1
|
Pannkuk EL, Moore MS, Bansal S, Kumar K, Suman S, Howell D, Kath JA, Kurta A, Reeder DM, Field KA. White adipose tissue remodeling in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome. Metabolomics 2024; 20:100. [PMID: 39190217 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal wildlife disease of bats that has caused precipitous declines in certain Nearctic bat species. A key driver of mortality is premature exhaustion of fat reserves, primarily white adipose tissue (WAT), that bats rely on to meet their metabolic needs during winter. However, the pathophysiological and metabolic effects of WNS have remained ill-defined. To elucidate metabolic mechanisms associated with WNS mortality, we infected a WNS susceptible species, the Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), with Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) and collected WAT biopsies for histology and targeted lipidomics. These results were compared to the WNS-resistant Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus). A similar distribution in broad lipid class was observed in both species, with total WAT primarily consisting of triacylglycerides. Baseline differences in WAT chemical composition between species showed that higher glycerophospholipids (GPs) levels in E. fuscus were dominated by unsaturated or monounsaturated moieties and n-6 (18:2, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4) fatty acids. Conversely, higher GP levels in M. lucifugus WAT were primarily compounds containing n-3 (20:5 and 22:5) fatty acids. Following Pd-infection, we found that perturbation to WAT reserves occurs in M. lucifugus, but not in the resistant E. fuscus. A total of 66 GPs (primarily glycerophosphocholines and glycerophosphoethanolamines) were higher in Pd-infected M. lucifugus, indicating perturbation to the WAT structural component. In addition to changes in lipid chemistry, smaller adipocyte sizes and increased extracellular matrix deposition was observed in Pd-infected M. lucifugus. This is the first study to describe WAT GP composition of bats with different susceptibilities to WNS and highlights that recovery from WNS may require repair from adipose remodeling in addition to replenishing depot fat during spring emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Marianne S Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daryl Howell
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Joseph A Kath
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Allen Kurta
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - DeeAnn M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simonis MC, Hartzler LK, Turner GG, Scafini MR, Johnson JS, Rúa MA. Capture rates of Eptesicus fuscus increase following white-nose syndrome across the eastern US. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11523. [PMID: 38932974 PMCID: PMC11199122 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife globally. While the effects of infectious diseases on hosts with severe infections and high mortality rates often receive considerable attention, effects on hosts that persist despite infection are less frequently studied. To understand how persisting host populations change in the face of disease, we quantified changes to the capture rates of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bats), a persisting species susceptible to infection by the invasive fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd; causative agent for white-nose syndrome), across the eastern US using a 30-year dataset. Capture rates of male and female E. fuscus increased from preinvasion to pathogen establishment years, with greater increases to the capture rates of females than males. Among females, capture rates of pregnant and post-lactating females increased by pathogen establishment. We outline potential mechanisms for these broad demographic changes in E. fuscus capture rates (i.e., increases to foraging from energy deficits created by Pd infection, increases to relative abundance, or changes to reproductive cycles), and suggest future research for identifying mechanisms for increasing capture rates across the eastern US. These data highlight the importance of understanding how populations of persisting host species change following pathogen invasion across a broad spatial scale. Understanding changes to population composition following pathogen invasion can identify broad ecological patterns across space and time, and open new avenues for research to identify drivers of those patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Simonis
- Environmental Sciences PhD ProgramWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Lynn K. Hartzler
- Environmental Sciences PhD ProgramWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
| | - Gregory G. Turner
- Pennsylvania Game Commission Bureau of Wildlife ManagementHarrisburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael R. Scafini
- Pennsylvania Game Commission Bureau of Wildlife ManagementHarrisburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph S. Johnson
- School of Information TechnologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Megan A. Rúa
- Environmental Sciences PhD ProgramWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simonis MC, Hartzler LK, Turner GG, Scafini MR, Johnson JS, Rúa MA. Long‐term exposure to an invasive fungal pathogen decreases
Eptesicus fuscus
body mass with increasing latitude. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Simonis
- Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
- Environmental Sciences PhD Program Wright State University Dayton Ohio USA
| | - Lynn K. Hartzler
- Environmental Sciences PhD Program Wright State University Dayton Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University Dayton Ohio USA
| | - Gregory G. Turner
- Bureau of Wildlife Management Pennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael R. Scafini
- Bureau of Wildlife Management Pennsylvania Game Commission Harrisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joseph S. Johnson
- School of Information Technology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Megan A. Rúa
- Environmental Sciences PhD Program Wright State University Dayton Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University Dayton Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pannkuk EL, Dorville NASY, Bansal S, Bansal S, Dzal YA, Fletcher QE, Norquay KJO, Fornace AJ, Willis CKR. White-Nose Syndrome Disrupts the Splenic Lipidome of Little Brown Bats ( Myotis lucifugus) at Early Disease Stages. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:182-192. [PMID: 36479878 PMCID: PMC9929917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS)-positive little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) may exhibit immune responses including increased cytokine and pro-inflammatory mediator gene levels. Bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) formed by enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids can contribute to these immune responses, but have not been investigated in WNS pathophysiology. Nonenzymatic conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids can also occur due to reactive oxygen species, however, these enantiomeric isomers will lack the same signaling properties. In this study, we performed a series of targeted lipidomic approaches on laboratory Pseudogymnoascus destructans-inoculated bats to assess changes in their splenic lipidome, including the formation of lipid mediators at early stages of WNS. Hepatic lipids previously identified were also resolved to a higher structural detail. We compared WNS-susceptible M. lucifugus to a WNS-resistant species, the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). Altered splenic lipid levels were only observed in M. lucifugus. Differences in splenic free fatty acids included both omega-3 and omega-6 compounds. Increased levels of an enantiomeric monohydroxy DHA mixture were found, suggesting nonenzymatic formation. Changes in previously identified hepatic lipids were confined to omega-3 constituents. Together, these results suggest that increased oxidative stress, but not an inflammatory response, is occurring in bats at early stages of WNS that precedes fat depletion. These data have been submitted to metabolomics workbench and assigned a study number ST002304.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America,Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America,Corresponding Authors: Evan L. Pannkuk, PhD, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC, USA, 20057, , Phone: (202) 687-5650, Craig K.R. Willis, PhD, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada, , Phone: (204) 786-9433
| | - Nicole A. S.-Y. Dorville
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America
| | - Yvonne A. Dzal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Quinn E. Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Kaleigh J. O. Norquay
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America,Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States of America
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada,Corresponding Authors: Evan L. Pannkuk, PhD, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC, USA, 20057, , Phone: (202) 687-5650, Craig K.R. Willis, PhD, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada, , Phone: (204) 786-9433
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwait R, Kerwin K, Herzog C, Bennett J, Padhi S, Zoccolo I, Maslo B. Whole‐room ultraviolet sanitization as a method for the site‐level treatment of
Pseudogymnoascus destructans. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kwait
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Kathleen Kerwin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Carl Herzog
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Albany New York USA
| | - Joan Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Sally Padhi
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Isabelle Zoccolo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Brooke Maslo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnson C, Brown DJ, Sanders C, Stihler CW. Long-term changes in occurrence, relative abundance, and reproductive fitness of bat species in relation to arrival of White-nose Syndrome in West Virginia, USA. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12453-12467. [PMID: 34594512 PMCID: PMC8462164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans which has resulted in the deaths of millions of bats across eastern North America. To date, hibernacula counts have been the predominant means of tracking the spread and impact of this disease on bat populations. However, an understanding of the impacts of WNS on demographic parameters outside the winter season is critical to conservation and recovery of bat populations impacted by this disease. We used long-term monitoring data to examine WNS-related impacts to summer populations in West Virginia, where WNS has been documented since 2009. Using capture data from 290 mist-net sites surveyed from 2003 to 2019 on the Monongahela National Forest, we estimated temporal patterns in presence and relative abundance for each bat species. For species that exhibited a population-level response to WNS, we investigated post-WNS changes in adult female reproductive state and body mass. Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat), M. septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat), and Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat) all showed significant decreases in presence and relative abundance during and following the introduction of WNS, while Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) and Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) responded positively during the WNS invasion. Probability of being reproductively active was not significantly different for any species, though a shift to earlier reproduction was estimated for E. fuscus and M. septentrionalis. For some species, body mass appeared to be influenced by the WNS invasion, but the response differed by species and reproductive state. Results suggest that continued long-term monitoring studies, additional research into impacts of this disease on the fitness of WNS survivors, and a focus on providing optimal nonwintering habitat may be valuable strategies for assessing and promoting recovery of WNS-affected bat populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Johnson
- Monongahela National ForestU.S. Forest ServiceElkinsWest VirginiaUSA
- Region 1National Park ServiceNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Donald J. Brown
- School of Natural ResourcesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Northern Research StationU.S.D.A. Forest ServiceParsonsWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Craig W. Stihler
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (retired)ElkinsWest VirginiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whiting-Fawcett F, Field KA, Puechmaille SJ, Blomberg AS, Lilley TM. Heterothermy and antifungal responses in bats. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 62:61-67. [PMID: 34098511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation, a period where bats have suppressed immunity and low body temperatures, provides the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans the opportunity to colonise bat skin, leading to severe disease in susceptible species. Innate immunity, which requires less energy and may remain more active during torpor, can control infections with local inflammation in some bat species that are resistant to infection. If infection is not controlled before emergence from hibernation, ineffective adaptive immune mechanisms are activated, including incomplete Th1, ineffective Th2, and variable Th17 responses. The Th17 and neutrophil responses, normally beneficial antifungal mechanisms, appear to be sources of immunopathology for susceptible bat species, because they are hyperactivated after return to homeothermy. Non-susceptible species show both well-balanced and suppressed immune responses both during and after hibernation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Whiting-Fawcett
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Thomas M Lilley
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pannkuk EL, Dorville NASY, Dzal YA, Fletcher QE, Norquay KJO, Willis CKR, Fornace AJ, Laiakis EC. Hepatic lipid signatures of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at early stages of white-nose syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11581. [PMID: 34078939 PMCID: PMC8172879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emergent wildlife fungal disease of cave-dwelling, hibernating bats that has led to unprecedented mortalities throughout North America. A primary factor in WNS-associated bat mortality includes increased arousals from torpor and premature fat depletion during winter months. Details of species and sex-specific changes in lipid metabolism during WNS are poorly understood and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Given the likely role of fat metabolism in WNS and the fact that the liver plays a crucial role in fatty acid distribution and lipid storage, we assessed hepatic lipid signatures of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at an early stage of infection with the etiological agent, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). Differences in lipid profiles were detected at the species and sex level in the sham-inoculated treatment, most strikingly in higher hepatic triacylglyceride (TG) levels in E. fuscus females compared to males. Interestingly, several dominant TGs (storage lipids) decreased dramatically after Pd infection in both female M. lucifugus and E. fuscus. Increases in hepatic glycerophospholipid (structural lipid) levels were only observed in M. lucifugus, including two phosphatidylcholines (PC [32:1], PC [42:6]) and one phosphatidylglycerol (PG [34:1]). These results suggest that even at early stages of WNS, changes in hepatic lipid mobilization may occur and be species and sex specific. As pre-hibernation lipid reserves may aid in bat persistence and survival during WNS, these early perturbations to lipid metabolism could have important implications for management responses that aid in pre-hibernation fat storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Nicole A S-Y Dorville
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yvonne A Dzal
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Quinn E Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kaleigh J O Norquay
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Craig K R Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fritze M, Puechmaille SJ, Costantini D, Fickel J, Voigt CC, Czirják GÁ. Determinants of defence strategies of a hibernating European bat species towards the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104017. [PMID: 33476670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent of white-nose syndrome in North America, has decimated bat populations within a decade. The fungus impacts bats during hibernation when physiological functions, including immune responses, are down-regulated. Studies have shown that Pd is native to Europe, where it is not associated with mass mortalities. Moreover, genomic and proteomic studies indicated that European bats may have evolved an effective immune defence, which is lacking in North American bats. However, it is still unclear which defence strategy enables European bats to cope with the pathogen. Here, we analyzed selected physiological and immunological parameters in torpid, Pd infected European greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) showing three different levels of infection (asymptomatic, mild and severe symptoms). From a subset of the studied bats we tracked skin temperatures during one month of hibernation. Contrasting North American bats, arousal patterns remained unaffected by Pd infections in M. myotis. In general, heavier M. myotis aroused more often from hibernation and showed less severe disease symptoms than lean individuals; most likely because heavy bats were capable of reducing the Pd load more effectively than lean individuals. In the blood of severely infected bats, we found higher gene expression levels of an inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β), but lower levels of an acute phase protein (haptoglobin), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (OXY) compared to conspecifics with lower levels of infection. We conclude that M. myotis, and possibly also other European bat species, tolerate Pd infections during torpor by using selected acute phase response parameters at baseline levels, yet without arousing from torpor and without synthesizing additional immune molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Fritze
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- Institut des Sciences de L'Evolution, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jörns Fickel
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simonis MC, Brown BKG, Bahn V. Mobile Bat Acoustic Routes Indicate Cavity-Roosting Species Undergo Compensatory Changes in Community Composition Following White-Nose Syndrome. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.2.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Simonis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Bridget K. G. Brown
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Volker Bahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bernard RF, Reichard JD, Coleman JTH, Blackwood JC, Verant ML, Segers JL, Lorch JM, White J, Moore MS, Russell AL, Katz RA, Lindner DL, Toomey RS, Turner GG, Frick WF, Vonhof MJ, Willis CKR, Grant EHC. Identifying research needs to inform white‐nose syndrome management decisions. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riley F. Bernard
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
- United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory Turners Falls Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Julie C. Blackwood
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWilliams College Williamstown Massachusetts USA
| | - Michelle L. Verant
- Biological Resource DivisionWildlife Health Branch Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Jordi L. Segers
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
| | - Jeffery M. Lorch
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - John White
- Bureau of Natural Heritage ConservationWisconsin Department of Natural Resources Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Marianne S. Moore
- College of Integrative Science and ArtsArizona State University Mesa Arizona USA
| | - Amy L. Russell
- Department of BiologyGrand Valley State University Allendale Michigan USA
| | - Rachel A. Katz
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service Hadley Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel L. Lindner
- United States Forest ServiceNorthern Research Station Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | | | - Winifred F. Frick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa Cruz California USA
- Bat Conservation International Austin Texas USA
| | - Maarten J. Vonhof
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan USA
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo Michigan USA
| | | | - Evan H. C. Grant
- United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory Turners Falls Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fletcher QE, Webber QMR, Willis CKR. Modelling the potential efficacy of treatments for white‐nose syndrome in bats. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn E. Fletcher
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C‐FIR) University of Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Quinn M. R. Webber
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C‐FIR) University of Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada
- Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Interdisciplinary Program Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C‐FIR) University of Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Foley NM, Petit EJ, Brazier T, Finarelli JA, Hughes GM, Touzalin F, Puechmaille SJ, Teeling EC. Drivers of longitudinal telomere dynamics in a long‐lived bat species,
Myotis myotis. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2963-2977. [PMID: 32105386 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Foley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Eric J. Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus Ouest INRAE Rennes France
| | - Thomas Brazier
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus Ouest INRAE Rennes France
| | - John A. Finarelli
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Frédéric Touzalin
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
- ISEM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lilley TM, Prokkola JM, Blomberg AS, Paterson S, Johnson JS, Turner GG, Bartonička T, Bachorec E, Reeder DM, Field KA. Resistance is futile: RNA-sequencing reveals differing responses to bat fungal pathogen in Nearctic Myotis lucifugus and Palearctic Myotis myotis. Oecologia 2019; 191:295-309. [PMID: 31506746 PMCID: PMC6763535 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Resistance and tolerance allow organisms to cope with potentially life-threatening pathogens. Recently introduced pathogens initially induce resistance responses, but natural selection favors the development of tolerance, allowing for a commensal relationship to evolve. Mycosis by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, causing white-nose syndrome (WNS) in Nearctic hibernating bats, has resulted in population declines since 2006. The pathogen, which spread from Europe, has infected species of Palearctic Myotis for a longer period. We compared ecologically relevant responses to the fungal infection in the susceptible Nearctic M. lucifugus and less susceptible Palearctic M. myotis, to uncover factors contributing to survival differences in the two species. Samples were collected from euthermic bats during arousal from hibernation, a naturally occurring phenomenon, during which transcriptional responses are activated. We compared the whole-transcriptome responses in wild bats infected with P. destructans hibernating in their natural habitat. Our results show dramatically different local transcriptional responses to the pathogen between uninfected and infected samples from the two species. Whereas we found 1526 significantly upregulated or downregulated transcripts in infected M. lucifugus, only one transcript was downregulated in M. myotis. The upregulated response pathways in M. lucifugus include immune cell activation and migration, and inflammatory pathways, indicative of an unsuccessful attempt to resist the infection. In contrast, M. myotis appears to tolerate P. destructans infection by not activating a transcriptional response. These host-microbe interactions determine pathology, contributing to WNS susceptibility, or commensalism, promoting tolerance to fungal colonization during hibernation that favors survival. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-019-04499-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Lilley
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Jenni M Prokkola
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Tomáš Bartonička
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Bachorec
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Field KA, Sewall BJ, Prokkola JM, Turner GG, Gagnon MF, Lilley TM, Paul White J, Johnson JS, Hauer CL, Reeder DM. Effect of torpor on host transcriptomic responses to a fungal pathogen in hibernating bats. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3727-3743. [PMID: 30080945 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation, the use of prolonged torpor to depress metabolism, is employed by mammals to conserve resources during extended periods of extreme temperatures and/or resource limitation. Mammalian hibernators arouse to euthermy periodically during torpor for reasons that are not well understood, and these arousals may facilitate immune processes. To determine whether arousals enable host responses to pathogens, we used dual RNA-Seq and a paired sampling approach to examine gene expression in a hibernating bat, the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus). During torpor, transcript levels differed in only a few genes between uninfected wing tissue and adjacent tissue infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome. Within 70-80 min after emergence from torpor, large changes in gene expression were observed due to local infection, particularly in genes involved in pro-inflammatory host responses to fungal pathogens, but also in many genes involved in immune responses and metabolism. These results support the hypothesis that torpor is a period of relative immune dormancy and arousals allow for local immune responses in infected tissues during hibernation. Host-pathogen interactions were also found to regulate gene expression in the pathogen differently depending on the torpor state of the host. Hibernating species must balance the benefits of energy and water conservation achieved during torpor with the costs of decreased immune competence. Interbout arousals allow hibernators to optimize these, and other, trade-offs during prolonged hibernation by enabling host responses to pathogens within brief, periodic episodes of euthermy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Brent J Sewall
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenni M Prokkola
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory G Turner
- Wildlife Diversity Division, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianne F Gagnon
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas M Lilley
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - J Paul White
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph S Johnson
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | | | - DeeAnn M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|