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Duarte-Benvenuto A, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ewbank AC, Zamana-Ramblas R, Costa-Silva S, Silvestre N, Faita T, Keid LB, Soares RM, Pessi CF, Sabbadini JR, Borges MF, Ferioli RB, Marcon M, Barbosa CB, Fernandes NCCA, Ibáñez-Porras P, Navas-Suárez PE, Catão-Dias JL, Sacristán C. Bacterial septicemia and herpesvirus infection in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) stranded in the São Paulo coast, Brazil. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2819-2826. [PMID: 38822954 PMCID: PMC11315713 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In August 2021, two juvenile male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) stranded in the southeastern Brazilian coast and were referred to rehabilitation centers. The animals presented increased body temperature, prostration, respiratory distress and despite treatment died. A necropsy following a standardized protocol was performed, and formalin-fixed tissues were processed for microscopic examination. Samples were screened for morbillivirus, herpesvirus, and Brucella spp. by molecular analyses (PCR, RT-PCR). Bacteriological culture was performed in samples collected from the lungs, trachea, and lymph nodes of both cases. The main histopathologic findings were of infectious nature, including multifocal necrotizing and fibrinous mixed interstitial pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and bronchitis, with intralesional myriad bacteria associated with vascular fibrinoid necrosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from tracheal and lung swabs of Case 1, and Klebsiella oxytoca was found in nostril swabs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and lung of Case 2. Gammaherpesvirus infection was detected in both cases, and the sequences retrieved were classified into the genus Percavirus. All tested samples were PCR-negative for Brucella spp. and morbillivirus. We hypothesize that the deficient immunological status in association with starvation predisposed the reactivation of herpesvirus and secondary bacterial co-infections. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of herpesvirus in an Antarctic pinniped. These findings reinforce that Otariid gammaherpesvirus circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are likely endemic in the Arctocephalus genus. This report contributes to the current knowledge of health aspects affecting wild pinnipeds, especially in the poorly studied Antarctic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aricia Duarte-Benvenuto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - A C Ewbank
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - R Zamana-Ramblas
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - N Silvestre
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - T Faita
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Keid
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Soares
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C F Pessi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia, Cananéia, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Sabbadini
- Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia, Cananéia, SP, Brazil
| | - M F Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia, Cananéia, SP, Brazil
| | - R B Ferioli
- Instituto Argonauta para a Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Marcon
- Instituto Argonauta para a Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - C B Barbosa
- Instituto Argonauta para a Conservação Costeira e Marinha, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - P Ibáñez-Porras
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - P E Navas-Suárez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário - FAM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J L Catão-Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Valdeolmos, Spain.
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Porta AO, Loureiro JP, Castelo MK. First record of Orthohalarachneattenuata in Arctocephalusaustralis in mainland Argentina (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata, Dermanyssoidea, Halarachnidae) with observations on its ambulacral morphology. Zookeys 2024; 1207:355-368. [PMID: 39091451 PMCID: PMC11292120 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1207.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinniped respiratory mites of the species Orthohalarachneattenuata have been recorded from various locations around the world but not from continental Argentina. In the present work, we document for the first time the presence of O.attenuata on Arctocephalusaustralis on the Argentine mainland. A total of 23 adult and 381 immature mites were collected from the nose and nasopharyngeal cavity during a necropsy. The mite ambulacrum is described in adults and larvae. This structure consists of a pretarsus, an extensible pulvillum, a pair of claws and paradactyli (pretarsus opercula). The ambulacral structures also have some peculiarities, such as the presence of longitudinal furrows in the claws, straight claws in legs II and III (as opposed to curved in legs I and IV), and the fin-shaped paradactyli. The morphology of the ambulacrum of this mite is interpreted as an adaptation for anchoring to different surfaces of the host, and the protective structures present in the larvae as an adaptation for the dispersal phase in the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Osvaldo Porta
- División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA, UBA-CONICET), Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Oeste, Belgrano 369 C1718, San Antonio de Padua, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Loureiro
- Fundación Mundo Marino, Av. X 157, San Clemente del Tuyú B7105, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Karina Castelo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA, UBA-CONICET), Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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3
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Tang KN, Adkesson MJ, Cárdenas-Alayza S, Adamovicz L, Deming AC, Wellehan JFX, Childress A, Cortes-Hinojosa G, Colegrove K, Langan JN, Allender MC. Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and a novel related herpesvirus in free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia): Prevalence and effects of age, sex, and sample type. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299404. [PMID: 38446776 PMCID: PMC10917305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 (OtGHV1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSL), and until recently was reported only in the Northern Hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia; SASL) and South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis: SAFS) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtGHV1 and to determine prevalence characteristics. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds of both species tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing of SAFS amplicons revealed 100% homology to OtGHV1 at the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and viral bcl2-like genes. Sequencing of SASL amplicons revealed a novel related virus, herein called Otariid gammaherpesvirus 8 (OtGHV8). For comparison of sample sites, urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds of both species at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtGHV1/8 DNA polymerase gene using a qPCR assay now determined to cross-react between the two viruses. In total, across both species, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtGHV1/8, with SASL only positive on urogenital swabs. Results from SASL were complicated by the finding of OtGHV8, necessitating further study to determine prevalence of OtGHV1 versus OtGHV8 using an alternate assay. Results from SAFS suggest a potential relationship between OtGHV1 in SAFS and CSL. Though necropsy surveillance in SAFS is very limited, geographic patterns of OtGHV1-associated urogenital carcinoma in CSL and the tendency of herpesviruses to cause more detrimental disease in aberrant hosts suggests that it is possible that SAFS may be the definitive host of OtGHV1, which gives further insight into the diversity and phyogeography of this clade of related gammaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa N. Tang
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
- Illinois Zoological and Aquatic Animal Residency, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Adkesson
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Susana Cárdenas-Alayza
- Centro para la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Laura Adamovicz
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Alissa C. Deming
- Pacific Marine Mammal Center, Laguna Beach, CA, United States of America
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - James F. X. Wellehan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - April Childress
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Galaxia Cortes-Hinojosa
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kathleen Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Langan
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Allender
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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Sub-Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, crossing hemispheres far offshore at São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago, Brazil. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reisfeld L, Fernandes NCCA, Sarmiento A, Canedo P, Salvagni F, Ewbank AC, Zecchini Barrese T, Cilento Ponce C, Albergaria Ressio R, Catão-Dias JL, Sacristán C. Myeloid and histiocytic sarcomas in subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis, Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 148:13-18. [PMID: 35142294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used to diagnose round cell tumors in 2 subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis with marked anemia. Although wild-born, both individuals were placed under human care while juveniles in a Brazilian aquarium. Both pinnipeds were PCR tested for herpesvirus, and 1 was infected with otariid gammaherpesvirus 5 (OtHV-5), previously described in a subantarctic fur seal stranded in Brazil. Although some gammaherpesviruses can cause sarcomas and other neoplasms, it was not possible to definitively associate OtHV-5 with the neoplasm. To our knowledge, these are the first neoplasm records in subantarctic fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reisfeld
- Aquário de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Huet Bacelar 407, 04275-000 SP, Brazil
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