inhibitors to eradicate melanoma cells. Melanomas are thus addicted to the lncRNA LENOX, which acts to optimize mitochondrial function during melanoma development and progression. SIGNIFICANCE The lncRNA LENOX is a novel regulator of melanoma metabolism, which can be targeted in conjunction with MAPK inhibitors to eradicate melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gambi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabrielle Mengus
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Nuclear Proteomics Institute to Study Gene Expression, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Nuclear Proteomics Institute to Study Gene Expression, Milano, Italy
| | - Vicky Katopodi
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriel G. Malouf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Corresponding Authors: Irwin Davidson, Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France. E-mail: ; and Eleonora Leucci, Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail:
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue contre le Cancer.,Corresponding Authors: Irwin Davidson, Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France. E-mail: ; and Eleonora Leucci, Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail:
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7
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Zhao Q, Yan S, Lu J, Parker DJ, Wu H, Sun Q, Crossman DK, Liu S, Wang Q, Sesaki H, Mitra K, Liu K, Jiao K. Drp1 regulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes in embryonic hearts. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274456. [PMID: 35099001 PMCID: PMC8919333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes severe congenital cardiac abnormalities and prenatal/neonatal lethality. The lack of sufficient knowledge regarding how mitochondrial abnormalities affect cardiogenesis poses a major barrier for the development of clinical applications that target mitochondrial deficiency-induced inborn cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrial morphology, which is regulated by fission and fusion, plays a key role in determining mitochondrial activity. Dnm1l encodes a dynamin-related GTPase, Drp1, which is required for mitochondrial fission. To investigate the role of Drp1 in cardiogenesis during the embryonic metabolic shift period, we specifically inactivated Dnm1l in second heart field-derived structures. Mutant cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle (RV) displayed severe defects in mitochondrial morphology, ultrastructure and activity. These defects caused increased cell death, decreased cell survival, disorganized cardiomyocytes and embryonic lethality. By characterizing this model, we reveal an AMPK-SIRT7-GABPB axis that relays the reduced cellular energy level to decrease transcription of ribosomal protein genes in cardiomyocytes. We therefore provide the first genetic evidence in mouse that Drp1 is essential for RV development. Our research provides further mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction causes pathological molecular and cellular alterations during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danitra J. Parker
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Present address: Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd. CA4092, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Spurlock B, Parker D, Basu MK, Hjelmeland A, GC S, Liu S, Siegal GP, Gunter A, Moran A, Mitra K. Fine-tuned repression of Drp1-driven mitochondrial fission primes a 'stem/progenitor-like state' to support neoplastic transformation. eLife 2021; 10:e68394. [PMID: 34545812 PMCID: PMC8497058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene knockout of the master regulator of mitochondrial fission, Drp1, prevents neoplastic transformation. Also, mitochondrial fission and its opposing process of mitochondrial fusion are emerging as crucial regulators of stemness. Intriguingly, stem/progenitor cells maintaining repressed mitochondrial fission are primed for self-renewal and proliferation. Using our newly derived carcinogen transformed human cell model, we demonstrate that fine-tuned Drp1 repression primes a slow cycling 'stem/progenitor-like state', which is characterized by small networks of fused mitochondria and a gene-expression profile with elevated functional stem/progenitor markers (Krt15, Sox2 etc) and their regulators (Cyclin E). Fine tuning Drp1 protein by reducing its activating phosphorylation sustains the neoplastic stem/progenitor cell markers. Whereas, fine-tuned reduction of Drp1 protein maintains the characteristic mitochondrial shape and gene-expression of the primed 'stem/progenitor-like state' to accelerate neoplastic transformation, and more complete reduction of Drp1 protein prevents it. Therefore, our data highlights a 'goldilocks' level of Drp1 repression supporting stem/progenitor state dependent neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spurlock
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Danitra Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Anita Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Sajina GC
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Departments of Pathology, Surgery, Genetics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Alan Gunter
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Aida Moran
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
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