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Rumney RMH, Pomeroy J, Górecki DC. Investigating the Involvement of C-X-C Motif Chemokine 5 and P2X7 Purinoceptor in Ectopic Calcification in Mouse Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30617. [PMID: 38924558 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification of myofibers is an early pathogenic feature in patients and animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In previous studies using the Dmdmdx-βgeo mouse model, we found that the dystrophin-null phenotype exacerbates this abnormality and that mineralised myofibers are surrounded by macrophages. Furthermore, the P2X7 purinoceptor, functioning in immune cells offers protection against dystrophic calcification. In the present study, by exploring transcriptomic data from Dmdmdx mice, we hypothesised these effects to be mediated by C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) downstream of P2X7 activation. We found that CXCL5 is upregulated in the quadriceps muscles of Dmdmdx-βgeo mice compared to wild-type controls. In contrast, at the cell level, dystrophic (SC5) skeletal muscle cells secreted less CXCL5 chemokine than wild-type (IMO) controls. Although release from IMO cells was increased by P2X7 activation, this could not explain the elevated CXCL5 levels observed in dystrophic muscle tissue. Instead, we found that CXCL5 is released by dystrophin-null macrophages in response to P2X7 activation, suggesting that macrophages are the source of CXCL5 in dystrophic muscles. The effects of CXCL5 upon mineralisation were investigated using the Alizarin Red assay to quantify calcium deposition in vitro. In basal (low phosphate) media, CXCL5 increased calcification in IMO but not SC5 myoblasts. However, in cultures treated in high phosphate media, to mimic dysregulated phosphate metabolism occurring in DMD, CXCL5 decreased calcification in both IMO and SC5 cells. These data indicate that CXCL5 is part of a homoeostatic mechanism regulating intracellular calcium, that CXCL5 can be released by macrophages in response to the extracellular ATP damage-associated signal, and that CXCL5 can be part of a damage response to protect against ectopic calcification. This mechanism is affected by DMD gene mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Mice
- Chemokine CXCL5/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL5/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Joanna Pomeroy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Niba ETE, Awano H, Nishimura N, Koide H, Matsuo M, Shinohara M. Differential metabolic secretion between muscular dystrophy mouse-derived spindle cell sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas drives tumor type development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C34-C47. [PMID: 38646787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00523.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The dystrophin gene (Dmd) is recognized for its significance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal and progressive skeletal muscle disease. Some patients with DMD and model mice with muscular dystrophy (mdx) spontaneously develop various types of tumors, among which rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prominent. By contrast, spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) has rarely been reported in patients or mdx mice. In this study, we aimed to use metabolomics to better understand the rarity of SCS development in mdx mice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to compare the metabolic profiles of spontaneously developed SCS and RMS tumors from mdx mice, and metabolite supplementation assays and silencing experiments were used to assess the effects of metabolic differences in SCS tumor-derived cells. The levels of 75 metabolites exhibited differences between RMS and SCS, 25 of which were significantly altered. Further characterization revealed downregulation of nonessential amino acids, including alanine, in SCS tumors. Alanine supplementation enhanced the growth, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and invasion of SCS cells. Reduction of intracellular alanine via knockdown of the alanine transporter Slc1a5 reduced the growth of SCS cells. Lower metabolite secretion and reduced proliferation of SCS tumors may explain the lower detection rate of SCS in mdx mice. Targeting of alanine depletion pathways may have potential as a novel treatment strategy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, SCS has rarely been identified in patients with DMD or mdx mice. We observed that RMS and SCS tumors that spontaneously developed from mdx mice with the same Dmd genetic background exhibited differences in metabolic secretion. We proposed that, in addition to dystrophin deficiency, the levels of secreted metabolites may play a role in the determination of tumor-type development in a Dmd-deficient background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation , Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Alnassar N, Hajto J, Rumney RMH, Verma S, Borczyk M, Saha C, Kanczler J, Butt AM, Occhipinti A, Pomeroy J, Angione C, Korostynski M, Górecki DC. Ablation of the dystrophin Dp71f alternative C-terminal variant increases sarcoma tumour cell aggressiveness. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae094. [PMID: 38850567 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Dp71 expression, the most ubiquitous dystrophin isoform, have been associated with patient survival across tumours. Intriguingly, in certain malignancies, Dp71 acts as a tumour suppressor, while manifesting oncogenic properties in others. This diversity could be explained by the expression of two Dp71 splice variants encoding proteins with distinct C-termini, each with specific properties. Expression of these variants has impeded the exploration of their unique roles. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we ablated the Dp71f variant with the alternative C-terminus in a sarcoma cell line not expressing the canonical C-terminal variant, and conducted molecular (RNAseq) and functional characterisation of the knockout cells. Dp71f ablation induced major transcriptomic alterations, particularly affecting the expression of genes involved in calcium signalling and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. The genome-scale metabolic analysis identified significant downregulation of glucose transport via membrane vesicle reaction (GLCter) and downregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Functionally, these molecular changes corresponded with, increased calcium responses, cell adhesion, proliferation, survival under serum starvation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Knockout cells showed reduced GLUT1 protein expression, survival without attachment and their migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo were unaltered, despite increased matrix metalloproteinases release. Our findings emphasise the importance of alternative splicing of dystrophin transcripts and underscore the role of the Dp71f variant, which appears to govern distinct cellular processes frequently dysregulated in tumour cells. The loss of this regulatory mechanism promotes sarcoma cell survival and treatment resistance. Thus, Dp71f is a target for future investigations exploring the intricate functions of specific DMD transcripts in physiology and across malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alnassar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Hajto
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Suraj Verma
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Chandrika Saha
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Occhipinti
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Pomeroy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
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Dhoke NR, Kim H, Azzag K, Crist SB, Kiley J, Perlingeiro RCR. A Novel CRISPR-Cas9 Strategy to Target DYSTROPHIN Mutations Downstream of Exon 44 in Patient-Specific DMD iPSCs. Cells 2024; 13:972. [PMID: 38891104 PMCID: PMC11171783 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DMD gene cause fatal Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). An attractive therapeutic approach is autologous cell transplantation utilizing myogenic progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Given that a significant number of DMD mutations occur between exons 45 and 55, we developed a gene knock-in approach to correct any mutations downstream of exon 44. We applied this approach to two DMD patient-specific iPSC lines carrying mutations in exons 45 and 51 and confirmed mini-DYSTROPHIN (mini-DYS) protein expression in corrected myotubes by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Transplantation of gene-edited DMD iPSC-derived myogenic progenitors into NSG/mdx4Cv mice produced donor-derived myofibers, as shown by the dual expression of human DYSTROPHIN and LAMIN A/C. These findings further provide proof-of-concept for the use of programmable nucleases for the development of autologous iPSC-based therapy for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R. Dhoke
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyunkee Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Karim Azzag
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Sarah B. Crist
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Rita C. R. Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.R.D.); (H.K.); (K.A.); (S.B.C.); (J.K.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Rodríguez C, Timóteo-Ferreira F, Minchiotti G, Brunelli S, Guardiola O. Cellular interactions and microenvironment dynamics in skeletal muscle regeneration and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1385399. [PMID: 38840849 PMCID: PMC11150574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1385399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on the intricate interplay of various cell populations within the muscle niche-an environment crucial for regulating the behavior of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and ensuring postnatal tissue maintenance and regeneration. This review delves into the dynamic interactions among key players of this process, including MuSCs, macrophages (MPs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), endothelial cells (ECs), and pericytes (PCs), each assuming pivotal roles in orchestrating homeostasis and regeneration. Dysfunctions in these interactions can lead not only to pathological conditions but also exacerbate muscular dystrophies. The exploration of cellular and molecular crosstalk among these populations in both physiological and dystrophic conditions provides insights into the multifaceted communication networks governing muscle regeneration. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging strategies to modulate the muscle-regenerating niche, presenting a comprehensive overview of current understanding and innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
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6
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Alnassar N, Derry JMJ, Banna GL, Gorecki DC. Differential expression of DMD transcripts as a novel prognostic biomarker in histologically diverse mesotheliomas. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:733-748. [PMID: 38736495 PMCID: PMC11082705 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-24-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background The identification of prognostic biomarkers is crucial for guiding treatment strategies in mesothelioma patients. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene and its specific transcripts have been associated with patient survival in various tumours. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of DMD gene expression and its transcripts in mesothelioma patients. Methods We analysed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mesothelioma RNAseq, mutation, and clinical data to assess the association between DMD gene expression and its transcripts (Dp427, Dp71 splice variants) and mesothelioma survival. We also evaluated the specific Dp71 transcript as a unique prognostic biomarker across mesothelioma subtypes. Additionally, we performed differential gene expression analysis between high and low DMD gene/transcript expression groups. Results The analysis included 57 epithelioid, 23 biphasic, two sarcomatoid, and five not otherwise specified (NOS) histological subtypes of mesothelioma samples. Univariate analysis revealed that high expression of the DMD gene and its Dp71 transcript was significantly associated with shorter survival in mesothelioma patients (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, the association between Dp71 expression and survival remained significant [hazard ratio (HR) 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-4.23, P=0.008] across all mesothelioma patients, and also among patients with mesotheliomas without deep CDKN2A deletions (HR 3.58, 95% CI: 1.31-9.80, P=0.01). Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of cell cycle (P=3.01×10-4) and homologous recombination (P=0.01) pathways in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low Dp71 groups. Furthermore, there were correlations between Dp71 transcript expression and tumour microenvironment (TME) cells, including a weak positive correlation with macrophages (R=0.32, P=0.002) specifically M2 macrophages (R=0.34, P=0.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate that the differential expression of specific DMD transcripts is associated with poor survival in mesothelioma patients. The specific Dp71 transcript can serve as a potential biomarker for predicting patient survival in diverse histological subtypes of mesothelioma. Further studies are needed to understand the role of specific dystrophin transcripts in cancer and TME cells, and their implications in the pathogenesis and progression of mesothelioma. Identifying patients at risk of poor survival based on DMD transcript expression can guide treatment strategies in mesothelioma, informing decisions regarding treatment intensity, follow-up schedules, eligibility for clinical trials, and ultimately, end-of-life care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alnassar
- Molecular Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Molecular Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Dariusz C. Gorecki
- Molecular Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Robertson R, Li S, Filippelli RL, Chang NC. Muscle stem cell dysfunction in rhabdomyosarcoma and muscular dystrophy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:83-121. [PMID: 38670717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are crucial to the repair and homeostasis of mature skeletal muscle. MuSC dysfunction and dysregulation of the myogenic program can contribute to the development of pathology ranging from cancers like rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or muscle degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Both diseases exhibit dysregulation at nearly all steps of myogenesis. For instance, MuSC self-renewal processes are altered. In RMS, this leads to the creation of tumor propagating cells. In DMD, impaired asymmetric stem cell division creates a bias towards producing self-renewing stem cells instead of committing to differentiation. Hyperproliferation of these cells contribute to tumorigenesis in RMS and symmetric expansion of the self-renewing MuSC population in DMD. Both diseases also exhibit a repression of factors involved in terminal differentiation, halting RMS cells in the proliferative stage and thus driving tumor growth. Conversely, the MuSCs in DMD exhibit impaired differentiation and fuse prematurely, affecting myonuclei maturation and the integrity of the dystrophic muscle fiber. Finally, both disease states cause alterations to the MuSC niche. Various elements of the niche such as inflammatory and migratory signaling that impact MuSC behavior are dysregulated. Here we show how these seemingly distantly related diseases indeed have similarities in MuSC dysfunction, underlying the importance of considering MuSCs when studying the pathophysiology of muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shulei Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Romina L Filippelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natasha C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Careccia G, Mangiavini L, Cirillo F. Regulation of Satellite Cells Functions during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Critical Step in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:512. [PMID: 38203683 PMCID: PMC10778731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the generation of new myofibers after trauma, competitive physical activity, or disease. In this context, adult skeletal muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells (SCs), play a crucial role in regulating muscle tissue homeostasis and activating regeneration. Alterations in their number or function have been associated with various pathological conditions. The main factors involved in the dysregulation of SCs' activity are inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge on the role of SCs in skeletal muscle regeneration. It examines the changes in the activity of SCs in three of the most common and severe muscle disorders: sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and cancer cachexia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in their dysregulations is essential for improving current treatments, such as exercise, and developing personalized approaches to reactivate SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Careccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Cellular pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: progressive myofibre degeneration, chronic inflammation, reactive myofibrosis and satellite cell dysfunction. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11856. [PMID: 37846661 PMCID: PMC10811648 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly progressive muscle wasting disease of early childhood and characterized by complex pathophysiological and histopathological changes in the voluntary contractile system, including myonecrosis, chronic inflammation, fat substitution and reactive myofibrosis. The continued loss of functional myofibres and replacement with non-contractile cells, as well as extensive tissue scarring and decline in tissue elasticity, leads to severe skeletal muscle weakness. In addition, dystrophic muscles exhibit a greatly diminished regenerative capacity to counteract the ongoing process of fibre degeneration. In normal muscle tissues, an abundant stem cell pool consisting of satellite cells that are localized between the sarcolemma and basal lamina, provides a rich source for the production of activated myogenic progenitor cells that are involved in efficient myofibre repair and tissue regeneration. Interestingly, the self-renewal of satellite cells for maintaining an essential pool of stem cells in matured skeletal muscles is increased in dystrophin-deficient fibres. However, satellite cell hyperplasia does not result in efficient recovery of dystrophic muscles due to impaired asymmetric cell divisions. The lack of expression of the full-length dystrophin isoform Dp427-M, which is due to primary defects in the DMD gene, appears to affect key regulators of satellite cell polarity causing a reduced differentiation of myogenic progenitors, which are essential for myofibre regeneration. This review outlines the complexity of dystrophinopathy and describes the importance of the pathophysiological role of satellite cell dysfunction. A brief discussion of the bioanalytical usefulness of single cell proteomics for future studies of satellite cell biology is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
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Wijekoon N, Gonawala L, Ratnayake P, Amaratunga D, Hathout Y, Mohan C, Steinbusch HWM, Dalal A, Hoffman EP, de Silva KRD. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from Brain to Muscle: The Role of Brain Dystrophin Isoforms in Motor Functions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5637. [PMID: 37685704 PMCID: PMC10488491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function and its effect on motor performance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an emerging concept. The present study explored how cumulative dystrophin isoform loss, age, and a corticosteroid treatment affect DMD motor outcomes. A total of 133 genetically confirmed DMD patients from Sri Lanka were divided into two groups based on whether their shorter dystrophin isoforms (Dp140, Dp116, and Dp71) were affected: Group 1, containing patients with Dp140, Dp116, and Dp71 affected (n = 98), and Group 2, containing unaffected patients (n = 35). A subset of 52 patients (Group 1, n = 38; Group 2, n = 14) was followed for up to three follow-ups performed in an average of 28-month intervals. The effect of the cumulative loss of shorter dystrophin isoforms on the natural history of DMD was analyzed. A total of 74/133 (56%) patients encountered developmental delays, with 66/74 (89%) being in Group 1 and 8/74 (11%) being in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Motor developmental delays were predominant. The hip and knee muscular strength, according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) activities, "standing on one leg R", "standing on one leg L", and "walk", declined rapidly in Group 1 (p < 0.001 In the follow-up analysis, Group 1 patients became wheelchair-bound at a younger age than those of Group 2 (p = 0.004). DMD motor dysfunction is linked to DMD mutations that affect shorter dystrophin isoforms. When stratifying individuals for clinical trials, considering the DMD mutation site and its impact on a shorter dystrophin isoform is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka Wijekoon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (N.W.); (L.G.)
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lakmal Gonawala
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (N.W.); (L.G.)
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | | | - Yetrib Hathout
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (Y.H.); (E.P.H.)
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India;
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (Y.H.); (E.P.H.)
| | - K. Ranil D. de Silva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (N.W.); (L.G.)
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
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11
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Róg J, Oksiejuk A, Górecki DC, Zabłocki K. Primary mouse myoblast metabotropic purinoceptor profiles and calcium signalling differ with their muscle origin and are altered in mdx dystrophinopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9333. [PMID: 37291185 PMCID: PMC10250391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a consequence of progressive wasting of skeletal and cardiac muscle, where dystrophinopathy affects not only muscle fibres but also myogenic cells. Elevated activity of P2X7 receptors and increased store-operated calcium entry have been identified in myoblasts from the mdx mouse model of DMD. Moreover, in immortalized mdx myoblasts, increased metabotropic purinergic receptor response was found. Here, to exclude any potential effects of cell immortalization, we investigated the metabotropic response in primary mdx and wild-type myoblasts. Overall, analyses of receptor transcript and protein levels, antagonist sensitivity, and cellular localization in these primary myoblasts confirmed the previous data from immortalised cells. However, we identified significant differences in the pattern of expression and activity of P2Y receptors and the levels of the "calcium signalling toolkit" proteins between mdx and wild-type myoblasts isolated from different muscles. These results not only extend the earlier findings on the phenotypic effects of dystrophinopathy in undifferentiated muscle but, importantly, also reveal that these changes are muscle type-dependent and endure in isolated cells. This muscle-specific cellular impact of DMD may not be limited to the purinergic abnormality in mice and needs to be taken into consideration in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Róg
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Oksiejuk
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Kodippili K, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cell contribution to disease pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180980. [PMID: 37324396 PMCID: PMC10266354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal, x-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 5,000 boys. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent muscle degeneration, progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of skeletal muscle resident stem cells, called satellite cells. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for DMD. In this mini review, we discuss how satellite cells in dystrophic muscle are functionally impaired, and how this contributes to the DMD pathology, and the tremendous potential of restoring endogenous satellite cell function as a viable treatment strategy to treat this debilitating and fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Zabłocki K, Górecki DC. The Role of P2X7 Purinoceptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119434. [PMID: 37298386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are inherited neuromuscular diseases, resulting in progressive disability and often affecting life expectancy. The most severe, common types are Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Limb-girdle sarcoglycanopathy, which cause advancing muscle weakness and wasting. These diseases share a common pathomechanism where, due to the loss of the anchoring dystrophin (DMD, dystrophinopathy) or due to mutations in sarcoglycan-encoding genes (LGMDR3 to LGMDR6), the α-sarcoglycan ecto-ATPase activity is lost. This disturbs important purinergic signaling: An acute muscle injury causes the release of large quantities of ATP, which acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). DAMPs trigger inflammation that clears dead tissues and initiates regeneration that eventually restores normal muscle function. However, in DMD and LGMD, the loss of ecto-ATPase activity, that normally curtails this extracellular ATP (eATP)-evoked stimulation, causes exceedingly high eATP levels. Thus, in dystrophic muscles, the acute inflammation becomes chronic and damaging. The very high eATP over-activates P2X7 purinoceptors, not only maintaining the inflammation but also tuning the potentially compensatory P2X7 up-regulation in dystrophic muscle cells into a cell-damaging mechanism exacerbating the pathology. Thus, the P2X7 receptor in dystrophic muscles is a specific therapeutic target. Accordingly, the P2X7 blockade alleviated dystrophic damage in mouse models of dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathy. Therefore, the existing P2X7 blockers should be considered for the treatment of these highly debilitating diseases. This review aims to present the current understanding of the eATP-P2X7 purinoceptor axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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14
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Gόrecki DC, Rumney RMH. The P2X7 purinoceptor in pathogenesis and treatment of dystrophino- and sarcoglycanopathies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 69:102357. [PMID: 36842388 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathies are incurable diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin or members of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Restoration of the missing dystrophin or sarcoglycans via genetic approaches is complicated by the downsides of personalised medicines and immune responses against re-expressed proteins. Thus, the targeting of disease mechanisms downstream from the mutant protein has a strong translational potential. Acute muscle damage causes release of large quantities of ATP, which activates P2X7 purinoceptors, resulting in inflammation that clears dead tissues and triggers regeneration. However, in dystrophic muscles, loss of α-sarcoglycan ecto-ATPase activity further elevates extracellular ATP (eATP) levels, exacerbating the pathology. Moreover, seemingly compensatory P2X7 upregulation in dystrophic muscle cells, combined with high eATP leads to further damage. Accordingly, P2X7 blockade alleviated dystrophic damage in mouse models of both dystrophinopathy and sarcoglycanopathy. Existing P2X7 blockers could be re-purposed for the treatment of these highly debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz C Gόrecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
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15
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Downregulation of Dystrophin Expression Occurs across Diverse Tumors, Correlates with the Age of Onset, Staging and Reduced Survival of Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051378. [PMID: 36900171 PMCID: PMC10000051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered dystrophin expression was found in some tumors and recent studies identified a developmental onset of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Given that embryogenesis and carcinogenesis share many mechanisms, we analyzed a broad spectrum of tumors to establish whether dystrophin alteration evokes related outcomes. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and mutation datasets from fifty tumor tissues and matching controls (10,894 samples) and 140 corresponding tumor cell lines were analyzed. Interestingly, dystrophin transcripts and protein expression were found widespread across healthy tissues and at housekeeping gene levels. In 80% of tumors, DMD expression was reduced due to transcriptional downregulation and not somatic mutations. The full-length transcript encoding Dp427 was decreased in 68% of tumors, while Dp71 variants showed variability of expression. Notably, low expression of dystrophins was associated with a more advanced stage, older age of onset, and reduced survival across different tumors. Hierarchical clustering analysis of DMD transcripts distinguished malignant from control tissues. Transcriptomes of primary tumors and tumor cell lines with low DMD expression showed enrichment of specific pathways in the differentially expressed genes. Pathways consistently identified: ECM-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, and PI3K-Akt are also altered in DMD muscle. Therefore, the importance of this largest known gene extends beyond its roles identified in DMD, and certainly into oncology.
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16
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Górecki DC. Dystrophin immunogenicity and requirement in myogenic cells: Paradigm shift in gene therapy for DMD. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1122. [PMID: 36424805 PMCID: PMC9691905 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz C. Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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