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Llangarí-Arizo LM, Sadiq ST, Márquez C, Cooper P, Furegato M, Zhou L, Aranha L, Mateo MM, Romero-Sandoval N. Sexually transmitted infections and factors associated with risky sexual practices among female sex workers: A cross sectional study in a large Andean city. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250117. [PMID: 33956840 PMCID: PMC8101946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited published data on factors related to risky sexual practices (RSP) affecting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ecuador. METHODS Cross-sectional study of FSWs presenting for a consultation in a primary health care centre during 2017. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on RSP and potential risk factors including age, membership of an FSW association, self-report of previous STI diagnosis, previous treatment for suspected STI and temporary migration for sex work. Associations between RSP and potential risk factors were estimated by logistic regression. The proportion of STI was estimated from vaginal swabs by real-time PCR for four sexually transmitted pathogens (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma genitalium). RESULTS Of 249 FSWs recruited, 22.5% had reported RSPs at least once during sex work. Among FSWs reporting unprotected vaginal sex in the previous three months, 25.5% had at least one other RSP type. 17.6% (95%CI 13.3-22.8) had at least one active STI. Prevalence of co-infections was 2.4% (95%CI 1.1-5.2). In multivariable analysis, RSP was associated with age (adjusted OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.02-1.10), membership of an FSWs association (aOR 3.51; 95%CI 1.60-7.72) and self-reported previous STI (aOR 3.43; 95%CI 1.28-9.17). CONCLUSIONS Among a population of female sex workers with high proportion of STIs, increasing age and belonging to an FSWs association was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in RSP with clients. Engaging with FSWs organisations may reduce the burden of STI among sex workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Marina Llangarí-Arizo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Internacional Grups de Recerca d’Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines – GRAAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Tariq Sadiq
- Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Márquez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Philip Cooper
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Furegato
- Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Aranha
- Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Martín Mateo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Internacional Grups de Recerca d’Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines – GRAAL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Romero-Sandoval
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Red Internacional Grups de Recerca d’Amèrica i Àfrica Llatines – GRAAL, Barcelona, Spain
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Dahlui M, Azzeri A, Zain MA, Mohd Noor MI, Jaafar H, Then AYH, Suhaimi J, Kari F, Creencia LA, Madarcos JR, Jose E, Fleming LE, White MP, Morrissey K, Fadzil KS, Goh HC. Health status, healthcare utilisation, and quality of life among the coastal communities in Sabah: Protocol of a population-based survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22067. [PMID: 32925742 PMCID: PMC7489655 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coastal areas in Malaysia can have important impacts on the livelihoods and health of local communities. Efforts by Malaysian government to develop and improve the landscape and ecosystem have been planned; however, the progress has been relatively slow because some of the coastal areas are remote and relatively inaccessible. Thus, these coastal communities face various challenges in health, healthcare and quality of life. This paper presents a study protocol to examine the health status, healthcare utilisation, and quality of life among the coastal communities. In addition, the relationship between the community and their coastal environment is examined. METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS The population of interest is the coastal communities residing within the Tun Mustapha Park in Sabah, Malaysia. The data collection is planned for a duration of 6 months and the findings are expected by December 2020. A random cluster sampling will be conducted at three districts of Sabah. This study will collect 600 adult respondents (300 households are estimated to be collected) at age of 18 and above. The project is a cross sectional study via face-to-face interview with administered questionnaires, anthropometrics measurements and observation of the living condition performed by trained interviewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Amirah Azzeri
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
| | - Mohd Aizat Zain
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya
| | - Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya
- Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 26400, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hafiz Jaafar
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
| | - Amy Yee Hui Then
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - Julia Suhaimi
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
| | - Fatimah Kari
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lota A. Creencia
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - John Roderick Madarcos
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Edgar Jose
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Mathew P. White
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Kamal Solhaimi Fadzil
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Ching Goh
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya
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Azzeri A, Ching GH, Jaafar H, Mohd Noor MI, Razi NA, Then AYH, Suhaimi J, Kari F, Dahlui M. A Review of Published Literature Regarding Health Issues of Coastal Communities in Sabah, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1533. [PMID: 32120949 PMCID: PMC7084212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several of the coastal zones in Sabah, Malaysia, are isolated and inaccessible. This study aimed to review the published literature on the health status of the coastal communities in Sabah. The following four main health issues were found: (i) malaria, (ii) tuberculosis (TB), (iii) seafood poisoning, and (iv) antenatal problems. Factors associated with the risk of acquiring malarial infection in the studied coastal area were advanced age, male sex, farming as an occupation, history of travel outside the village, and rainy seasons. TB infection was primarily observed in adult men. Seafood poisoning was significantly common in Sabah. Studies have reported that tetrodotoxin and paralytic shellfish poisoning were commonly reported (30-60 cases annually). Several pregnant women in the coastal community had insufficient knowledge of the national antenatal care programme. Nonetheless, 99% of them received antenatal care at public healthcare facilities with 92% of them undergoing safe delivery. Nevertheless, a majority of the pregnant women had iodine deficiency due to low iodised salt intake. Findings from this review highlighted that the coastal communities in Sabah are experiencing significant health problems. Specific attention is required to significantly enhance the health and well-being of the individuals living in the coastal communities in Sabah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Azzeri
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.J.)
| | - Goh Hong Ching
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (G.H.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Urban Planning & Real Estate (SUPRE), Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hafiz Jaafar
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.J.)
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (G.H.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Urban Planning & Real Estate (SUPRE), Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nurain Amirah Razi
- Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia;
| | - Amy Yee-Hui Then
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Julia Suhaimi
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Fatimah Kari
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.J.)
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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