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He J, Li J, Gao Q, Shen W, Liu W, Xia M, Xiao H, Xiao D. In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1657. [PMID: 38891704 PMCID: PMC11170994 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) meal levels on the nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microflora of beef cattle in vitro. A total of 24 fermentation tanks were randomly divided into four treatments containing 0% COS (CON), 0.02% COS, 0.04% COS, and 0.08% COS for an 8-day experiment period, with each treatment comprising six replicates. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and total gas production were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and ADF were greatest, whereas the total gas production was lowest in the 0.08% COS group. The pH, NH3-N, MCP, the content of propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, valerate, and the A/P were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels, while the A/P were linearly decreased. The pH, MCP, and the content of propionate, and butyrate were highest, whereas the NH3-N and the content of acetate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the A/P were lowest in the 0.08% COS group. Microbiomics analysis showed that the rumen microbial diversity was not altered between the CON and the 0.08% COS group. However, the relative abundance of Methanosphaera, Ruminococcus, Endomicrobium, and Eubacterium groups was increased, and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Dorea and Escherichia-Shigella showed a decrease in the 0.08% COS group. Overall, the 0.08% COS was the most effective among the three addition levels, resulting in an increase in the disappearance rate of in vitro fermented nutrients and improvements in rumen fermentation indexes and microbial communities. This, in turn, led to the maintenance of rumen health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenchang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Min Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Q.G.); (W.S.); (W.L.); (M.X.); (H.X.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
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Zhou L, Abouelezz K, Momenah MA, Bajaber MA, Baazaoui N, Taha TF, Awad AE, Alamoudi SA, Beyari EA, Alanazi YF, Allohibi A, Saad AM. Dietary Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as a new probiotic: Improving effects on IR broiler growth performance, hepatosomatic index, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, immune response, antioxidant parameters, and caecal microorganisms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103239. [PMID: 38035472 PMCID: PMC10698673 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for a natural antimicrobial agent is ongoing and critical because of the rise and rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The current study aims to examine the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as an alternative antibiotic and feed additive on Indian river broiler performance, digestive enzymes, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, hepatosomatic index, immunological response, gut bacteria, and antioxidant parameters. The bacterial isolate AM20 was identified at the gene level by isolating DNA and using PCR to detect genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacterial isolate was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. One hundred twenty Indian river broilers (1-day old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 chicks each, with 3 replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet only, while the other 3 were administered control diets supplemented with P. polymyxa at 3 concentrations: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg. The findings revealed that all groups that received graded amounts of P. polymyxa increased all growth parameters throughout the study. P. polymyxa treatment at 1.5 mg/kg increased body gain by 9% compared to the control due to increased feed intake (P = 0.0001), growth rate (P = 0.0001), and decreased feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, P. polymyxa (1.5 mg/kg) enhanced kidney functions in chickens by reducing uric acid and creatinine levels (P = 0.0451). Compared to the control group, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels in the liver were significantly reduced at all P. polymyxa doses. Liver function values were highest for P. polymyxa at 1.5 mg/kg. Compared to the control group, those whose diets included P. polymyxa had significantly better blood cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, immunological response, thyroid function, and gut microbiota. In general, broiler chickens' economic efficiency was improved by including P. polymyxa in their diet, which also improved their growth performance, carcass dressing, specific blood biochemical levels and enzymes, and the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Khaled Abouelezz
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha F Taha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Awad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Soha A Alamoudi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Beyari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aminah Allohibi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Grozina AA, Ilina LA, Laptev GY, Yildirim EA, Ponomareva ES, Filippova VA, Tyurina DG, Fisinin VI, Kochish II, Griffin DK, Surai PF, Romanov MN. Probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in modulating the intestinal microbiota and performance of broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad213. [PMID: 37715326 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gut bacteria play an important role in poultry nutrition and the immune defense system. Changes in the intestinal microbiome affect the physiological state, metabolism, and innate immunity of poultry. The present study aimed to characterize age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract microflora in broiler chickens, depending on supplementation of the diet with the in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 and a Bacillus subtilis strain-based probiotic. METHODS AND RESULTS In this regard, a comprehensive analysis of the taxonomic structure of the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens was carried out using a molecular genetic technique of the terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and taking into account age dynamics and feeding treatment. A beneficial effect on the microbiological composition and body weight of broilers was observed when using the antibiotic and probiotic in compound feeds. Different bacterial communities were revealed in the duodenum and cecum, and their positive impact on broiler growth was established. The results obtained shed light on the formation of GIT microflora of broiler chickens during the growing period and its changes in response to the use of the antibiotic and the probiotic. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the implementation of the tested in-feed antibiotic and probiotic can be beneficial in regulating the intestinal microflora microbiological processes in the GIT and improving the feeding efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Grozina
- Federal Scientific Center "All-Russia Research and Technological Poultry Institute", Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast 141311, Russia
| | - Larisa A Ilina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | - Georgiy Yu Laptev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | - Elena A Yildirim
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | | | - Valentina A Filippova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir I Fisinin
- Federal Scientific Center "All-Russia Research and Technological Poultry Institute", Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast 141311, Russia
| | - Ivan I Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Darren K Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Michael N Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Moscow Oblast 142132, Russia
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Addeo NF, Nocera FP, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, Bovera F, De Martino L, De Prisco R. On effect of poultry manure treatment with Effective Microorganisms with or without zeolite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91189-91198. [PMID: 37474855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition process of poultry manure is generally mediated by microorganisms, whose degradation activity has beneficial effects on soil fertility but, on the other hand, leads to the generation of malodour gas. Indeed, a relevant problem of poultry farms is represented by the release of bad smells, which are mainly a consequence of decomposition process of chicken feces, chicken bedding, plumes, dropped feed, and dust. Furthermore, the unpleasant odour, associated with poultry manure degradation, not only limits its use in agriculture but also negatively affects the housing communities located near the farms. This study aimed at evaluating the effects in vitro of different doses of Effective Microorganisms (EM), mainly consisting of live communities of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and yeasts, on poultry manure alone or with zeolite, a porous mineral with absorbent and ion-exchange properties, belonging to the family of aluminosilicates. The obtained results demonstrated that these treatments were able to reduce the poultry manure malodours, associated mainly with a decrease in the ammonia (NH3) levels with respect to controls. The pH tended to increase, the nitrogen to go down, and the phosphorus to go up. Thus, all the effects described above were evident, testifying to a slower degradation of proteins, both with EM alone or in combination with zeolite. The presence of a pool of pesticides (65 components) was evaluated, and no variation was observed in the different experimental conditions versus control, as well as for REEs and metals. In conclusion, these preliminary results demonstrated that the use of EM with or without the addition of zeolite is a valid tool to eliminate the bad smell of manure and to make it a useful product as a fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Francesco Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Liu L, Li L, Li C, Wang H, Zhang X, Ren Q, Zhang H, Jin N, Li C, Zhao C. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Supplementation on the Production, Meat Quality, Intestinal Morphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1549. [PMID: 37375050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. plantarum LPJZ-658 on the production, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broilers. White-feathered broilers (1 day old, n = 600) were randomly assigned to two groups and raised for six weeks. The individuals in the LPJZ-658 group were supplemented with 2.6 × 109 cfu/g LPJZ-658. The growth performance, meat quality, intestinal epithelium morphology, and cecal microbiota were observed. The results showed that the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers in the LPJZ-658 group were significantly improved. In addition, the LPJZ-658 groups had a higher thigh muscle (TM) yield, TM color, TMpH24h, breast muscle (BM) pH24h, and BM color24h, while the BM cooking loss was significantly lower than the CON group. Moreover, supplementation with LPJZ-658 increased ileum and cecum length, duodenum and ileum villus height, and ileum villus height/crypt depth ratio. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the dietary LPJZ-658 supplementation modulated the diversity and composition of cecal microflora. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Acidobacteriota were significantly higher. In addition, LPJZ-658 substantially decreased the genus relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus compared with the CON group and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as OBacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Bacillus, and Akkermansia. It was concluded that LPJZ-658 supplementation significantly increased growth production, improved meat quality and intestinal status, and modulated the intestinal microbiota in the broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Qingdan Ren
- Jilin Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
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Shaufi MAM, Sieo CC, Chong CW, Geok Hun T, Omar AR, Han Ming G, Wan Ho Y. Effects of Phage Cocktail, Probiotics, and Their Combination on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081328. [PMID: 37106891 PMCID: PMC10135209 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phages, which are often used therapeutically, have begun to receive interest as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for enhancing chicken growth. Another option that has been extensively studied as a growth promoter in chickens is probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study available on the use of phages and probiotics in combination as potential feed additives for broiler chickens. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effects of a phage cocktail, probiotics, and their combination on the growth performance and gut microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allotted to one of six treatments in a completely randomised design. The treatments were (i) C (basal diet (BD) only), (ii) 1ϕ (BD + 0.1% phage cocktail), (iii) 2ϕ (BD + 0.2% phage cocktail), (iv) P (BD + 0.1% probiotic), (v) 1ϕP (BD + 0.1% phage cocktail + 0.1% probiotic), and (vi) 2ϕP (BD + 0.2% phage cocktail + 0.1% probiotic). The 1ϕP treatment had significantly (p < 0.05) better BW (35 days), BWG (22-35 days, 1-35 days), and FCR (1-21 days, 22-35 days, 1-35 days) compared to C. Unique gut microbiota diversity was also found between the ϕP (1ϕP and 2ϕP) and non-ϕP groups (C, 1ϕ, 2ϕ, and P) in ilea, particularly in the 35-day-old chickens. Microorganisms associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were significantly (p < 0.05) more present in the ϕP group than in the non-ϕP group. The predicted genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were significantly upregulated in ϕP groups compared to non-ϕP groups. These genes were involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the production of energy. Our findings showed that the 1ϕP treatment could be a potential alternative to AGPs for poultry, as growth performance was enhanced, and gut microbiota was positively modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asrore Mohd Shaufi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chin Chin Sieo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Taman Esplanade, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Tan Geok Hun
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
| | - Gan Han Ming
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
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Obianwuna UE, Agbai Kalu N, Wang J, Zhang H, Qi G, Qiu K, Wu S. Recent Trends on Mitigative Effect of Probiotics on Oxidative-Stress-Induced Gut Dysfunction in Broilers under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040911. [PMID: 37107286 PMCID: PMC10136232 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health includes normal intestinal physiology, complete intestinal epithelial barrier, efficient immune response, sustained inflammatory balance, healthy microbiota, high nutrient absorption efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and energy balance. One of the diseases that causes severe economic losses to farmers is necrotic enteritis, which occurs primarily in the gut and is associated with high mortality rate. Necrotic enteritis (NE) primarily damages the intestinal mucosa, thereby inducing intestinal inflammation and high immune response which diverts nutrients and energy needed for growth to response mediated effects. In the era of antibiotic ban, dietary interventions like microbial therapy (probiotics) to reduce inflammation, paracellular permeability, and promote gut homeostasis may be the best way to reduce broiler production losses. The current review highlights the severity effects of NE; intestinal inflammation, gut lesions, alteration of gut microbiota balance, cell apoptosis, reduced growth performance, and death. These negative effects are consequences of; disrupted intestinal barrier function and villi development, altered expression of tight junction proteins and protein structure, increased translocation of endotoxins and excessive stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. We further explored the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate NE challenge and restore the gut integrity of birds under disease stress; synthesis of metabolites and bacteriocins, competitive exclusion of pathogens, upregulation of tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules, increased secretion of intestinal secretory immunoglobulins and enzymes, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune response and the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune boost via the modulation of the TLR/NF-ĸ pathway. Furthermore, increased beneficial microbes in the gut microbiome improve nutrient utilization, host immunity, and energy metabolism. Probiotics along with biosecurity measures could mitigate the adverse effects of NE in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nenna Agbai Kalu
- Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Bioactive compounds, antibiotics and heavy metals: effects on the intestinal structure and microbiome of monogastric animals – a non-systematic review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The intestinal structure and gut microbiota are essential for the animals‘ health. Chemical components taken with food provide the right environment for a specific microbiome which, together with its metabolites and the products of digestion, create an environment, which in turn is affects the population size of specific bacteria. Disturbances in the composition of the gut microbiota can be a reason for the malformation of guts, which has a decisive impact on the animal‘ health. This review aimed to analyse scientific literature, published over the past 20 years, concerning the effect of nutritional factors on gut health, determined by the intestinal structure and microbiota of monogastric animals. Several topics have been investigated: bioactive compounds (probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and herbal active substances), antibiotics and heavy metals (essentaial minerals and toxic heavy metals).
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Peng X, Ed-Dra A, Song Y, Elbediwi M, Nambiar RB, Zhou X, Yue M. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus alleviates intestinal inflammation and promotes microbiota-mediated protection against Salmonella fatal infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973224. [PMID: 36032095 PMCID: PMC9411107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier of chicks caused by Salmonella significantly resulting economic losses in the modern poultry industry. Probiotics are recognized for beneficially influencing host immune responses, promoting maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity, antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms and health-promoting properties. Some basic studies attest to probiotic capabilities and show that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus could protect intestinal mucosa from injury in animals infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in chicks are still not fully understood. Here, we used the chick infection model combined with histological, immunological, and molecular approaches to address this question. The results indicated that L. rhamnosus significantly reduced the diarrhea rate and increased the daily weight gain and survival rate of chicks infected with S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, we found that L. rhamnosus markedly improved the immunity of gut mucosa by reducing apoptotic cells, hence effectively inhibiting intestinal inflammation. Notably, pre-treatment chicks with L. rhamnosus balanced the expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, moderated endotoxin and D-lactic acid levels, and expanded tight junction protein levels (Zonula occluden-1 and Claudin-1), enhanced the function of the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Additionally, investigations using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing also demonstrated that L. rhamnosus greatly weakened the adhesion of Salmonella, the mainly manifestation is the improvement of the diversity of intestinal microbiota in infected chicks. Collectively, these results showed the application of L. rhamnosus against Salmonella fatal infection by enhancing barrier integrity and the stability of the gut microbiota and reducing inflammation in new hatch chicks, offering new antibiotic alternatives for farming animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yan Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Reshma B. Nambiar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yue,
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10
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Deng S, Hu S, Xue J, Yang K, Zhuo R, Xiao Y, Fang R. Productive Performance, Serum Antioxidant Status, Tissue Selenium Deposition, and Gut Health Analysis of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Selenium and Probiotics-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091086. [PMID: 35565512 PMCID: PMC9103767 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect and interaction of dietary selenium (Se) and probiotics on three yellow chicken growth performance, tissue Se content, antioxidant capacity, and gut health were studied from 0 to 70 days of age. A total of 400 one-day-old broilers were distributed into four groups (I-Se, O-Se, I-Se + pros, and O-Se + pros groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors were the source of Se (I-Se = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg sodium selenite; O-Se = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Selenium yeast) and the level of probiotics (0.5% EM or 0% EM, the component of EM mainly includes Lactobacillus and Yeast at the dose of 2 × 108 cfu/kg and 3 × 107 cfu/kg, respectively). Each treatment had 5 duplicates consisting of 20 broilers. The results showed that the I-Se group had a greater (p < 0.05) ratio of feed: weight gain (F/G) of broilers at Starter (0−35 d) than the other treatments. Compared to the I-Se group, the O-Se group increased (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the liver, pancreas, breast muscles, thigh muscle, and the activity of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in serum, as well as the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Lactobacillus in cecum. Meanwhile, probiotics enhanced (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, and the activity of T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the duodenum’s ratio of villi height to crypt depth (V/C), the jejunum villus height and V/C, and the ileum’s villus height. Furthermore, the significant interactions (p < 0.05) between Se sources and the level of probiotics were observed in Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, crypt depth of duodenum, and villus height of jejunum of birds, and Barnesiella abundance in the cecal. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of O-Se + pros can improve broiler early growth performance, tissue Se content in the pancreas, thigh muscle, and serum, promote intestinal development, and regulate the composition of intestinal flora, suggesting a better combination. These findings provide an effective method of nutrient combination addition to improving the performance of three yellow chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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