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Lu X, Li Y, Akhtar M, Liu C, Ma T, Min W, Bai X, She Y, Chen L, Tian L, Li P, Luo C. A DUF966 gene family member OsDSR3 positively regulates alkali stress tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112072. [PMID: 38513731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Rice growth and production are severely constrained by alkali stress. However, the mechanism underlying the rice tolerance to alkali stress is unclear. OsDSR3, a novel gene from the domains of unknown function 966 (DUF966) family, was identified and characterized for its function in the response of rice to alkali stress. The result of this study clearly showed that alkali stress significantly induced OsDSR3 expression level. Moreover, the expression of OsDSR3 was up-regulated by drought, salt, cold, H2O2 and abscisic acid (ABA), and down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA3), and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatments. Subcellular localization exhibited that OsDSR3 was detected in the nucleus and membrane. OsDSR3-overexpressing (OsDSR3-OE) plants showed higher tolerance to alkali stress than the wild-type (WT). In contrast, OsDSR3 knockout (OsDSR3-KO) mutants were more vulnerable to alkali stress. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among OsDSR3-OE and WT seedlings were mainly enriched in porphyrin and chlorophyll, starch and sucrose, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, 26 were identified as potential alkali stress-responsive genes, including several up-regulated genes like OsHAK5, OsGRX23 and OsNIR2. Consistent with the expression profiles of metabolic pathways-related genes, most of the metabolite contents and metabolite synthases activities were improved in OsDSR3-OE lines and decreased in OsDSR3-KO lines compared to WT. This may explain the higher tolerance of OE lines and lower tolerance of KO lines to alkali stress. These findings suggested that OsDSR3 positively regulates rice tolerance to alkali stress, which will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying rice alkali tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Lu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Maryam Akhtar
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Tianli Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Weifang Min
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yangmengfei She
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Peifu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Li B, Zhang J, Tian P, Gao X, Song X, Pan X, Wu Y. Cytological, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Leaf Color Mutant Yellow Leaf 20 ( yl20) in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38592960 PMCID: PMC10974653 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in plants. We discovered a novel eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) mutant yl20 (yellow leaf 20) that exhibits yellow leaves. In this study, we compared the leaves of the mutant yl20 and wild type (WT) plants for cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that the mutant yl20 exhibits abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and lower photosynthetic efficiency compared to the WT. Transcriptome data indicated 3267 and 478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and yl20 lines in the cotyledon and euphylla stages, respectively, where most DEGs were downregulated in the yl20. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed the "plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex" and the "chloroplast-related" terms were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the significantly enriched DEGs were involved in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. We speculated that these DEGs involved in significant terms were closely related to the leaf color development of the mutant yl20. Our results provide a possible explanation for the altered phenotype of leaf color mutants in eggplant and lay a theoretical foundation for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Peng Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiurui Gao
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xue Song
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiuqing Pan
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanrong Wu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (B.L.); (P.T.); (X.S.); (X.P.)
- Hebei Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Feng G, Xu X, Liu W, Hao F, Yang Z, Nie G, Huang L, Peng Y, Bushman S, He W, Zhang X. Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into the Early Development of Tiller Buds in High- and Low-Tillering Orchardgrass Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16370. [PMID: 38003564 PMCID: PMC10671593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is among the most economically important perennial cool-season grasses, and is considered an excellent hay, pasture, and silage crop in temperate regions worldwide. Tillering is a vital feature that dominates orchardgrass regeneration and biomass yield. However, transcriptional dynamics underlying early-stage bud development in high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes are unclear. Thus, this study assessed the photosynthetic parameters, the partially essential intermediate biomolecular substances, and the transcriptome to elaborate the early-stage profiles of tiller development. Photosynthetic efficiency and morphological development significantly differed between high- (AKZ-NRGR667) and low-tillering genotypes (D20170203) at the early stage after tiller formation. The 206.41 Gb of high-quality reads revealed stage-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs), demonstrating that signal transduction and energy-related metabolism pathways, especially photosynthetic-related processes, influence tiller induction and development. Moreover, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment identified distinctively co-expressed gene clusters and four main regulatory pathways, including chlorophyll, lutein, nitrogen, and gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism pathways. Therefore, photosynthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, nitrogen efficient utilization, and phytohormone signaling pathways are closely and intrinsically linked at the transcriptional level. These findings enhance our understanding of tillering in orchardgrass and perennial grasses, providing a new breeding strategy for improving forage biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feigxiang Hao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaun Bushman
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, 695 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA
| | - Wei He
- Grassland Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Pan H. FsHemF is involved in the formation of yellow Forsythia leaves by regulating chlorophyll synthesis in response to light intensity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107746. [PMID: 37210861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Forsythia koreana 'Suwon Gold' are yellow under natural light condition and can revert to green when the light intensity is reduced. To understand the molecular mechanism of leaf color changes in response to light intensity, we compared the chlorophyll content and precursor content between yellow- and green-leaf Forsythia under shade and light-recovery conditions. We identified the conversion of coproporphyrin III (Coprogen III) to protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) as the primary rate-limiting step of chlorophyll biosynthesis in yellow-leaf Forsythia. Further analysis of the activity of the enzymes that catalyze this step and the expression pattern of the chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes under different light intensities revealed that the negatively regulated expression of FsHemF by light intensity was the major cause affecting the leaf color change in response to light intensity in yellow-leaf Forsythia. To further understand the cause of differential expression pattern of FsHemF in yellow- and green-leaf lines, we compared the coding sequence and promoter sequence of FsHemF between yellow- and green-leaf Forsythia. We found that one G-box light-responsive cis-element was absent in the promoter region of green-leaf lines. To investigate the functional role of FsHemF, we performed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of FsHemF in green-leaf Forsythia, which leads to yellowing leaf veins, decreased chlorophyll b content, and inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The results will assist in elucidating the mechanism of yellow-leaf Forsythia in response to light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengtian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wang Q, Hu J, Hu H, Li Y, Xiang M, Wang D. Integrated eco-physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses of selenium fortification mechanism in alfalfa. PLANTA 2022; 256:114. [PMID: 36370252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foliar Se (IV) application at 100 mg/kg can act as a positive bio-stimulator of redox, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism in alfalfa via phenotypes, nutritional compositions, biochemistry, combined with transcriptome analysis. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals, and plants are the primary source of dietary Se. However, Se usually has dual (beneficial/toxic) effects on the plant itself. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage resources in the world due to its high nutritive value. In this study, we have investigated the effects of sodium selenite (Se (IV)) (0, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg) on eco-physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional mechanisms in alfalfa. The phenotypic and nutritional composition alterations revealed that lower Se (IV) (100 mg/kg) levels positively affected alfalfa; it enhanced the antioxidant activity, which may contribute to redox homeostasis and chloroplast function. At 100 mg/kg Se (IV) concentration, the H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents decreased by 36.72% and 22.62%, respectively, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased by 31.10%. Se supplementation at 100 mg/kg increased the plant pigments contents, the light-harvesting capacity of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (ΔP700max), and the carbon fixation efficiency, which was demonstrated by enhanced photosynthesis (37.6%). Furthermore, alfalfa shifted carbon flux to protein synthesis to improve quality at 100 mg/kg of Se (IV) by upregulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic genes. On the contrary, at 500 mg/kg, Se (IV) became toxic. Higher Se (IV) disordered the plant antioxidant system, increasing H2O2 and MDA by 14.2 and 4.3%, respectively. Moreover, photosynthesis was inhibited by 20.2%, and more structural substances, such as lignin, were synthesized. These results strongly suggest that Se (IV) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg act as the positive bio-stimulator of redox metabolism, photosynthesis, and nutrient in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jinke Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Huafeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Hennan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Meiling Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
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