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Kaluzhskiy L, Yablokov E, Gnedenko O, Burkatovskii D, Maslov I, Bogorodskiy A, Ershov P, Tsybruk T, Zelepuga E, Rutckova T, Kozlovskaya E, Dmitrenok P, Gilep A, Borshchevskiy V, Strushkevich N, Ivanov A. The effect of membrane composition on the interaction between human CYP51 and its flavonoid inhibitor - luteolin 7,3'-disulfate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184286. [PMID: 38272204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a family of membrane proteins involved in the production of endogenous molecules and the metabolism of xenobiotics. It is well-known that the composition of the membrane can influence the activity and orientation of CYP proteins. However, little is known about how membrane composition affects the ligand binding properties of CYP. In this study, we utilized surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence lifetime analysis to examine the impact of membrane micro-environment composition on the interaction between human microsomal CYP51 (CYP51A1) and its inhibitor, luteolin 7,3'-disulphate (LDS). We observed that membranes containing cholesterol or sphingomyelin exhibited the lowest apparent equilibrium dissociation constant for the CYP51A1-LDS complex. Additionally, the tendency for relation between kinetic parameters of the CYP51A1-LDS complex and membrane viscosity and overall charge was observed. These findings suggest that the specific composition of the membrane, particularly the presence of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, plays a vital role in regulating the interaction between CYP enzymes and their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oksana Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii Burkatovskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Pavel Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatsiana Tsybruk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Rutckova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Emma Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Andrei Gilep
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Natallia Strushkevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia.
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Lee HB, Khan R, Vally M, Orchard A. A scoping review on natural cholesterol lowering supplements sold in South African pharmacies. Health SA 2024; 29:2299. [PMID: 38445038 PMCID: PMC10913186 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidaemia is defined as elevated total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Patients may often make use of natural cholesterol lowering supplements (NCLSs) available at the pharmacy; however, limited information on these supplements is readily available. Pharmacists should be knowledgeable about NCLSs to ensure that the use of these supplements is supported by evidence and to provide appropriate advice to patients for desirable therapeutic outcomes. Aim This study aimed to identify the NCLSs being sold in South African pharmacies and review the scientific evidence for each of the ingredients in these NCLSs. Methods Seventeen NCLS products were identified, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology was used to conduct a literature review of NCLSs. Results From the ingredients reviewed it is evident that co-enzyme Q10, probiotics and sterols have sufficient evidence supporting their use. However, there is still limited scientific evidence available to validate the remaining ingredients. Conclusion Further research on NCLSs will provide practising pharmacists and practitioners with a guide of the evidence available on the various ingredients in NCLSs. Contribution This study provides a review of the available literature on the NCLSs being sold in the pharmacies across South Africa to provide pharmacists with a collated document of the evidence behind these popular supplements to assist them in making evidence based informed decision regarding natural products for cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Bok Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Razeeya Khan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Muhammed Vally
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vasileva V, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin V. Regulation of PIEZO1 channels by lipids and the structural components of extracellular matrix/cell cytoskeleton. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:918-930. [PMID: 36947588 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive channel widely presented in eukaryotic organisms. Although the PIEZO family was discovered in 2010, main questions related to the molecular structure as well as to specific activation mechanisms and regulating pathways remain open. Two hypotheses of PIEZO1 gating were formulated: the first, as a dominant hypothesis, through the plasma membrane (force-from-lipids) and the second, via the participation of the cytoskeleton and the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) (force-from-filaments). Many researchers provide convincing evidence for both hypotheses. It was demonstrated that PIEZO1 has a propeller-like shape forming a membrane curvature within the lipid bilayer. That suggests the participation of lipids in channel modulation, and many studies demonstrate the critical role of lipids and compounds that modify the lipid bilayer in the regulation of PIEZO1 properties. At the same time, the components of ECM and cortical cytoskeleton can be affected by the membrane curvature and thus have an impact on PIEZO1 properties. In living cells, PIEZO1 properties are reported to be critically dependent on channel microenvironment that is on combinatorial influence of plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and ECM. Thus, it is necessary to understand which factors can affect PIEZO1 and consider them when interpreting the role of PIEZO1 in various physiological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about regulation of Piezo1 by lipids and the components of ECM and cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vasileva
- Group of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signalling, Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin
- Group of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signalling, Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Belugina R, Senchikhina A, Volkov S, Fedorov A, Legin A, Kirsanov D. Quantification of phosphatides in sunflower oils using a potentiometric e-tongue. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3064-3070. [PMID: 35938623 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Consisting of two fatty acyl groups, phospholipids are a vital part of vegetable oils and the source of essential fatty acids. Moreover, phospholipids influence oxidative and flavor stability and color evolution of vegetable oils, and their quantification has a significant role in the quality assessment of oils. In this study, we proposed a new highly efficient, affordable, environmentally friendly, and simple approach for the evaluation of phospholipid concentrations based on potentiometric multisensor systems coupled with chemometric data processing. Support vector machines, partial least squares, and multiple linear regressions were used to predict phosphatide concentrations based on potentiometric multisensor system responses. Application of multivariate regression tools yielded the following root mean square errors of prediction: 0.005 mg/100 g of oil in the range 0.0-59.4 mg/100 g for refined oils; 0.008 mg/100 g in the range 0.0-100 mg/100 g for low phosphatide oils and 0.24 mg/100 g in the range 100-2270 mg/100 g for high phosphatide oils. This approach can be considered as a rapid and straightforward method to quantify the phosphatides in sunflower oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Volkov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Fats (ARRIF), St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Fedorov
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia.
- All-Russian Research Institute of Fats (ARRIF), St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Legin
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
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Sun D, Zhang M, Wei M, Wang Z, Qiao W, Liu P, Zhong X, Liang Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yu W. Ox-LDL-mediated ILF3 overexpression in gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3887-3909. [PMID: 35507914 PMCID: PMC9134943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia and interleukin-enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) in gastric cancer, and provide insights into the potential application of statins as an agent to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Methods: The expression levels of ILF3 in gastric cancer were examined with publicly available datasets such as TCGA, and western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression of ILF3 in clinical specimens. The effects of ox-LDL on expression of ILF3 were further verified with western blot analyses. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway analyses were performed to reveal the potential downstream signaling pathway targets of ILF3. The effects of statins and ILF3 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were investigated with Edu assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blot demonstrated that the positive expression rates of ILF3 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than adjacent mucosa tissues. The ox-LDL promoted the expression of ILF3 in a time-concentration-dependent manner. ILF3 promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer by inhibiting the expression of ILF3. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that ox-LDL promotes ILF3 overexpression to regulate gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibits the expression of ILF3, which might be a new targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yize Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Nursing Department, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yadi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Laka K, Makgoo L, Mbita Z. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway for Anticancer Interventions. Front Genet 2022; 13:841639. [PMID: 35391801 PMCID: PMC8981032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a plethora of cancer causes and the road to fully understanding the carcinogenesis process remains a dream that keeps changing. However, a list of role players that are implicated in the carcinogens process is getting lengthier. Cholesterol is known as bad sterol that is heavily linked with cardiovascular diseases; however, it is also comprehensively associated with carcinogenesis. There is an extensive list of strategies that have been used to lower cholesterol; nevertheless, the need to find better and effective strategies remains vastly important. The role played by cholesterol in the induction of the carcinogenesis process has attracted huge interest in recent years. Phytochemicals can be dubbed as magic tramp cards that humans could exploit for lowering cancer-causing cholesterol. Additionally, the mechanisms that are regulated by phytochemicals can be targeted for anticancer drug development. One of the key role players in cancer development and suppression, Tumour Protein 53 (TP53), is crucial in regulating the biogenesis of cholesterol and is targeted by several phytochemicals. This minireview covers the role of p53 in the mevalonate pathway and how bioactive phytochemicals target the mevalonate pathway and promote p53-dependent anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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Romero-Luna HE, Peredo-Lovillo AG, Jiménez-Fernández M. Probiotic and Potentially Probiotic Bacteria with Hypocholesterolemic Properties. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1926481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haydee Eliza Romero-Luna
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Audry Gustavo Peredo-Lovillo
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Maribel Jiménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Estabilidad de Alimentos, Centro De Investigación Y Desarrollo En Alimentos. Universidad Veracruzana. Dr. Castelazo Ayala S/n Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Ha NT, Lee CH. Roles of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 in Tumour and Tumour Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112352. [PMID: 33113804 PMCID: PMC7693003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1, squalene synthase), a membrane-associated enzyme, synthesizes squalene via condensation of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Accumulating evidence has noted that FDFT1 plays a critical role in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and invasion. Based on these advances in our knowledge, FDFT1 could be a potential target for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the contribution of FDFT1 to the hallmarks of cancer, and further, we discuss the applicability of FDFT1 as a cancer prognostic marker and target for anticancer therapy.
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Zartner L, Muthwill MS, Dinu IA, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. The rise of bio-inspired polymer compartments responding to pathology-related signals. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6252-6270. [PMID: 32452509 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized nano- and microscale polymer compartments such as polymersomes, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) and layer-by-layer (LbL) capsules have increasing potential in many sensing applications. Besides modifying the physicochemical properties of the corresponding polymer building blocks, the versatility of these compartments can be markedly expanded by biomolecules that endow the nanomaterials with specific molecular and cellular functions. In this review, we focus on polymer-based compartments that preserve their structure, and highlight the key role they play in the field of medical diagnostics: first, the self-assembling abilities that result in preferred architectures are presented for a broad range of polymers. In the following, we describe different strategies for sensing disease-related signals (pH-change, reductive conditions, and presence of ions or biomolecules) by polymer compartments that exhibit stimuli-responsiveness. In particular, we distinguish between the stimulus-sensitivity contributed by the polymer itself or by additional compounds embedded in the compartments in different sensing systems. We then address necessary properties of sensing polymeric compartments, such as the enhancement of their stability and biocompatibility, or the targeting ability, that open up new perspectives for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zartner
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Mattenstr. 24a, BPR1096, Basel, Switzerland.
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Reyes AWB, Arayan LT, Huy TXN, Vu SH, Min W, Hur J, Kim S. β-Sitosterol Contributes in the Resistance to Invasion and Survival of Brucella abortus 544 within RAW264.7 Cells, and Cytokine Production with Reduced Susceptibility to Infection in BALB/c Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:482-489. [PMID: 31893609 PMCID: PMC9728205 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified β-sitosterol (BS) as one of the most abundant compounds found in Korean red ginseng oil. BS is a widely prevalent vegetable-derived phytosterol with many known health benefits. Here, we investigated the efficacy of BS against Brucella (B.) abortus infection. BS showed no effect on bacterial growth but attenuated internalization, intracellular survival and MAPKs-linked intracellular signaling in RAW264.7 cells. BS treatment in cells is also associated with increased nitrite concentration during infection at 24 h. Slightly enhanced resistance to B. abortus infection was observed in mice orally given BS, which could be mediated by induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our study demonstrates the contribution of BS treatment against B. abortus infection although further investigation is encouraged to maximize its beneficial effects against intracellular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Togonon Arayan
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Son Hai Vu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-55-772-2359 Fax: +82-55-772-2349 E-mail:
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Baralić K, Buha Djordjevic A, Živančević K, Antonijević E, Anđelković M, Javorac D, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Toxic Effects of the Mixture of Phthalates and Bisphenol A-Subacute Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E746. [PMID: 31979393 PMCID: PMC7037109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A, classified as endocrine disruptors, have weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic properties, and affect thyroid hormone regulation. The aim of this study on male rats was to compare the subacute toxic effects of low doses of single compounds (bis (2 -ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA)) with the effects of their mixture through different biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: Control (corn oil), DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day), and MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral treatment and blood was collected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that the mixture produced significant changes in lipid profile, liver-related biochemical parameters, and glucose level. Furthermore, the opposite effects of single substances on the thyroxine level have been shown in comparison with the mixture, as well as a more pronounced effect of the mixture on testosterone level. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the toxicology of mixtures and gives one more evidence of the paramount importance of mixture toxicity studies, especially in assessing the endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.D.); (K.Ž.); (E.A.); (M.A.); (D.J.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
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Makkos A, Szántai Á, Pálóczi J, Pipis J, Kiss B, Poggi P, Ferdinandy P, Chatgilialoglu A, Görbe A. A Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Hypercholesterolemia in Rat Cardiac Myocyte Cultures. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1564. [PMID: 31992989 PMCID: PMC6962358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of comorbidity models is crucial in cardioprotective drug development. Hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial and myocardial dysfunction, as well as aggravates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. Endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms against I/R are impaired in hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic in vivo animal models. Therefore, our aim was to develop a medium throughput comorbidity cell-based test system of myocardial I/R injury, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia that mimics comorbidity conditions. Methods Cardiac myocytes isolated from neonatal or adult rat hearts were cultured in control or in three different hypercholesterolemic media with increasing cholesterol content (hiChol) or hiChol + hyperglycemic medium, respectively. Each group was then subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or corresponding normoxic condition, respectively. Cholesterol uptake was tested by Filipin staining in neonatal cardiac myocytes. Cell viability, total cell count and oxidative stress, i.e., total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide level were measured by fluorescent assays. Results Neonatal cardiac myocytes took up cholesterol from the different hiChol media at a concentration-dependent manner. In normoxia, viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was not significantly changed, however, superoxide levels were increased as compared to vehicle. After SI/R, the viability of hiChol neonatal cardiac myocytes was decreased and total ROS level was increased as compared to vehicle. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death and oxidative stress in normoxic as well as in SI/R conditions. Viability of hiChol adult cardiac myocytes was significantly decreased and superoxide level was increased in normoxia and these changes were further aggravated by SI/R. HiChol combined with hyperglycemia further aggravated cell death, however level of oxidative stress increased only in normoxic condition. Conclusion HiChol rat cardiac myocytes showed reduction of cell viability and increased oxidative stress, which were further aggravated by SI/R and with additional hyperglycemia. This is the first demonstration that the combination of the current hypercholesterolemic medium and SI/R in cardiac myocytes mimics the cardiac pathology of the comorbid heart with I/R and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szántai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pálóczi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Bernadett Kiss
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Chen CH, Lin CL, Kao CH. The risk of coronary heart disease after diagnosis of gallbladder polyp: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:753. [PMID: 32042769 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background To assess the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after the diagnosis of gallbladder polyp (GP). Methods We identified 2,815 GP patients aged ≥20 years from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2011 and followed up the patients until the occurrence of CHD or the end of 2011, the patient would be censored in the occurrence of death, missed information, or withdrawal from the NHI. We selected 11,260 non-GP subjects by 4:1 randomly matching with the case cohort according to age, sex, and index date of GP diagnosis. Results GP cohort had greater risk of CHD than the control cohort [11.1 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y, adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.53] after adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gallstone, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arrhythmia. The risk of CHD was significantly higher in the non-cholecystectomy cohort of GP patients than that in the non-GP cohort (10.9 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.55). However, the risk of CHD contributed by GP was not significant after cholecystectomy (12.3 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.24; 95% CI, 0.83-1.85). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hypertension, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.87) or with hypertension (aHR =3.00; 95% CI, 2.30-3.92). Compared with the non-GP cohort without diabetes, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without diabetes (aHR =1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.76) or with diabetes (aHR =2.07; 95% CI, 1.35-3.18). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hyperlipidemia, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70) or with hyperlipidemia (aHR =2.63; 95% CI, 2.01-3.44). Compared with the non-GP cohort without arrhythmia, the risk of CHD for GP patients increased without (aHR =1.40; 95% CI, 1.17-1.69) or with arrhythmia (aHR =2.88; 95% CI, 1.82-4.57). Conclusions GP is associated with increased risk of developing CHD, and the risk increases with the presence of coexisting hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Chen
- Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Township, Changhua.,Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,College of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, and Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung
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14
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Chen YP, Sivalingam K, Shibu MA, Peramaiyan R, Day CH, Shen CY, Lai CH, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Chen YF, Huang CY. Protective effect of Fisetin against angiotensin II-induced apoptosis by activation of IGF-IR-PI3K-Akt signaling in H9c2 cells and spontaneous hypertension rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:1-8. [PMID: 30668312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin, a polyphenolic compound, has drawn notable attention owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. However, the cardiac effects of fisetin are not clear yet. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study is to examine the cardioprotective effect of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The in vitro protective effect of fisetin was evaluated after the cells were treated with fisetin (50 µM/ml/ 24 h) for 2 h prior or after Ang-II administration to induce apoptosis. For in vivo experiments, SHRs were orally administered with fisetin (10 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining assay and the modulation in the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell survival were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the potent cardioprotective efficacy of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in SHR models. Fisetin administration reduced the apoptotic nuclei considerably And reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins such as TNF- α, Fas L, FADD, Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved PARP and increased the cell survival and anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p-IGF1R, p-PI3K and p-AKT in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal that fisetin activates the IGF-IR-dependent p-PI3K/p-Akt survival signaling pathway and suppresses the caspase dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Peng Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rajendran Peramaiyan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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15
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Samadi S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Mohammadpour A, Farjami Z, Tabadkani M, Hosseinnia M, Miri M, Heydari-Majd M, Mehramiz M, Rezayi M, Ferns GA, Avan A. High-density lipoprotein functionality and breast cancer: A potential therapeutic target. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5756-5765. [PMID: 30362608 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, and particularly in developed countries. Breast cancer is influenced by cholesterol membrane content, by affecting the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, adherence, and migration. Furthermore, steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and these play a key role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Although most findings have reported an inverse association between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level and the risk of breast cancer, there have been some reports of the opposite, and the association therefore remains unclear. HDL is principally known for participating in reverse cholesterol transport and has an inverse relationship with the cardiovascular risk. HDL is heterogeneous, with particles varying in composition, size, and structure, which can be altered under different circumstances, such as inflammation, aging, and certain diseases. It has also been proposed that HDL functionality might have a bearing on the breast cancer. Owing to the potential role of cholesterol in cancer, its reduction using statins, and particularly as an adjuvant during chemotherapy may be useful in the anticancer treatment, and may also be related to the decline in cancer mortality. Reconstituted HDLs have the ability to release chemotherapeutic drugs inside the cell. As a consequence, this may be a novel way to improve therapeutic targeting for the breast cancer on the basis of detrimental impacts of oxidized HDL on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Tabadkani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseinnia
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehri Miri
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Motahareh Heydari-Majd
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Shaaker M, Mehdizadeh A, Ezzeddini R, Ghasemi B, Jabbari Moghaddam Y, Abdollahi Fakhim S, Saleh Moghaddam M, Darabi M. The study of serum and tissue cholesterol levels in children undergoing tonsillectomy. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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17
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Li J, Liu T, Liu S, Li J, Huang G, Yang HH. Bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for efficient cholesterol detection and elimination via host-guest chemistry in real samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 120:137-143. [PMID: 30195087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential compound for maintaining cellular homeostasis and human healthy. Sensitive detection of cholesterol and efficient elimination of excess cholesterol have become the essential manipulations in clinical diagnosis and health management. To date, it is still quite challenging that cholesterol detection and elimination tasks are carried out simultaneously. In this study, bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA-PBA-CD) are designed and fabricated to overcome this difficulty. Taking advantages of competitive host-guest interaction and magnetic separation, highly efficient, reusable and simultaneous cholesterol detection and elimination can be achieved. The limit of detection is determined to be 4.3 nM, which is comparable or even lower than existing methods. The distinguished performance may attribute to the high loading efficiency and magnetic enrichment of nanoparticles. Besides, this efficient strategy is resistant to interfering substances, thus realizing sensitive cholesterol detection in real sample. Simultaneously, the bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles also have up to 95% cholesterol elimination efficiency, which is higher than previous reported methods. Furthermore, the nanoparticles are turned out to be reusable within 5 times without noticeable loss in cholesterol elimination efficiency. Therefore, the bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles fabricated here could hold great potential for simultaneous cholesterol detection and elimination in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Shuya Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Guoming Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
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18
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Andersen CJ. Impact of Dietary Cholesterol on the Pathophysiology of Infectious and Autoimmune Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E764. [PMID: 29899295 PMCID: PMC6024721 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol metabolism, lipid raft formation, and lipoprotein interactions contribute to the regulation of immune-mediated inflammation and response to pathogens. Lipid pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial and viral infections, whereas altered lipid metabolism may contribute to immune dysfunction in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, dietary cholesterol may exert protective or detrimental effects on risk, progression, and treatment of different infectious and autoimmune diseases, although current findings suggest that these effects are variable across populations and different diseases. Research evaluating the effects of dietary cholesterol, often provided by eggs or as a component of Western-style diets, demonstrates that cholesterol-rich dietary patterns affect markers of immune inflammation and cellular cholesterol metabolism, while additionally modulating lipoprotein profiles and functional properties of HDL. Further, cholesterol-rich diets appear to differentially impact immunomodulatory lipid pathways across human populations of variable metabolic status, suggesting that these complex mechanisms may underlie the relationship between dietary cholesterol and immunity. Given the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015⁻2020 revision to no longer include limitations on dietary cholesterol, evaluation of dietary cholesterol recommendations beyond the context of cardiovascular disease risk is particularly timely. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of significant and controversial studies on the role of dietary cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of infectious disease and autoimmune disorders, highlighting the need for further investigation in this developing area of research.
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19
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Liao KF, Chuang HY, Lai SW. Metformin Use Correlates with Reduced Risk of Gallstones in Diabetic Patients: A 12-Year Follow-up Study. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:765. [PMID: 29114226 PMCID: PMC5660725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Few studies are available on the association between gallstones and metformin use. The objective of the study was to determine whether metformin use is associated with gallstones. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. Subjects of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were included from 2002 to 2013. The metformin-exposure group was defined as ≥29 cumulative defined daily dose (DDD) of metformin use. The un-exposure group was defined as <29 cumulative DDD of metformin use. The major endpoint was a new diagnosis of gallstones during the follow-up period. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of gallstones associated with metformin use. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, the adjusted HRs of gallstones were 1.11 (95%CI: 0.84–1.46) for subjects with metformin dosage of 29–180 cumulative DDD, and 0.57 (95%CI: 0.42–0.78) for subjects with metformin dosage >180 cumulative DDD, compared with the un-exposure group. Conclusion: Long-term use of metformin is associated with reduced risk of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Liao
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Yang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Lin HF, Liao KF, Chang CM, Lin CL, Lai SW. Population-based cohort study examining the association between splenectomy and empyema in adults in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015101. [PMID: 28947439 PMCID: PMC5623461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between splenectomy and empyema in Taiwan. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted using the hospitalisation dataset of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. A total of 13 193 subjects aged 20-84 years who were newly diagnosed with splenectomy from 2000 to 2010 were enrolled in the splenectomy group and 52 464 randomly selected subjects without splenectomy were enrolled in the non-splenectomy group. Both groups were matched by sex, age, comorbidities and the index year of undergoing splenectomy. The incidence of empyema at the end of 2011 was calculated. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the HR with 95% CI of empyema associated with splenectomy and other comorbidities. RESULTS The overall incidence rate of empyema was 2.56-fold higher in the splenectomy group than in the non-splenectomy group (8.85 vs 3.46 per 1000 person-years). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher cumulative incidence of empyema in the splenectomy group than in the non-splenectomy group (6.99% vs 3.37% at the end of follow-up). After adjusting for confounding variables, the adjusted HR of empyema was 2.89 for the splenectomy group compared with that for the non-splenectomy group. Further analysis revealed that HR of empyema was 4.52 for subjects with splenectomy alone. CONCLUSION The incidence rate ratio between the splenectomy and non-splenectomy groups reduced from 2.87 in the first 5 years of follow-up to 1.73 in the period following the 5 years. Future studies are required to confirm whether a longer follow-up period would further reduce this average ratio. For the splenectomy group, the overall HR of developing empyema was 2.89 after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities, which was identified from previous literature. The risk of empyema following splenectomy remains high despite the absence of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Feng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Chang
- Department of Nursing, Tungs’Taichung Metro Habor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lai
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Lin HF, Liao KF, Chang CM, Lin CL, Lin CH, Lai SW. Use of thiazolidinediones and risk of hip fracture in old people in a case-control study in Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7712. [PMID: 28885328 PMCID: PMC6392959 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little research is available on the association between use of thiazolidinediones and hip fracture in old people in Taiwan. We conducted a population-based case-control study to examine this issue.Using the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program, we identified 603 type 2 diabetic subjects 65 years or older in age with newly diagnosed hip fracture in 2000 to 2013 as cases. We randomly selected 603 type 2 diabetic subjects 65 years or older without hip fracture as the controls. Both cases and controls were matched with sex, age, comorbidities, and index year of diagnosing hip fracture. Current use of thiazolidinediones was defined as subjects whose last remaining one tablet of thiazolidinediones was noted ≤30 days before the date of diagnosing hip fracture. Never use of thiazolidinediones was defined as subjects who never had a prescription of thiazolidinediones. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hip fracture associated with thiazolidinediones use was estimated by the multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis.After adjustment for covariables, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted OR of hip fracture was 1.64 for subjects with current use of thiazolidinediones (95% CI 1.01, 2.67), when compared with subjects with never use of thiazolidinediones.Our findings suggest that current use of thiazolidinediones is associated with a 64% higher risk of hip fracture in type 2 diabetic old people in Taiwan. Clinicians should consider the possibility of thiazolidinediones-associated hip fracture among type 2 diabetic old people currently using thiazolidinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Feng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Kuan-Fu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Ching-Mei Chang
- Department of Nursing, Tungs Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Shih-Wei Lai
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
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22
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Wen SY, Tamilselvi S, Shen CY, Day CH, Chun LC, Cheng LY, Ou HC, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Protective effect of HDL on NADPH oxidase-derived super oxide anion mediates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179492. [PMID: 28617849 PMCID: PMC5472312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death of death in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death. Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries to cause the ischemic heart disease which will enhance myocardial remodeling and also induce myocardial hypoxia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) has been proposed to have cardio-protective effects. Under hypoxic conditions (1%O2 for 24hr), in H9c2 cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is induced which leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, the present study described the protective effect of HDL on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage. We investigated the NADPH oxidase-produced ROS-related signaling pathways and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions. Results showed that the ROS mediated cardiac damage might occur via AT1 and PKC activation. Furthermore, hypoxia downregulated the survival protein (p-AKTser473) and anti-apoptotic protein (BCL2), whereas pro-apoptotic protein, Bax and caspase 3 were upregulated. These detrimental effects by ROS and apoptosis were prevented by HDL pretreatment. Our findings revealed the underlying molecular mechanism by which HDL suppresses the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Further, we elucidated the role of HDL on preventing hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is mediated through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ying Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shanmugam Tamilselvi
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Chin Chun
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Liao WC, Huang MZ, Wang ML, Lin CJ, Lu TL, Lo HR, Pan YJ, Sun YC, Kao MC, Lim HJ, Lai CH. Statin Decreases Helicobacter pylori Burden in Macrophages by Promoting Autophagy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:203. [PMID: 28144585 PMCID: PMC5239775 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, have been found to provide protective effects against several bacterial infectious diseases. Although the use of statins has been shown to enhance antimicrobial treated Helicobacter pylori eradication and reduce H. pylori-mediated inflammation, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In this study, in vitro and ex vivo macrophage models were established to investigate the molecular pathways involved in statin-mediated inhibition of H. pylori-induced inflammation. Our study showed that statin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular H. pylori burden in both RAW264.7 macrophage cells and murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). Furthermore, statin yielded enhanced early endosome maturation and subsequent activation of the autophagy pathway, which promotes lysosomal fusion resulting in degradation of sequestered bacteria, and in turn attenuates interleukin (IL)-1β production. These results indicate that statin not only reduces cellular cholesterol but also decreases the H. pylori burden in macrophages by promoting autophagy, consequently alleviating H. pylori-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Lily Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Tzu-Li Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Ren Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jing Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
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24
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Wu SY, Chen HY, Tsai KS, Chiang JH, Muo CH, Sung FC, Chen YH, Chen WC. Long-Term Therapy With Wu-Ling-San, a Popular Antilithic Chinese Herbal Formula, Did Not Prevent Subsequent Stone Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2016; 53:53/0/0046958016681148. [PMID: 27932514 PMCID: PMC5798738 DOI: 10.1177/0046958016681148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), which is widely used to treat pain and urolithiasis, is a promising therapy for urinary stone prevention. This study investigated the clinical efficacy of a popular CHM, Wu-Ling-San (WLS), in Taiwan for the prophylaxis of recurrent nephrolithiasis as assessed by surgical stone treatment via a nationwide population-based cohort study. The National Health Insurance Research Database, 2000–2010, which included one million patient records. All patients diagnosed with stone disease at the beginning of the study. The matched controls (4-fold the number of WLS patients) were stone patients who did not take WLS. Data analysis included the stone surgeries following the first treatment. We enrolled 11 900 patients with stone disease, and the incidence of stone patients in this database was 1.19%. The prevalence of comorbidities such as benign prostate hyperplasia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection, but not hypertension, was significantly higher in WLS users. Several patients in both groups were prescribed potassium citrate. The stone treatment rate was significantly higher in WLS users (17.85%) than in the non-WLS users (14.47%). WLS users with an associated comorbidity had a higher treatment rate than the non-WLS users: 21.05% versus 16.70%, respectively. The surgery rate for upper urinary tract stones was higher in WLS users than in the non-WLS users (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.52; P < .05). The stone treatment rate (52.79%) was significantly higher in patients who used a very high amount of WLS (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-3.98). Stone patients using a high amount of WLS use had a high stone surgical rate. Long-term therapy with WLS did not have a preventive effect on stone surgical treatment. Long-term potassium citrate therapy as a preventive measure appeared to be underutilized in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kao-Sung Tsai
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Liver Cholesterol Overload Aggravates Obstructive Cholestasis by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Premature Death in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9895176. [PMID: 27635189 PMCID: PMC5011220 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9895176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is one of the leading causes of liver disease. Dietary factors determine the clinical presentation of steatohepatitis and can influence the progression of related diseases. Cholesterol has emerged as a critical player in the disease and hence consumption of cholesterol-enriched diets can lead to a progressive form of the disease. The aim was to investigate the impact of liver cholesterol overload on the progression of the obstructive cholestasis in mice subjected to bile duct ligation surgery. Mice were fed with a high cholesterol diet for two days and then were subjected to surgery procedure; histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were conducted to address the effect of cholesterol in liver damage. Mice under the diet were more susceptible to damage. Results show that cholesterol fed mice exhibited increased apoptosis and oxidative stress as well as reduction in cell proliferation. Mortality following surgery was higher in HC fed mice. Liver cholesterol impairs the repair of liver during obstructive cholestasis and aggravates the disease with early fatal consequences; these effects were strongly associated with oxidative stress.
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26
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Bowden JA, Somerville SE, Cantu TM, Guillette MP, Botha H, Boggs ASP, Luus-Powell W, Guillette LJ. On-Site Classification of Pansteatitis in Mozambique Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) using a Portable Lipid-Based Analyzer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:6631-6635. [PMID: 28729886 PMCID: PMC5514565 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay00446f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While no pansteatitis-related large-scale mortality events have occurred since 2008, the current status of pansteatitis (presence and pervasiveness) in the Olifants River system and other regions of South Africa remain largely unknown. In part, this is due to both a lack of known biological markers of pansteatitis and a lack of suitable non-invasive assays capable of rapidly classifying the disease. Here, we propose the application of a point-of-care (POC) device using lipid-based test strips (total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG)), for classifying pansteatitis status in the whole blood of pre-spawning Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Using the TC strips, the POC device was able to non-lethally classify the tilapia as either healthy or pansteatitis-affected; the sexes were examined independently because sexual dimorphism was observed for TC (males p = 0.0364, females χ2 = 0.0007). No significant difference between diseased and pansteatitis-affected tilapia was observed using the TG strips. This is one of the first described applications of using POC devices for on-site environmental disease state testing. A discussion on the merits of using portable lipid-based analyzers as an in-field disease-state diagnostic tool is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bowden
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Environmental Chemical Sciences Group, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412 USA
| | - Stephen E Somerville
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences and the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML), Charleston, SC 29425-6190 USA
| | - Theresa M Cantu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences and the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML), Charleston, SC 29425-6190 USA
| | - Matthew P Guillette
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences and the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML), Charleston, SC 29425-6190 USA
| | - Hannes Botha
- Scientific Services, Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency, Nelspruit, 1200 South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Ashley S P Boggs
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Environmental Chemical Sciences Group, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412 USA
| | - Wilmien Luus-Powell
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences and the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML), Charleston, SC 29425-6190 USA
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27
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Codini M, Cataldi S, Lazzarini A, Tasegian A, Ceccarini MR, Floridi A, Lazzarini R, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F, Beccari T, Albi E. Why high cholesterol levels help hematological malignancies: role of nuclear lipid microdomains. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:4. [PMID: 26754536 PMCID: PMC4709975 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and obesity are recognized in the scientific literature as important risk factors for cancer development and progression. Hypercholesterolemia facilitates lymphoma lymphoblastic cell growth and in time turns in hypocholesterolemia that is a sign of tumour progression. The present study examined how and where the cholesterol acts in cancer cells when you reproduce in vitro an in vivo hypercholesterolemia condition. Methods We used non-Hodgkin’s T cell human lymphoblastic lymphoma (SUP-T1 cell line) and we studied cell morphology, aggressiveness, gene expression for antioxidant proteins, polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase and actin, cholesterol and sphingomyelin content and finally sphingomyelinase activity in whole cells, nuclei and nuclear lipid microdomains. Results We found that cholesterol changes cancer cell morphology with the appearance of protrusions together to the down expression of β-actin gene and reduction of β-actin protein. The lipid influences SUP-T1 cell aggressiveness since stimulates DNA and RNA synthesis for cell proliferation and increases raf1 and E-cadherin, molecules involved in invasion and migration of cancer cells. Cholesterol does not change GRX2 expression but it overexpresses SOD1, SOD2, CCS, PRDX1, GSR, GSS, CAT and PNKP. We suggest that cholesterol reaches the nucleus and increases the nuclear lipid microdomains known to act as platform for chromatin anchoring and gene expression. Conclusion The results imply that, in hypercholesterolemia conditions, cholesterol reaches the nuclear lipid microdomains where activates gene expression coding for antioxidant proteins. We propose the cholesterolemia as useful parameter to monitor in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Tasegian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Remo Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Yu TM, Chuang YW, Yu MC, Huang ST, Chou CY, Lin CL, Chiu CC, Kao CH. New-onset Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2623. [PMID: 26825919 PMCID: PMC5291589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications remain the major problems contributing to morbidity and mortality in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Therefore, the authors hypothesized that atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely associated with PKD. The authors conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the risk of AF in patients with PKD. Using data from inpatient claims, the authors enrolled 7203 patients aged over 20 years who were diagnosed with PKD from 1998 to 2010 with no history of AF as the PKD cohort. They randomly selected 28,739 people without PKD as controls and frequency matched them with patients with PKD according to their age, sex, and baseline comorbidity. In total, 247 PKD patients were diagnosed with AF, representing an incidence of 7.08 per 1000 person-years, whereas 807 cases of AF occurred in the comparison cohort, yielding an incidence of 4.98 per 1000 person-y, with an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.31 (95% CI = 1.14-1.51). The risk of AF increased from an aHR of 1.59 (95% CI = 1.15-2.21) to 3.64 (95% CI = 1.93-6.85) when the number of risk factors increased from 1 to more than 5 in comparison with patients without risk factors. A remarkably high incidence rate and risk was observed in patients with PKD when multiple risk factors were combined. A high index of suspicion should be maintained when examining PKD patients with irregular betas. Early prophylactic therapy is warranted in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Min Yu
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University (T-MY, C-HK); Division of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung (T-MY, Y-WC); Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan (M-CY); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung (C-LL); Neurology and Medical Intensive Care Unit, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua (C-CC); College of Medicine, China Medical University (C-LL); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
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