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Chen Y, Liang C, Li J, Ma L, Wang B, Yuan Z, Yang S, Nong X. Effect of artesunate on cardiovascular complications in periodontitis in a type I diabetes rat model and related mechanisms. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2031-2053. [PMID: 36892740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both cardiovascular disease and periodontitis are complications of diabetes that have a great impact on human life and health. Our previous research found that artesunate can effectively improve cardiovascular disease in diabetes and has an inhibitory effect on periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic possibility of artesunate in the protection against cardiovascular complications in periodontitis with type I diabetes rats and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into the healthy, diabetic, periodontitis, diabetic with periodontitis, and artesunate treatment groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg, i.g.). After artesunate treatment, oral swabs were collected and used to determine changes in the oral flora. Micro-CT was performed to observe changes in alveolar bone. Blood samples were processed to measure various parameters, while cardiovascular tissues were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Sirius red, and TUNEL staining to observe fibrosis and apoptosis. The protein and mRNA expression levels in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and RT‒PCR. RESULTS Diabetic rats with periodontitis and cardiovascular complications maintained heart and body weight but exhibited reduced blood glucose levels, and they were able to regulate blood lipid indicators at normal levels after artesunate treatment. The staining assays suggested that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate has a significant therapeutic effect on myocardial apoptotic fibrosis. The high expression of NF-κB, TLR4, VEGF, ICAM-1, p38 MAPK, TGF-β, Smad2, and MMP9 in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissue in the type I diabetes and type I diabetes with periodontitis rat models was reduced after treatment with artesunate in a concentration-dependent manner. Micro-CT showed that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate effectively alleviated alveolar bone resorption and density reduction. The sequencing results suggested that each model group of rats had vascular and oral flora dysbiosis, but artesunate treatment could correct the dysbacteriosis. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis-related pathogenic bacteria cause dysbiosis of the oral and intravascular flora in type I diabetes and aggravate cardiovascular complications. The mechanism by which periodontitis aggravates cardiovascular complications involves the NF-κB pathway, which induces myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis, and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - C Liang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - L Ma
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - B Wang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - S Yang
- School of Information and Management, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - X Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Neculae E, Gosav EM, Valasciuc E, Dima N, Floria M, Tanase DM. The Oral Microbiota in Valvular Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010182. [PMID: 36676130 PMCID: PMC9862471 DOI: 10.3390/life13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbiota formation begins from birth, and everything from genetic components to the environment, alongside the host's behavior (such as diet, smoking, oral hygiene, and even physical activity), contributes to oral microbiota structure. Even though recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota's role in systemic diseases, the oral microbiome represents the second largest community of microorganisms, making it a new promising therapeutic target. Periodontitis and dental caries are considered the two main consequences of oral bacterial imbalance. Studies have shown that oral dysbiosis effects are not limited locally. Due to technological advancement, research identified oral bacterial species in heart valves. This evidence links oral dysbiosis with the development of valvular heart disease (VHD). This review focuses on describing the mechanism behind prolonged local inflammation and dysbiosis, that can induce bacteriemia by direct or immune-mediated mechanisms and finally VHD. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapies based on controlling oral dysbiosis, periodontal disease, and inflammation with immunological and systemic effects, that exert beneficial effects in VHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Neculae
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Mahendra J, Rao AN, Mahendra L, Sayed ME, Mugri MH, Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Srinivasan S, Baeshen HA, Mathew R, Patil S. The Expression of Allele Changes in NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) Gene Polymorphisms in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175103. [PMID: 34501201 PMCID: PMC8433916 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes have been shown to play a pivotal role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study aimed to obtain the expression of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms in the subgingival plaque and blood samples of generalized periodontitis (GP) subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 70 subjects were grouped into two; GP and GP with CHD. Demographic variables and periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded from both the groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both the groups and were further subjected to the identification of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) expression and allele change using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger's method). RESULTS Amongst the demographic variables, age and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. The NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) genes showed a statistically significant association with allele change (frequency) among the groups. The general comparison of all the parameters with the allele change of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) in the subgingival plaque and blood samples showed statistically significant associations among the two groups. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted an allele change in IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Abirami Nayaki Rao
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | | | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; (A.N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reji Mathew
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.P.)
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Pardo A, Signoriello A, Signoretto C, Messina E, Carelli M, Tessari M, De Manna ND, Rossetti C, Albanese M, Lombardo G, Luciani GB. Detection of Periodontal Pathogens in Oral Samples and Cardiac Specimens in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173874. [PMID: 34501320 PMCID: PMC8432007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This observational study aimed to: (i) assess the presence of periodontal disease among patients requiring aortic valve replacement; (ii) investigate the presence of oral pathogens in aortic valve specimens and compare them with the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity. Twenty-six patients (15 men and 11 women) were scheduled to be visited the day before the cardiac surgery: periodontal conditions were accurately registered through clinical and radiographic examinations; dental plaque or salivary samples were collected. Valve specimens were collected during surgical aortic valve replacement and analyzed for pathogens detection through microbiological 16SrRna gene sequencing. Bacteria found in plaque samples and valve specimens were assessed according to oral and periodontal conditions. A qualitative comparison between oral and cardiac profiles of the microorganisms detected was performed. The overall number of patients examined for soft tissues conditions was 19, as 7 patients were edentulous. Twelve and three individuals, respectively, presented moderate and severe periodontitis. Nine valves were found to be positive for the presence of oral and periodontopathic bacterial DNA. The microbial species found in valve samples of patients with periodontitis suggest that the presence of these microorganisms in valvular tissue seems to be not coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Annarita Signoriello
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Messina
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Carelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maddalena Tessari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Nunzio Davide De Manna
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Cecilia Rossetti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
| | - Massimo Albanese
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (A.S.); (E.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0458124867
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.T.); (N.D.D.M.); (C.R.); (G.B.L.)
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Genetic Polymorphisms of NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) in Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070592. [PMID: 34199122 PMCID: PMC8301148 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing data show that inflammasomes play a role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study had the objective of assessing NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) gene polymorphisms in dental plaque and blood of generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in the presence and absence of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 70 subjects were divided into two groups, including CP and CP + CHD subjects. Demographic variables, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded from both groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both groups and were subjected to further molecular analysis for NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) expression and allele change using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger's method). RESULTS Amongst the demographic variables, age, and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) genes showed a statistically significant association of allele change (frequency) among the groups. In general, when all of the parameters were compared to the allele change of the genes, statistically significant relationships were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study expressed an allele change of the investigated genes which could profoundly affect the pathobiology of the two diseases under investigation.
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Paul O, Arora P, Mayer M, Chatterjee S. Inflammation in Periodontal Disease: Possible Link to Vascular Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609614. [PMID: 33519515 PMCID: PMC7841426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-organized protective response to pathogens and consists of immune cell recruitment into areas of infection. Inflammation either clears pathogens and gets resolved leading to tissue healing or remains predominantly unresolved triggering pathological processes in organs. Periodontal disease (PD) that is initiated by specific bacteria also triggers production of inflammatory mediators. These processes lead to loss of tissue structure and function. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress play a role in susceptibility to periodontal pathogenic bacterial infections. Periodontal inflammation is a risk factor for systemic inflammation and eventually cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review discusses the role of inflammation in PD and its two way association with other health conditions such as diabetes and CVD. Some of the mechanisms underpinning the links between inflammation, diabetes, CVD and PD are also discussed. Finally, we review available epidemiological data and other reports to assess possible links between oral health and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Paul
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Payal Arora
- Early-Research Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Mayer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Zhang J, Zhou Q, Nelson G. Effect of Continuous Nursing Intervention of Artificial Intelligence on Discharged Patients after Heart Valve Replacement and Application of Omaha System (Preprint). JMIR Med Inform 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/18962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schulz S, Schlitt A, Hofmann B, Schaller H, Reichert S. Periodontal pathogens and their role in cardiovascular outcome. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:173-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Martin Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Department of Internal Medicine III Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale) Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Cardiology Paracelsus Harz‐Clinic Bad Suderode Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Heart Centre of the University Clinics Halle (Saale) Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Hans‐Günter Schaller
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Martin Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Stefan Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology Martin Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
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Liccardo D, Cannavo A, Spagnuolo G, Ferrara N, Cittadini A, Rengo C, Rengo G. Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061414. [PMID: 30897827 PMCID: PMC6470716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, initiated by the presence of a bacterial biofilm, called dental plaque, which affects both the periodontal ligaments and bone surrounding teeth. In the last decades, several lines of evidence have supported the existence of a relationship between periodontitis and systemic health. For instance, as periodontitis acts within the same chronic inflammatory model seen in cardiovascular disease (CVD), or other disorders, such as diabetes, several studies have suggested the existence of a bi-directional link between periodontal health and these pathologies. For instance, people with diabetes are more susceptible to infections and are more likely to suffer from periodontitis than people without this syndrome. Analogously, it is now evident that cardiac disorders are worsened by periodontitis, both experimentally and in humans. For all these reasons, it is very plausible that preventing periodontitis has an impact on the onset or progression of CVD and diabetes. On these grounds, in this review, we have provided an updated account on the current knowledge concerning periodontal disease and the adverse effects exerted on the cardiovascular system health and diabetes, informing readers on the most recent preclinical studies and epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici- ICS Maugeri S.p.A. Telese Terme (BN), 82037 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici- ICS Maugeri S.p.A. Telese Terme (BN), 82037 Pavia, Italy.
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Shahi S, Zununi Vahed S, Fathi N, Sharifi S. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: Promising molecular tools in dentistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:983-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bacterial DNA detected on pathologically changed heart valves using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:707-711. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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