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Lv H, Yan C. Effects of wheat intercropping on growth and occurrence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17587. [PMID: 38952963 PMCID: PMC11216207 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Watermelon is commonly affected by Fusarium wilt in a monoculture cropping system. Wheat intercropping alleviates the affection of Fusarium wilt of watermelon. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of wheat and watermelon intercropping on watermelon growth and Fusarium wilt. Our results showed that wheat and watermelon intercropping promoted growth, increased chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis of watermelon. Meanwhile, wheat and watermelon intercropping inhibited watermelon Fusarium wilt occurrence, decreased spore numbers, increased root vigor, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in watermelon roots. Additionally, wheat and watermelon intercropping enhanced the bacterial colonies and total microbes growth in soil, decreased fungi and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) colonies, and increased soil enzyme activities in watermelon rhizosphere soil. Our results indicated that wheat and watermelon intercropping enhanced watermelon growth and decreased the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. These effects could be due to intercropping inducing physiological changes, regulating soil enzyme activities, and/or modulating soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiFang Lv
- Institute of Vegetables, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heifei, Anhui, China
- Blueberry Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui, School of Biology and Food Engineering, HeFei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - CongSheng Yan
- Institute of Vegetables, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heifei, Anhui, China
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He N, Umer MJ, Yuan P, Wang W, Zhu H, Lu X, xing Y, Gong C, Batool R, Sun X, Liu W. Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes in diploid and triploid watermelon leaves during flooding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108795. [PMID: 36968389 PMCID: PMC10033695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Flooding is a major stress factor impacting watermelon growth and production globally. Metabolites play a crucial role in coping with both biotic and abiotic stresses. Methods In this study, diploid (2X) and triploid (3X) watermelons were investigated to determine their flooding tolerance mechanisms by examining physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes at different stages. Metabolite quantification was done using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and a total of 682 metabolites were detected. Results The results showed that 2X watermelon leaves had lower chlorophyll content and fresh weights compared to 3X. The activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were higher in 3X than in 2X. 3X watermelon leaves showed lower O2 production rates, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in response to flooding, while higher ethylene production was observed. 3X had higher levels of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and ascorbic acid + dehydrogenase (AsA + DHA), but both 2X and 3X showed a significant decline in the AsA/DHA ratio at later stages of flooding. Among them, 4-guanidinobutyric acid (mws0567), an organic acid, may be a candidate metabolite responsible for flooding tolerance in watermelon and had higher expression levels in 3X watermelon, suggesting that triploid watermelon is more tolerant to flooding. Conclusion This study provides insights into the response of 2X and 3X watermelon to flooding and the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes involved. It will serve as a foundation for future in-depth molecular and genetic studies on flooding response in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan xing
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowu Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Dong P, Zhao Y, Li H, Jia X, An P, Tang Y, Li C. Foliar Application of Spermidine Alleviates Waterlogging-Induced Damages to Maize Seedlings by Enhancing Antioxidative Capacity, Modulating Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1921. [PMID: 36431056 PMCID: PMC9692385 DOI: 10.3390/life12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging is a major threat to maize production worldwide. The exogenous application of spermidine is well known to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The role of exogenous spermidine application in waterlogging tolerance in maize was investigated in this study. Two maize varieties (a waterlogging-tolerant variety: Xundan 20 (XD20) and a waterlogging-sensitive variety: Denghai 662 (DH662)) were subjected to waterlogging stress at the seedling stage, and then foliar spraying of 0.75 mM spermidine or purified water. Findings demonstrated lower chlorophyll content, reduced growth indices, considerable increase in superoxide anion (O2-) generation rate, and H2O2/malondialdehyde accumulation in the two maize varieties under waterlogging stress compared to the control treatment. However, the tolerance variety performed better than the sensitive one. Foliar application of spermidine significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities under waterlogging stress. In addition, the application of spermidine increased polyamine levels and led to the reduction of ethylene levels under waterlogging. Consequences of spermidine application were most apparent for the waterlogging-sensitive cultivar DH662 under waterlogging than the waterlogging-tolerant variety XD20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaohai Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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