TOXOPLASMA GONDII PREVALENCE, PARTIAL GENOTYPES, AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN NORTH AMERICAN RIVER OTTERS (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN, USA

Cystoisospora spp. infection at a dog breeding facility in the Madrid region: Infection rate and clinical management based on toltrazuril metaphylaxis

Canine coccidiosis caused by Cystoisospora canis and Cystoisospora ohioensis-complex is common in kennels. While often underestimated, coccidiosis may cause severe clinical signs in puppies and sometimes even lead to death, so preventative measures are important. This study examines Cystoisospora spp. infection at a Labrador retriever breeding facility in Madrid, Spain. To identify environmental factors associated with infection, dams were examined throughout a reproductive cycle (from oestrus to 60 days postpartum) and their puppies during their first 60 days of life. Also assessed was the efficacy of combined treatment with emodepside (0.9 mg/ml) and toltrazuril (18 mg/ml) at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of weight, equivalent to 0.45 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg, respectively, in puppies on day 35 of life. Oocyst shedding was detected in 4.6-18.6% of 45 dams examined and in 2.2-9.1% of their litters (315 puppies). In both cases, peak opg elimination was recorded on day 30 postpartum/of life. The species of Cystoisospora detected were C. canis (91.3%) and C. ohioensis-complex (8.7%). While in both dams and puppies opg counts were higher in autumn when rainfall was at its highest, correlation between opg and rainfall emerged as significant only in puppies (p = 0.031). The treatment of 35 day-old puppies with toltrazuril was 100% effective in controlling this infection in the kennel. Our findings therefore suggest the need for a strict hygiene regime and the use of toltrazuril as blanket treatment to reduce Cystoisospora transmission in dog breeding facilities.