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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Rossi A, Malvagia S, la Marca G, Parenti G, Brunetti-Pierri N. Biomarkers for gene therapy clinical trials of lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00385-X. [PMID: 38850023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are multisystemic progressive disorders caused by defects in proteins involved in lysosomal function. Different gene therapy strategies are under clinical investigation in several LSDs to overcome the limitations of available treatments. However, LSDs are slowly progressive diseases that require long-term studies to establish the efficacy of experimental treatments. Biomarkers can be reliable substitutes for clinical responses and improve the efficiency of clinical trials, especially when long-term disease interventions are evaluated. In this review, we summarize both available and future biomarkers for LSDs and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Malvagia
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; School of Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; School of Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Li L, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wang J, Wang L. Single-cell metabolomics in rare disease: From technology to disease. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2024; 13:99-103. [PMID: 38836176 PMCID: PMC11145402 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of clinical experience and technology, rare diseases (RDs) are gradually coming into the limelight. As they often lead to poor prognosis, it is urgent to promote the accuracy and rapidity of diagnosis and promote the development of therapeutic drugs. In recent years, with the rapid improvement of single-cell sequencing technology, the advantages of multi-omics combined application in diseases have been continuously explored. Single-cell metabolomics represents a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of rare diseases, particularly metabolic RDs, and transforming clinical practice. By unraveling the intricacies of cellular metabolism at a single-cell resolution, this innovative approach holds the potential to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for RDs patients. Continued research and technological advancements in single-cell metabolomics are essential for realizing its full potential in the field of RDs diagnosis and therapeutics. It is expected that single-cell metabolomics can be better applied to RDs research in the future, for the benefit of patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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4
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Chen J, Xie X, Lin M, Han H, Wang T, Lei Q, He R. Genes associated with cellular senescence as diagnostic markers of major depressive disorder and their correlations with immune infiltration. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1372386. [PMID: 38881549 PMCID: PMC11179437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence links cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), a life-threatening and debilitating mental illness. However, the roles of cellular senescence-related genes in MDD are largely unknown and were investigated in this study using a comprehensive analysis. Methods Peripheral blood microarray sequencing data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and retrieved cellular senescence-related genes from CellAge database. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to screen MDD-associated genes. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were predicted based on STRING data, and four topological algorithms were used to identify hub genes from the PPI network. Immune infiltration was evaluated using CIBERSORT, followed by a correlation analysis between hub genes and immune cells. Results A total of 84 cell senescence-related genes were differentially expressed in patients with MDD compared to healthy control participants. Among the 84 genes, 20 were identified to be associated with the MDD disease phenotype, and these genes were mainly involved in hormone-related signaling pathways (such as estrogen, steroid hormone, and corticosteroid) and immune and inflammatory pathways. Three genes, namely, JUN, CTSD, and CALR, which were downregulated in MDD, were identified as the hub genes. The expression of hub genes significantly moderate correlated with multiple immune cells, such as Tregs, NK cells, and CD4+ T cells, and the abundance of these immune cells markedly differed in MDD samples. Multiple microRNAs, transcription factors, and small-molecule drugs targeting hub genes were predicted to explore their molecular regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic value in MDD. Conclusion JUN, CTSD, and CALR were identified as potential diagnostic markers of MDD and may be involved in the immunoinflammatory mechanism of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qirong Lei
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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5
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Goker-Alpan O, Ivanova MM. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: Rare in the West, common in the East. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38768609 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) stands as one of the most prevalent lysosomal disorders, yet neuronopathic GD (nGD) is an uncommon subset characterized by a wide array of clinical manifestations that complicate diagnosis, particularly when neurological symptoms are understated. nGD may manifest as the acute neuronopathic type, or GD type 2 (GD2), either prenatally or within the first weeks to months of life, whereas GD type 3 (GD3) symptoms may emerge at any point during childhood or occasionally in adolescence. The clinical presentation encompasses severe systemic involvement to mild visceral disease, often coupled with a spectrum of progressive neurological signs and symptoms such as cognitive impairment, ataxia, seizures, myoclonus, varying degrees of brainstem dysfunction presenting with stridor, apneic episodes, and/or impaired swallowing. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of the incidence, distinctive presentations, and diverse clinical phenotypes of nGD across various countries and regions. It will explore the natural history of the neurodegenerative process in GD, shedding light on its various manifestations during infancy and childhood, and offer insights into the diagnostic journey, the challenges faced in the clinical management, and current and investigative therapeutic approaches for GD's neurological variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Hull A, Atilano ML, Gergi L, Kinghorn KJ. Lysosomal storage, impaired autophagy and innate immunity in Gaucher and Parkinson's diseases: insights for drug discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220381. [PMID: 38368939 PMCID: PMC10874704 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment of autophagic-lysosomal pathways is increasingly being implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the commonest known genetic risk factor for PD. GBA1 mutations have been shown to cause autophagic-lysosomal impairment. Defective autophagic degradation of unwanted cellular constituents is associated with several pathologies, including loss of normal protein homeostasis, particularly of α-synuclein, and innate immune dysfunction. The latter is observed both peripherally and centrally in PD and GD. Here, we will discuss the mechanistic links between autophagy and immune dysregulation, and the possible role of these pathologies in communication between the gut and brain in these disorders. Recent work in a fly model of neuronopathic GD (nGD) revealed intestinal autophagic defects leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction and immune activation. Rapamycin treatment partially reversed the autophagic block and reduced immune activity, in association with increased survival and improved locomotor performance. Alterations in the gut microbiome are a critical driver of neuroinflammation, and studies have revealed that eradication of the microbiome in nGD fly and mouse models of PD ameliorate brain inflammation. Following these observations, lysosomal-autophagic pathways, innate immune signalling and microbiome dysbiosis are discussed as potential therapeutic targets in PD and GD. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hull
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Magda L Atilano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laith Gergi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kerri J Kinghorn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Wang R, Sun H, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu L, Wu J, Xu H, Wu D, Mu C, Hao Z, Qin S, Ren H, Han J, Fang M, Wang G. Glucosylceramide accumulation in microglia triggers STING-dependent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in mice. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadk8249. [PMID: 38530880 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk8249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are responsible for Gaucher disease (GD) and are considered the strongest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). GCase deficiency leads to extensive accumulation of glucosylceramides (GCs) in cells and contributes to the neuropathology of GD, PD, and LBD by triggering chronic neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which GC accumulation induces neuroinflammation. We found that GC accumulation within microglia induced by pharmacological inhibition of GCase triggered STING-dependent inflammation, which contributed to neuronal loss both in vitro and in vivo. GC accumulation in microglia induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage to the cytosol to trigger STING-dependent inflammation. Rapamycin, a compound that promotes lysosomal activity, improved mitochondrial function, thereby decreasing STING signaling. Furthermore, lysosomal damage caused by GC accumulation led to defects in the degradation of activated STING, further exacerbating inflammation mediated by microglia. Thus, limiting STING activity may be a strategy to suppress neuroinflammation caused by GCase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Center of Translational Medicine, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center of Trauma Medicine, Institute of Trauma Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Junhai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ming Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Kim MJ, Kim S, Reinheckel T, Krainc D. Inhibition of cysteine protease cathepsin L increases the level and activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169594. [PMID: 38329128 PMCID: PMC10967467 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) to ceramide and glucose in lysosomes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD) due to severe loss of GCase activity. Loss-of-function variants in the GBA1 gene are also the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Restoring lysosomal GCase activity represents an important therapeutic approach for GBA1-associated diseases. We hypothesized that increasing the stability of lysosomal GCase protein could correct deficient GCase activity in these conditions. However, it remains unknown how GCase stability is regulated in the lysosome. We found that cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, cleaves GCase and regulates its stability. In support of these data, GCase protein was elevated in the brain of cathepsin L-KO mice. Chemical inhibition of cathepsin L increased both GCase levels and activity in fibroblasts from patients with GD. Importantly, inhibition of cathepsin L in dopaminergic neurons from a patient GBA1-PD led to increased GCase levels and activity as well as reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein. These results suggest that targeting cathepsin L-mediated GCase degradation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for GCase deficiency in PD and related disorders that exhibit decreased GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Vincow ES, Thomas RE, Milstein G, Pareek G, Bammler T, MacDonald J, Pallanck L. Glucocerebrosidase deficiency leads to neuropathology via cellular immune activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571406. [PMID: 38168223 PMCID: PMC10760128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA (glucosylceramidase beta), which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the strongest genetic risk factor for the neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia. Recent work has suggested that neuroinflammation may be an important factor in the risk conferred by GBA mutations. We therefore systematically tested the contributions of immune-related genes to neuropathology in a Drosophila model of GCase deficiency. We identified target immune factors via RNA-Seq and proteomics on heads from GCase-deficient flies, which revealed both increased abundance of humoral factors and increased macrophage activation. We then manipulated the identified immune factors and measured their effect on head protein aggregates, a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. Genetic ablation of humoral (secreted) immune factors did not suppress the development of protein aggregation. By contrast, re-expressing Gba1b in activated macrophages suppressed head protein aggregation in Gba1b mutants and rescued their lifespan and behavioral deficits. Moreover, reducing the GCase substrate glucosylceramide in activated macrophages also ameliorated Gba1b mutant phenotypes. Taken together, our findings show that glucosylceramide accumulation due to GCase deficiency leads to macrophage activation, which in turn promotes the development of neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S. Vincow
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Thomas
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gillian Milstein
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gautam Pareek
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theo Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leo Pallanck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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10
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Zhang SH, Jia XY, Wu Q, Jin J, Xu LS, Yang L, Han JG, Zhou QH. The involvement of the gut microbiota in postoperative cognitive dysfunction based on integrated metagenomic and metabolomics analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0310423. [PMID: 38108273 PMCID: PMC10714990 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03104-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As the population ages and medical technology advances, anesthesia procedures for elderly patients are becoming more common, leading to an increased prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, the etiology and correlation between the gut microbiota and cognitive dysfunction are poorly understood, and research in this area is limited. In this study, mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction were found to have reduced levels of fatty acid production and anti-inflammatory flora in the gut, and Bacteroides was associated with increased depression, leading to cognitive dysfunction and depression. Furthermore, more specific microbial species were identified in the disease model, suggesting that modulation of host metabolism through gut microbes may be a potential avenue for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-yu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long-sheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-gang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-he Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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Cabasso O, Kuppuramalingam A, Lelieveld L, Van der Lienden M, Boot R, Aerts JM, Horowitz M. Animal Models for the Study of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16035. [PMID: 38003227 PMCID: PMC10671165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gaucher disease (GD), a relatively common sphingolipidosis, the mutant lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, fails to properly hydrolyze the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes, particularly of tissue macrophages. As a result, GlcCer accumulates, which, to a certain extent, is converted to its deacylated form, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), by lysosomal acid ceramidase. The inability of mutant GCase to degrade GlcSph further promotes its accumulation. The amount of mutant GCase in lysosomes depends on the amount of mutant ER enzyme that shuttles to them. In the case of many mutant GCase forms, the enzyme is largely misfolded in the ER. Only a fraction correctly folds and is subsequently trafficked to the lysosomes, while the rest of the misfolded mutant GCase protein undergoes ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The retention of misfolded mutant GCase in the ER induces ER stress, which evokes a stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). GD is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical manifestation, including the variant without CNS involvement (type 1), and acute and subacute neuronopathic variants (types 2 and 3). The present review discusses animal models developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Cabasso
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aparna Kuppuramalingam
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Lindsey Lelieveld
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Martijn Van der Lienden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Johannes M. Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
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12
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Usenko T, Bezrukova A, Rudenok MM, Basharova K, Shadrina MI, Slominsky PA, Zakharova E, Pchelina S. Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Substantia Nigra in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Bearing Defective Glucocerebrosidase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12164. [PMID: 37569538 PMCID: PMC10418497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene participates in both the endolysosomal pathway and the immune response. Disruption of these mechanisms is involved in PD pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of PD associated with GBA1 mutations (GBA-PD) are unknown today in particular due to the partial penetrance of GBA1 variants in PD. The modifiers of GBA1 penetrance have not been elucidated. We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of cells from the substantia nigra (SN) of mice with co-injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and selective inhibitor of GCase activity (conduritol-β-epoxide, (CBE)) to mimic PD bearing GCase dysfunction (MPTP+CBE), mice treated with MPTP, mice treated with CBE and control mice treated with injection of sodium chloride (NaCl) (vehicle). Differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and outlier detection were performed. Functional clustering of differentially represented transcripts revealed more processes associated with the functioning of neurogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in MPTP+CBE and MPTP mice than in vehicle mice, with a more pronounced alteration of autophagy processes in MPTP+CBE mice than in MPTP mice. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway may be considered a potential target for therapy in PD with GCase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bezrukova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Katerina Basharova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Petr A. Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Chatterjee D, Krainc D. Mechanisms of Glucocerebrosidase Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168023. [PMID: 36828270 PMCID: PMC10247409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal hydrolase, encoded by GBA1 that represents the most common risk gene associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy Body Dementia. Glucocerebrosidase dysfunction has been also observed in the absence of GBA1 mutations across different genetic and sporadic forms of PD and related disorders, suggesting a broader role of glucocerebrosidase in neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mechanistic characterization of glucocerebrosidase function as the foundation for development of novel therapeutics targeting glucocerebrosidase in PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptaman Chatterjee
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. https://twitter.com/NeilChatterBox
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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14
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Peng Y, Liou B, Lin Y, Mayhew CN, Fleming SM, Sun Y. iPSC-derived neural precursor cells engineering GBA1 recovers acid β-glucosidase deficiency and diminishes α-synuclein and neuropathology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:185-201. [PMID: 37063480 PMCID: PMC10102010 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, encoding the lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (GCase), cause neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) and promote Parkinson disease (PD). The mutations on GBA1 include deletion and missense mutations that are pathological and lead to GCase deficiency in Gaucher disease. Both nGD and PD lack disease-modifying treatments and are critical unmet medical needs. In this study, we evaluated a cell therapy treatment using mouse iPSC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) engineered to overexpress GCase (termed hGBA1-NPCs). The hGBA1-NPCs secreted GCase that was taken up by adjacent mouse Gba -/- neurons and improved GCase activity, reduced GCase substrate accumulation, and improved mitochondrial function. Short-term in vivo effects were evaluated in 9H/PS-NA mice, an nGD mouse model exhibiting neuropathology and α-synuclein aggregation, the typical PD phenotypes. Intravenously administrated hGBA1-NPCs were engrafted throughout the brain and differentiated into neural lineages. GCase activity was increased in various brain regions of treated 9H/PS-NA mice. Compared with vehicle, hGBA1-NPC-transplanted mice showed ∼50% reduction of α-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra, significant reduction of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the regions of NPC migration, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors that support neural cell function. Together, these results support the therapeutic benefit of intravenous delivery of iPSC-derived NPCs overexpressing GCase in mitigating nGD and PD phenotypes and establish the feasibility of combined cell and gene therapy for GBA1-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Peng
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Benjamin Liou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher N. Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sheila M. Fleming
- College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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15
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Jiang Y, Shinohara ML. Microglia C-lectin/selectin' neurons to eat. Immunity 2023; 56:227-229. [PMID: 36792566 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer) accumulates in Gaucher disease, but how β-GlcCer, a Mincle ligand, causes characteristic neuroinflammation and neuronopathy is poorly understood. In this issue of Immunity, Shimizu et al. reveal that Mincle-dependent activation of microglia led to phagocytosis of neurons and neurologic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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16
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Zandl-Lang M, Plecko B, Köfeler H. Lipidomics-Paving the Road towards Better Insight and Precision Medicine in Rare Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021709. [PMID: 36675224 PMCID: PMC9866746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly facilitated the identification of disease-associated mutations, the diagnostic rate of rare diseases is still below 50%. This causes a diagnostic odyssey and prevents specific treatment, as well as genetic counseling for further family planning. Increasing the diagnostic rate and reducing the time to diagnosis in children with unclear disease are crucial for a better patient outcome and improvement of quality of life. In many cases, NGS reveals variants of unknown significance (VUS) that need further investigations. The delineation of novel (lipid) biomarkers is not only crucial to prove the pathogenicity of VUS, but provides surrogate parameters for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Lipids are essential organic compounds in living organisms, serving as building blocks for cellular membranes, energy storage and signaling molecules. Among other disorders, an imbalance in lipid homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, analyzing lipids in biological samples provides great insight into the underlying functional role of lipids in healthy and disease statuses. The method of choice for lipid analysis and/or huge assemblies of lipids (=lipidome) is mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the inherent chemical complexity of the lipidome and the consequent challenges associated with analyzing it, progress in the field of lipidomics has lagged behind other omics disciplines. However, compared to the previous decade, the output of publications on lipidomics has increased more than 17-fold within the last decade and has, therefore, become one of the fastest-growing research fields. Combining multiple omics approaches will provide a unique and efficient tool for determining pathogenicity of VUS at the functional level, and thereby identifying rare, as well as novel, genetic disorders by molecular techniques and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zandl-Lang
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Experiments in genetically altered mice reveal that microglia play an important role in the neurological damage associated with neuro-nopathic Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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