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Wikström J, Pal D, Prabhakar R, Forsberg SC, Renman A, Ai J, Renman G, Gunnarsson JS. Assessment of the calcium-silicate Polonite as a sorbent for thin-layer capping of metal contaminated sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143398. [PMID: 39321884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Sediments contaminated with hazardous metals pose risks to humans and wildlife, yet viable management options are scarce. In a series of laboratory experiments, we characterized Polonite® - an activated calcium-silicate - as a novel sorbent for thin-layer capping of metal-contaminated sediments. We tested a fine-grained by-product from the Polonite production as a cheap and sustainable sorbent. First, Polonite was reacted with solutions of Cu, Pb, and Zn, and the surface chemistry of the Polonite was examined using, e.g., scanning electron microscopy to investigate metal sorption mechanisms. Batch experiments were conducted by adding Polonite to industrially contaminated harbor sediment to determine sorption kinetics and isotherms. Importantly, we measured if the Polonite could reduce metal bioavailability to sediment fauna by performing digestive fluid extraction (DFE). Finally, a cap placement technique was studied by applying a Polonite slurry in sedimentation columns. The results showed rapid metal sorption to Polonite via several mechanisms, including hydroxide and carbonate precipitation, and complexation with metal oxides on the Polonite surface. Isotherm data revealed that the sediment uptake capacity (Kf) for Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by a factor of 25, 21, and 14, respectively, after addition of 5% Polonite. The bioavailability of Cu, Pb, and Zn was reduced by 70%, 65%, and 54%, respectively, after a 25% Polonite addition. In conclusion, we propose that sediment treatment with low doses of the Polonite by-product can be a cheap, sustainable, and effective remediation method compared to other more intrusive methods such as dredging or conventional isolation capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Wikström
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Divya Pal
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Roshan Prabhakar
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara C Forsberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, 14189, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Agnieszka Renman
- Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gunno Renman
- Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas S Gunnarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Łukowiak M, Meiro G, Peña B, Villanueva Guimerans P, Corbí H. Miocene sponge assemblages in the face of the Messinian Salinity Crisis-new data from the Atlanto-Mediterranean seaway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16277. [PMID: 38025719 PMCID: PMC10657567 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Messinian Salinity Crisis is considered as one of the most influential Cenozoic events that impacted negatively on the benthic fauna of the Mediterranean area. Changing environmental conditions, including a sharp reduction of water exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, altered the geographical ranges of many organisms, including sponges (Porifera). Here, we report a unique assemblage of isolated sponge spicules from the upper Miocene of southwestern Spain. The newly recognized sponge fauna was inhabiting the Guadalquivir Basin-the corridor between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean at that time. It represents a taxonomically rich sponge community that consisted of members of "soft" and "lithistid" demosponges and hexactinellids. Demosponges are represented by at least thirty-four taxa, while hexactinellids are significantly rarer; only six taxa have been identified. From among eighteen taxa recognized to the species level, at least eight seem to be inhabiting this area to these days; six are recorded from adjacent areas, such as the Western Mediterranean, South European Atlantic Shelf, and the Azores, and three are present in the Red Sea and/or the Northern Atlantic. Intriguingly, some taxa seem to have their closest relatives in distant areas, such as the Indo-Pacific and Japanese waters which suggests that the range of some once widely-distributed populations shrunk after the isolation of the Mediterranean and the Messinian Salinity Crisis, surviving to the present day only in refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łukowiak
- Department of Environmental Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Corbí
- Department of Earth Sciences and the Environment, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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d'Errico F, David S, Coqueugniot H, Meister C, Dutkiewicz E, Pigeaud R, Sitzia L, Cailhol D, Bosq M, Griggo C, Affolter J, Queffelec A, Doyon L. A 36,200-year-old carving from Grotte des Gorges, Amange, Jura, France. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12895. [PMID: 37558802 PMCID: PMC10412625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest European carvings, made of mammoth ivory, depict animals, humans, and anthropomorphs. They are found at Early Aurignacian sites of the Swabian Jura in Germany. Despite the wide geographical spread of the Aurignacian across Europe, these carvings have no contemporaneous counterparts. Here, we document a small, intriguing object, that sheds light on this uniqueness. Found at the Grotte des Gorges (Jura, France), in a layer sandwiched between Aurignacian contexts and dated to c. 36.2 ka, the object bears traces of anthropogenic modifications indicating intentional carving. Microtomographic, microscopic, three-dimensional roughness and residues analyses reveal the carving is a fragment of a large ammonite, which was modified to represent a caniformia head decorated with notches and probably transported for long time in a container stained with ochre. While achieving Swabian Jura-like miniaturization, the Grotte des Gorges specimen displays original features, indicating the craftsman emulated ivory carvings while introducing significant technical, thematic, and stylistic innovations. This finding suggests a low degree of cultural connectivity between Early Aurignacian hunter-gatherer groups in the production of their symbolic material culture. The pattern conforms to the existence of cultural boundaries limiting the transmission of symbolic practices while leaving space for the emergence of original regional expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco d'Errico
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France.
- Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Serge David
- Centre Jurassien du Patrimoine, 39000, Lons-Le-Saunier, France
| | - Hélène Coqueugniot
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France
- École Pratique des Hautes Études-Paris Sciences and Lettres University, Chaire d'Anthropologie Biologique, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Christian Meister
- Geology and Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Dutkiewicz
- Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Romain Pigeaud
- CReAAH, UMR6566, CNRS, Université de Rennes-1, 35042, Rennes CEDEX, France
- CRAL, UMR8566, CNRS, École de Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sitzia
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1010069, Arica, Chile
- Laboratorio de Análisis e Investigaciones Arqueométricas, Museo Arqueológico San Miguel de Azapa, 1010069, Arica, Chile
| | - Didier Cailhol
- CNRS, TRACES, UMR5608, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, 31058, Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Mathieu Bosq
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Griggo
- CNRS, EDYTEM, UMR5204, Université Grenoble Alpes, 73376, Le Bourget-du-Lac CEDEX, France
| | - Jehanne Affolter
- Ar-Geo-Lab, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Artehis, UMR6998, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Queffelec
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Luc Doyon
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR5199, Université de Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France.
- Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Rasbold GG, Calheira L, Domingos-Luz L, Pessenda LCR, Pinheiro U, McGlue MM. A morphological guide of neotropical freshwater sponge spicules for paleolimnological studies. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1067432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) are sessile invertebrates with skeletons composed of siliceous elements termed spicules. Sponge spicules (megascleres, microscleres, and gemmuloscleres) are characterized by widely varying sizes and shapes. These spicules are well-preserved in lacustrine, wetland, and riverine sediments and hold significant ecological and limnological information that can be applied as diagnostic tools in reconstructions of Quaternary environments. However, problems with taxonomy and the absence of systematic guidelines and standards of identification represent major challenges to utilizing freshwater sponges as a paleo-proxy. Here, we present a well-illustrated extraction protocol and morphological guide to the Neotropical freshwater sponge fauna. This guide is intended to introduce researchers and students to the study of freshwater sponges and their use as a diagnostic tool in paleoecology and paleolimnology.
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Remote and precise control over morphology and motion of organic crystals by using magnetic field. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2322. [PMID: 35484161 PMCID: PMC9050695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic organic crystals are the materials foundation of future lightweight flexible electronic, optical and sensing devices, yet precise control over their deformation has not been accomplished. Here, we report a general non-destructive approach to remote bending of organic crystals. Flexible organic crystals are coupled to magnetic nanoparticles to prepare hybrid actuating elements whose shape can be arbitrarily and precisely controlled simply by using magnetic field. The crystals are mechanically and chemically robust, and can be flexed precisely to a predetermined curvature with complete retention of their macroscopic integrity at least several thousand times in contactless mode, in air or in a liquid medium. These crystals are used as optical waveguides whose light output can be precisely and remotely controlled by using a permanent magnet. This approach expands the range of applications of flexible organic crystals beyond the known limitations with other methods for control of their shape, and opens prospects for their direct implementation in flexible devices such as sensors, emitters, and other (opto)electronics. Elastic organic crystals are the materials foundation of future lightweight flexible electronic, optical and sensing devices, yet precise control over their deformation has not been accomplished. Here, the authors demonstrate rapid remote bending of organic crystals which are coupled to magnetic nanoparticles using magnetic field.
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Pisera A, Łukowiak M, Masse S, Tabachnick K, Fromont J, Ehrlich H, Bertolino M. Insights into the structure and morphogenesis of the giant basal spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni. Front Zool 2021; 18:58. [PMID: 34749755 PMCID: PMC8576975 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basal spicule of the hexactinellid sponge Monorhaphis chuni may reach up to 3 m in length and 10 mm in diameter, an extreme case of large spicule size. Generally, sponge spicules are of scales from micrometers to centimeters. Due to its large size many researchers have described its structure and properties and have proposed it as a model of hexactinellid spicule development. Thorough examination of new material of this basal spicule has revealed numerous inconsistencies between our observations and earlier descriptions. In this work, we present the results of detailed examinations with transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy, SEM, solid state NMR analysis, FTIR and X-ray analysis and staining of Monorhaphis chuni basal spicules of different sizes, collected from a number of deep sea locations, to better understand its structure and function. RESULTS Three morphologically/structurally different silica layers i.e. plain glassy layer (PG), tuberculate layer (TL) and annular layer (AL), and an axial cylinder (AC) characterize adult spicules. Young, immature spicules display only plain glassy silica layers which dominate the spicule volume. All three layers i.e. PG, TL and AL can substitute for each other along the surface of the spicule, but equally they are superimposed in older parts of the spicules, with AL being the most external and occurring only in the lower part of the spicules and TL being intermediate between AL and PG. The TL, which is composed of several thinner layers, is formed by a progressive folding of its surface but its microstructure is the same as in the PG layer (glassy silica). The AL differs significantly from the PG and TL in being granular and porous in structure. The TL was found to display positive structures (tubercles), not depressions, as earlier suggested. The apparent perforated and non-perforated bands of the AL are an optical artefact. The new layer type that we called the Ripple Mark Layer (RML) was noted, as well as narrow spikes on the AL ridges, both structures not reported earlier. The interface of the TL and AL, where tubercles fit into depressions of the lower surface of the AL, represent tenon and mortise or dovetail joints, making the spicules more stiff/strong and thus less prone to breaking in the lower part. Early stages of the spicule growth are bidirectional, later growth is unidirectional toward the spicule apex. Growth in thickness proceeds by adding new layers. The spicules are composed of well condensed silica, but the outermost AL is characterized by slightly more condensed silica with less water than the rest. Organics permeating the silica are homogeneous and proteinaceous. The external organic net (most probably collagen) enveloping the basal spicule is a structural element that bounds the sponge body together with the spicule, rather than controlling tubercle formation. Growth of various layers may proceed simultaneously in different locations along the spicule and it is sclerosyncytium that controls formation of silica layers. The growth in spicule length is controlled by extension of the top of the axial filament that is not enclosed by silica and is not involved in further silica deposition. No structures that can be related to sclerocytes (as known in Demospongiae) in Monorhaphis were discovered during this study. CONCLUSIONS Our studies resulted in a new insight into the structure and growth of the basal Monorhaphis spicules that contradicts earlier results, and permitted us to propose a new model of this spicule's formation. Due to its unique structure, associated with its function, the basal spicule of Monorhaphis chuni cannot serve as a general model of growth for all hexactinellid spicules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Łukowiak
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Masse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Tabachnick
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Fromont
- Western Australian Museum, Locked bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA, 6986, Australia
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 309599, Freiberg, Germany.,Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614, Poznan, Poland.,A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra Dell'Ambiente E Della Vita (DISTAV), Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Solid State Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste Using Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans 18A13O1 to Produce Bioactive Metabolites. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine actinomycetes are prolific microorganisms; however, knowledge of their diversity, distribution, and secondary metabolites is limited. Marine actinomycetes represent an untapped source of novel bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated shrimp shell as substrates for model production bioactive metabolites from actinomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions. A total of fifteen actinomycetes were isolated from six sponges and one tunicate. The isolated actinomycetes were grown on solid shrimp shells. Cultures of actinomycetes were extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and extracts were bioassayed for activity against Staphylococcus aureus. One isolate 18A13O1 from the sponge, Rhabdastrella globostellata, exhibited antibacterial activity on primary screening compared to the other samples and was chosen for further study. Visualization using SEM showed aerial and substrate mycelia. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was confirmed that isolate 18A13O1 is a Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans. Purification of an EtOAc extract yielded A13B2, which showed a minimum inhibition concentration against S. aureus at 15.6 μg/mL. It can be concluded that this basic information is very important for further studies related to the development of the production of bioactive secondary metabolites through the solid state fermentation process.
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