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Morgan NK, Kim E, González-Ortiz G. Holo-analysis of the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler chicken performance. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:79-86. [PMID: 37955138 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2280963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
1. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) stimulate proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. This results in enhanced utilisation of dietary non-starch polysaccharides and increased production of valuable short-chain fatty acids. However, these positive effects do not always translate into improved bird productive performance, with inconsistent performance responses observed between bird trials.2. A holo-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing XOS into broiler diets on bird feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion and mortality. This was done by comparing the XOS supplemented treatment to the control treatment. A total of 53 studies which met the criteria for inclusion were used in the analysis.3. The results showed that XOS had a notable positive impact on bird mortality; XOS reduced mortality by 0.69% for every 1% increment in the control group. XOS supplementation induced a positive effect on the feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, the efficacy of XOS at improving FCR was dependent on the efficiency of the control group (performance of the flock), and the concentration of total arabinoxylan, protein and phytase in the diet. There were insufficient data points to predict the effect of XOS on body weight and feed intake.4. In conclusion, the holo-analysis revealed that supplementing XOS to broiler chicken diets reduces bird mortality. XOS can also improve FCR, but the scale of response is dependent on the diet composition and control flock performance. Additional studies are required to confirm the effects of XOS on body weight and feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Morgan
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Kim
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Walker H, Vartiainen S, Apajalahti J, Taylor-Pickard J, Nikodinoska I, Moran CA. The Effect of including a Mixed-Enzyme Product in Broiler Diets on Performance, Metabolizable Energy, Phosphorus and Calcium Retention. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 38275788 PMCID: PMC10812510 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of enzymes in the poultry industry is ever increasing because they help to extract as many nutrients as possible from the raw material available and reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of a natural enzyme complex (ASC) on diets low in AME, Ca and P. Male Ross 308 broilers (n = 900) were fed one of four diets: (1) positive control (PC) with no enzyme added (AME 12.55 MJ/kg, AVPhos 4.8 g/kg and AVCal 9.6 g/kg); (2) negative control (NC) with no enzyme added and reduced AME, Ca and P (AME 12.18 MJ/kg, AVPhos 3.3 g/kg, AVCal 8.1 g/kg); (3) negative control plus ASC at 200 g/t; and (4) negative control plus ASC at 400 g/t. Broiler performance, digesta viscosity, tibia mineralization and mineral content were analyzed at d 21. Between d 18 and 20, excreted DM, GE, total nitrogen, Ca, and P were analyzed. ASC at 200 g/t and 400 g/t improved the FCR (p = 0.0014) significantly when compared with that of the NC. There were no significant differences in BW or FI between the treatments. Birds fed ASC at 200 g/t and 400 g/t had significantly improved digesta viscosity (p < 0.0001) compared with that of the PC and NC birds and had significantly higher excreted DM digestibility (p < 0.01) than the NC and the PC birds with 400 g/t ASC. ASC inclusion significantly improved P retention (p < 0.0001) compared to that in the PC. Ca retention was significantly increased by 400 g/t ASC compared to that in the PC and NC (p < 0.001). AME was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for all treatments compared to that in the NC. There were no significant differences between treatments for any of the bone measurements. This study showed that feeding with ASC can support the performance of broilers when fed a diet formulated to have reduced Ca, P and AME, with the greatest results being seen with a higher level of ASC inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Walker
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK; (H.W.); (J.T.-P.)
| | - Suvi Vartiainen
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., 02920 Espoo, Finland; (S.V.); (J.A.)
| | - Juha Apajalahti
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., 02920 Espoo, Finland; (S.V.); (J.A.)
| | - Jules Taylor-Pickard
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Stamford PE9 1TZ, UK; (H.W.); (J.T.-P.)
| | - Ivana Nikodinoska
- Alltech’s European Bioscience Centre, Dunboyne, A86 X006 Co. Meath, Ireland;
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Amir SE, Naeem M, Boocock D, Coveney C, O'Neill HM, Bedford MR, Burton EJ. Xylo-oligosaccharide-based prebiotics upregulate the proteins of the Sus-like system in caecal Bacteroidetes of the chicken: evidence of stimbiotic mechanism. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103113. [PMID: 37856910 PMCID: PMC10590740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the stimbiotic mechanism of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in degrading the complex polysaccharides by the caecal bacteria of the chicken, by applying a proteomic approach. A total of 800 as-hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks were equally divided into 4 experimental pens (200 chicks per pen) at a commercial poultry barn, allocating 2 pens per treatment. Birds were fed ad libitum with 2 dietary treatments; CON (without XOS) and XOS (with 0.1g XOS/kg diet) from d 0 to 35. From each pen, 60 Individual birds were weighed weekly whereas caecal content was obtained from 5 birds cervically dislocated on d 35. The caecal bacteria were lysed and their proteins were quantified using label-free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry. The results showed that XOS significantly increased (P < 0.05) bird weight on d 7, 14, 21, and 28, and body weight gain on d 7, 14, 21, and 35 compared to CON. However, no difference (P > 0.05) in body weight gain was observed from d 0 to 35 between CON and XOS. The proteomic analysis of caecal bacteria revealed that 29 proteins were expressed differently between the CON and the XOS group. Out of 29, 20 proteins were significantly increased in the XOS group compared to CON and 9 of those proteins belonged to the starch-utilizing system (Sus)-like system of the gram-negative Bacteroidetes. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a significant constituent of the human gut microbiota, known for its remarkable ability to hydrolyze most glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides. This microorganism possesses a 5-protein complex in its outer membrane, named the starch utilization system (Sus), responsible for adhering to, breaking down, and transporting starch into the cell. Sus serves as an exemplar system for numerous polysaccharide utilization loci that target glycans found in Bt and other members of the Bacteroidetes phylum. The proteins of the Sus-like system are involved in the degradation of complex polysaccharides and transportation of the oligosaccharides into the periplasm of the caecal bacteria where they are further broken down into smaller units. These smaller units are then transported into the cytoplasm of the cell where they are utilized in metabolic pathways leading to potential generation of short-chain fatty acids, thus improving the nutritive value of residual feed. In conclusion, XOS supplementation upregulates the expression of the proteins of the Sus-like system indicating its role as a stimbiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba E Amir
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - M Naeem
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom.
| | - David Boocock
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NF, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Coveney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NF, United Kingdom
| | - H M O'Neill
- AB Vista, Marlborough, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
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Li X, Wu X, Ma W, Xu H, Chen W, Zhao F. Feeding Behavior, Growth Performance and Meat Quality Profile in Broiler Chickens Fed Multiple Levels of Xylooligosaccharides. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2582. [PMID: 37627372 PMCID: PMC10451349 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly distributed to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Chickens were fed with corn-soybean meal diet supplementation with additions of 0, 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg XOS for 42 days. At 4 weeks of age, the average feeding time was reduced in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was increased in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). At 5 weeks of age, broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had increased the percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05), and 450 mg/kg XOS had increased the feeding frequency and percentage of feeding time (p < 0.05). At 6 weeks of age, the feeding frequency was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). During 4 to 6 weeks of age, the average feeding time was increased in 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), the frequency was improved in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), and the percentage of feeding time was longer in the XOS group than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The average daily gain was improved during days 22-42 and days 1-42 in the 150 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). Broilers fed with 300 mg/kg XOS had an increased eviscerated rate (p < 0.05). The pH45min of breast muscle was highest in the 450 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05), as well as the pH45min and pH24h of thigh muscle, which improved in the 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg XOS groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the cooking loss of thigh muscle was reduced in the 300 mg/kg XOS group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with XOS had positive effects on the feeding behavior, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Furong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (X.W.); (W.M.)
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Combined effects of sodium butyrate and xylo-oligosaccharide on growth performance, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of broilers at early stage. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102585. [PMID: 36913758 PMCID: PMC10023969 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of chemically protected sodium butyrate (CSB) and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on performance, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of broilers. A total of 280 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 5 treatments: basal diet (CON), basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg aureomycin and 8 mg/kg enramycin (ABX), 1000 mg/kg CSB (CSB), 100 mg/kg XOS (XOS), and mixture of 1000 mg/kg CSB and 100 mg/kg XOS (MIX), respectively. On d 21, ABX, CSB, and MIX decreased feed conversion ratio compared with CON (CON: ABX: CSB: MIX = 1.29: 1.22: 1.22: 1.22), whereas body weight of CSB and MIX was increased by 6.00% and 7.93%, and average daily gain was increased by 6.62% and 8.67% at 1-21 d, respectively (P < 0.05). The main effect analysis showed that both CSB and XOS treatments increased ileal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) (P < 0.05). Moreover, broilers in ABX showed lower 21.39% ileal crypt depth and higher 31.43% VCR than those in CON (P < 0.05). Dietary CSB and XOS were added individually or collectively increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, whereas decreased malondialdehyde, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α content in serum (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MIX showed the best effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity among the 5 groups (P < 0.05). There was an interaction between CSB and XOS treatments on increasing cecal acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (P < 0.05), and the one-way ANOVA showed that propionic acid in CSB was 1.54 times that of CON, whereas butyric acid and total SCFAs in XOS were 1.22 times and 1.28 times that of CON, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary combination of CSB and XOS changed phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, and increased genera Romboutsia and Bacteroides (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CSB and XOS improved growth performance of broilers, and the combined addition of them had the best effect on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, and intestinal homeostasis of broilers in current study, indicating that it may be a potential natural alternative to antibiotics.
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Li X, Wu X, Ma W, Chen W, Zhao F. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides supplementation on the intestinal morphology, nitrogen metabolism, faecal ammonia release, antioxidant capacity, and immune organ indices of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Huang C, Yu Y, Li Z, Yan B, Pei W, Wu H. The preparation technology and application of xylo-oligosaccharide as prebiotics in different fields: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:996811. [PMID: 36091224 PMCID: PMC9453253 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.996811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is a class of functional oligosaccharides that have been demonstrated with prebiotic activity over several decades. XOS has several advantages relative to other oligosaccharide molecules, such as promoting root development as a plant regulator, a sugar supplement for people, and prebiotics to promote intestinal motility utilization health. Now, the preparation and extraction process of XOS is gradually mature, which can maximize the extraction and avoid waste. To fully understand the recent preparation and application of XOS in different areas, we summarized the various technologies for obtaining XOS (including acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal pretreatment, and alkaline extraction) and current applications of XOS, including in animal feed, human food additives, and medicine. It is hoped that this review will serve as an entry point for those looking into the prebiotic field of research, and perhaps begin to dedicate their work toward this exciting classification of bio-based molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Pei
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wu,
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Li S, Liu G, Xu Y, Liu J, Chen Z, Zheng A, Cai H, Chang W. Comparison of the effects of applying xylooligosaccharides alone or in combination with calcium acetate in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lin Y, Teng PY, Olukosi OA. The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on regulating growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression of tight junctions, nutrient transporters, and cecal short chain fatty acids profile in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102125. [PMID: 36088820 PMCID: PMC9468463 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-d experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression of tight junctions, nutrient transporters, and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile of broiler chickens challenged with mixed Eimeria spp. Two hundred fifty-two zero-day-old chicks were allocated to 6 treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg XOS; with or without Eimeria challenge). Challenged groups were inoculated with a solution containing E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella oocysts on d 15. During the infection period (d 15 to d 21), there was a significant (P < 0.05) Eimeria × XOS interaction for weight gain (WG). XOS significantly (P < 0.05) increased WG in the unchallenged birds but not in the challenged treatments. There was no significant Eimeria × XOS interaction for N and minerals utilization responses. XOS supplementation at 0.5 g/kg tended to alleviate Eimeria-induced depression in apparent ileal digestibility of DM (P = 0.052). Challenged birds had lower (P < 0.01) AME, AMEn, and total retention of N, Ca, and P. Eimeria upregulated (P < 0.01) gene expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1, junctional adhesion molecule-2, and glucose transporter GLUT1; but downregulated (P < 0.01) the peptide transporter PepT1, amino acid transporters rBAT, CAT2, y+LAT2, and zinc transporter ZnT1. XOS alleviated (P < 0.05) Eimeria-induced claudin-1 upregulation. Eimeria decreased (P < 0.05) cecal saccharolytic SCFA acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA, but increased (P < 0.05) branched chain fatty acids isobutyrate and isovalerate. The supplementation of XOS tended to decrease the concentration of isobutyrate (P = 0.08) and isovalerate (P = 0.062). In conclusion, 0.5 g/kg XOS supplementation alleviated depression in growth performance and nutrient utilization from the Eimeria challenge. In addition, supplemental XOS reversed the gene expression changes of claudin-1, also showed the potentials of alleviating the negative cecal fermentation pattern induced by Eimeria infection.
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Liu J, Wang B, Lai Q, Lu Y, Li L, Li Y, Liu S. Boosted growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) by single or in combination dietary Bacillus subtilis and xylo-oligosaccharides. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109296. [PMID: 35189356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 420 healthy crucian carp (9.77 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into CK, B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group, and cultured for 8 weeks. Results showed that the dietary Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) can significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and survival rate of crucian carp. Dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly increased the activities of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, significantly decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, and significantly increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and the contents of complement component 3,4 and immunoglobulin M in crucian carp serum. In addition, compared with CK group, the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in B·S, XOS and B·S + XOS group were significantly increased, and the expression levels of TNF-α, HSP90, IL-1β, TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly decreased. Supplementation of B. subtilis and XOS can also improve the intestinal tissue morphology of crucian carp. After injection of 1 × 107 CFU/mL Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), compared with CK group, the survival rates of the B·S group, the XOS group and the B·S + XOS group were increased by 13.98%, 10.56% and 30.74%, respectively. These results show that dietary B. subtilis and XOS can significantly improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and resistance to A. hydrophila of crucian carp, and the combined effect is better than that of single addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qifang Lai
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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Zhang YY, Liu YS, Li JL, Xing T, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Gao F. Role of dietary resistant starch in the regulation of broiler immunological characteristics. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35603635 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) has received increased attention due to its potential health benefits. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary corn RS on immunological characteristics of broilers. A total of 320 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments: normal corn-soyabean (NC) diet group, corn starch diet group, 4 %, 8 % and 12 % RS diet groups. This trial lasted for 42 d. The relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa, the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-4 in plasma at 21 d of age, as well as the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in plasma at 21 and 42 d of age showed positive linear responses (P < 0·05) to the increasing dietary RS level. Meanwhile, compared with the birds from the NC group at 21 d of age, birds fed 4 % RS, 8 % RS and 12 % RS diets exhibited higher (P < 0·05) relative weight of bursa and concentrations of NO and interferon-γ in plasma. Birds fed 4 % RS and 8 % RS diets showed higher (P < 0·05) number of IgA-producing cells in the jejunum. While compared with birds from the NC group at 42 d of age, birds fed 12 % RS diet showed higher (P < 0·05) relative weight of spleen and activities of TNOS and iNOS in plasma. These findings suggested that dietary corn RS supplementation can improve immune function in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Sen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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12
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Jahan AA, González Ortiz G, Moss AF, Bhuiyan MM, Morgan NK. Role of supplemental oligosaccharides in poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2067805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Jahan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - A. F. Moss
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - M. M. Bhuiyan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - N. K. Morgan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture, Curtin University, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Zhang J, Li Z, Yu C, Liu H, Zhou B, Zhang X, Wang T, Wang C. Efficacy of using zinc oxide nanoparticle as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoter and zinc sulphate for growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal barrier function in broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2041494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Singh AK, Tiwari UP, Mishra B, Jha R. Effects of in ovo delivered xylo- and mannan- oligosaccharides on growth performance, intestinal immunity, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and cecal microbiota of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:13. [PMID: 35130986 PMCID: PMC8822640 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo- and mannan- oligosaccharides (XOS and MOS) differing in the degree of polymerization. A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups: i) normal saline control (NSC), ii) xylotriose (XOS3), iii) xylotetraose (XOS4), iv) mannotriose (MOS3), v) mannotetraose (MOS4), and vi) no injection control (NIC), each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per replicate. On d 17 of incubation, 3 mg of oligosaccharides (except for controls) dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers eggs. After hatch, the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum, and samples were collected periodically. Results The hatchability, growth performance, and relative weights of breast, drumstick, liver, and proventriculus were not different among the treatments (P > 0.05). The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups (P < 0.05). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day (P < 0.01) but were not different among any treatments on d 7 and 28 (P > 0.05). On the hatch day, the expression level of the CD3 gene (a T cell marker) was increased by XOS3, while the IL-10 gene (a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine) was reduced by MOS4 (P < 0.05) compared with both controls. Compared with both controls, XOS3 exhibited a trend of reduction for IL-10 (P = 0.074). No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7 (P > 0.05), except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC (P < 0.05). The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and had more differentially abundant taxa, including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae (P < 0.05) than both controls on d 28. The predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the cecal microbiota of the XOS3 group compared with both controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effects of these XOS and MOS on ileal mucosa and immunity are transient, but the effects on fermentation and cecal microbiota are prolonged, and further research is warranted to determine their use as a gut health promoter in poultry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00666-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Utsav Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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15
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Yang C, Tang XW, Liu X, Yang H, Bin DM, Liu HJ, Tang QH, Tang JY. Effects of dietary oligosaccharides on serum biochemical index, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status in broilers. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13679. [PMID: 35068019 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of different oligosaccharides on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant status of broilers, 240 1-day-old XiangHuang broilers were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 6 replicates each. Birds were fed corn-soybean-based diets (CON), and birds in xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and iso-maltooligosaccharide (IMO) groups were given the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg XOS, FOS, and IMO, respectively. Result showed that average daily gain (ADG) during the whole 5 weeks in FOS group was greater than that in control group (p < 0.05). Both breast and thigh muscle percentages were higher for birds fed XOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Oligosaccharides supplementation increased jejunal villus height compared with control group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in breast muscle was lower for birds fed diet containing FOS versus CON (p < 0.05). Activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum and thigh muscle were higher in IMO than in control group (p < 0.05). Serum T-SOD and breast muscle's glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was higher in XOS compared with control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion, dietary oligosaccharides such as XOS, FOS, and IMO could improve intestinal health and antioxidant ability of muscle without affect growth performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Xiao Wu Tang
- College of bioengineering Hunan Vocational Technical College of Environment and Biology Hengyang China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Hai Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Dong Mei Bin
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Hui Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Qing Hai Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
| | - Jiao Yu Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in NanYue Mountain Area, Institute of Bio‐Technology for Livestock Hengyang Normal University Hengyang China
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Ajuwon KM, Zhong R, Li T, Chen L, Zhang H, Beckers Y, Everaert N. Xylo-Oligosaccharides, Preparation and Application to Human and Animal Health: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:731930. [PMID: 34568407 PMCID: PMC8458953 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.731930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as functional oligosaccharides and have great prebiotic potential. XOS are the degraded products of xylan prepared via chemical, physical or enzymatic degradation. They are mainly composed of xylose units linked by β-1, 4 bonds. XOS not only exhibit some specific physicochemical properties such as excellent water solubility and high temperature resistance, but also have a variety of functional biological activities including anti-inflammation, antioxidative, antitumor, antimicrobial properties and so on. Numerous studies have revealed in the recent decades that XOS can be applied to many food and feed products and exert their nutritional benefits. XOS have also been demonstrated to reduce the occurrence of human health-related diseases, improve the growth and resistance to diseases of animals. These effects open a new perspective on XOS potential applications for human consumption and animal production. Herein, this review aims to provide a general overview of preparation methods for XOS, and will also discuss the current application of XOS to human and animal health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yining Xie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Departments of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Hunan United Bio-Technology Co., Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
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17
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Karunaratne ND, Newkirk RW, Ames NP, Van Kessel AG, Bedford MR, Classen HL. Hulless barley and β-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble beta-glucan molecular weight and digestive tract characteristics of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:595-608. [PMID: 34377846 PMCID: PMC8326591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous β-glucanase (BGase) in barley-based feed has been shown to reduce digesta viscosity in chickens, and thereby improve performance. Less well studied is the potential for BGase to convert barley β-glucan into low molecular weight carbohydrates, which might influence digestive tract function and enteric disease. Coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens were fed graded levels of hulless barley (HB) and BGase to determine their effects on β-glucan depolymerization and digestive tract characteristics. Broilers were fed high β-glucan HB (0%, 30% and 60% replacing wheat) and BGase (0%, 0.01% and 0.1%) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. A total of 5,346 broilers were raised in litter floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d 5. Each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of 9 rooms. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. At both 11 and 33 d of broiler ages, peak molecular weight of β-glucan in ileal digesta decreased with increasing BGase for 30% and 60% HB. The maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10% β-glucan molecules (MW-10%) decreased with BGase at both ages for 30% and 60% HB; for birds fed 0% HB, only 0.1% BGase decreased MW-10%. The 0.1% BGase increased caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) compared to the 0.01% BGase at d 11 only for the 60% HB. Ileal pH increased with increasing HB and BGase at d 11 and 33. Caecal pH was lower for 0.1% BGase than 0% BGase for 60% HB at d 11. Relative mRNA expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in the ileum increased with 0.1% BGase at d 11 and 33, respectively, whereas expression of ileal mucin 2 (MUC2) decreased with 0.1% BGase at d 33. In the caeca, interactions between HB and BGase were significant for monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5 AC) on d 11, but no treatment effects were found at d 33. In conclusion, BGase depolymerized high molecular weight β-glucan in HB in a dose-dependent manner. Hulless barley and BGase did not increase SCFA concentrations (except for 60% HB with 0.1% BGase at d 11) and caused minor effects on digestive tract histomorphological measurements and relative mRNA gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namalika D. Karunaratne
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rex W. Newkirk
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nancy P. Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Winnipeg, R3T 2E1, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Henry L. Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Zhong R, Han H, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang H, Beckers Y, Everaert N. Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab183. [PMID: 34097723 PMCID: PMC8280928 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yining Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Wu Y, Lei Z, Wang Y, Yin D, Aggrey SE, Guo Y, Yuan J. Metabolome and Microbiota Analysis Reveals the Conducive Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 and Xylan Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683905. [PMID: 34122394 PMCID: PMC8192963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum (P < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth (P < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched Anaerotruncus and Faecalibacterium. In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of Clostridiaceae XIVa, Clostridiaceae XIVb and Lachnospiraceae. Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter. Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (P < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Luo D, Li J, Xing T, Zhang L, Gao F. Combined effects of xylo-oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal physical barrier function of broilers. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13545. [PMID: 33793035 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), coated sodium butyrate (CSB), and their combination on growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal barrier of broilers. A total of 192 1-day-old chicks were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary additives (0 and 150 mg/kg XOS and 0 and 400 mg/kg CSB). This trial lasted for 42 days. CSB supplementation increased the thymus and bursa index, blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and IgG and IgM concentrations, whereas adding XOS only improved IgM concentration (p < .05). A significant interaction was observed for MPO activity. Furthermore, broilers fed CSB and their interaction exhibited increased ileal villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) and goblet cells numbers in the ileum, as well as decreased ileal CD (p < .05). Broilers fed XOS and CSB individually showed higher ileal VH, the number of goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum (p < .05). Moreover, XOS and CSB individual supplementation upregulated the expression of claudin3 in the ileum (p < .05). Simultaneously, a significant interaction was found for the ileal expression of claudin3. Overall, XOS and CSB supplementation could improve the development of immune organs, the small intestine morphology, and the intestinal physical barrier of broilers. Although no clear synergy of XOS and CSB was detected, the combination had positively affect broilers intestinal barrier and immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality, and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality, and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality, and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality, and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality, and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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21
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Zhong R, Liu L, Lin C, Xiao L, Chen L, Zhang H, Beckers Y, Everaert N. Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Growth and Gut Microbiota as Potential Replacements for Antibiotic in Weaning Piglets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641172. [PMID: 33717037 PMCID: PMC7947891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is a well-known kind of oligosaccharide and extensively applied as a prebiotic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of XOS supplementation substituting chlortetracycline (CTC) on growth, gut morphology, gut microbiota, and hindgut short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents of weaning piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments for 28 days, as follows: control group (basal diet, CON), basal diet with 500 mg/kg (XOS500) XOS, and positive control (basal diet with 100 mg/kg CTC). Compared with the CON group, the piglets in the XOS500 group improved body weight (BW) on days 28, average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed: gain ratio during days 1–28 (P < 0.05). The XOS500 supplementation increased Villus height and Villus height: Crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P < 0.05). Villus Height: Crypt Depth of the ileum was also increased in the CTC treatment group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the XOS500 supplementation increased significantly the numbers of goblet cells in the crypt of the cecum. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed distinct differences in microbial compositions between the ileum and cecum. XOS500 supplementation significantly increased the bacterial diversity. However, CTC treatment markedly reduced the microbial diversity (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, XOS500 supplementation in the diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus genus compared to the CON and CTC group in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.01), whereas the level of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Terrisporobacter genus in the XOS500 group were markedly lower than the CON and CTC group (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with XOS500 significantly increased the total short-chain fatty acids, propionate and butyrate concentrations and decreased the acetate concentration compared to the CON group in the cecum (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplemented with XOS500 could enhance specific beneficial microbiota abundance and decrease harmful microbiota abundance to maintain the structure of the intestinal morphology and improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Thus, XOS may potentially function as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in weaned piglets in modern husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yining Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changguang Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Shandong Longlive Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yucheng, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
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22
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Zhou JM, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qiu K, Fu Y, Qi GH, Wang J. Supplemental Xylooligosaccharide Modulates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens Fed Oxidized Fish Oil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:635333. [PMID: 33692770 PMCID: PMC7937631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation improved feed efficiency, ileal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitigative effects of XOS on intestinal mucosal barrier impairment and microbiota dysbiosis induced by oxidized fish oil (OFO) in laying hens. A total of 384 Hy-Line Brown layers at 50 weeks of age were randomly divided into four dietary treatments, including the diets supplemented with 20 g/kg of fresh fish oil (FFO group) or 20 g/kg of oxidized fish oil (OFO group), and the OFO diets with XOS addition at 200 mg/kg (OFO/XOS200 group) or 400 mg/kg (OFO/XOS400 group). Each treatment had eight replicates with 12 birds each. The OFO treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the production performance of birds from 7 to 12 weeks of the experiment, reduced (P < 0.05) ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, and increased (P < 0.05) serum endotoxin concentration, as well as downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and claudin-5 (CLDN5) in the ileal mucosa at the end of the experiment. Dietary XOS addition (400 mg/kg) recovered (P < 0.05) these changes and further improved (P < 0.05) ileal villus height (VH) and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR). In addition, OFO treatment altered cecal microbial composition of layers, and these alterations were probably involved in OFO-induced ileal mucosal impairment as causes or consequences. Supplemental XOS remodeled cecal microbiota of layers fed the OFO diet, characterized by an elevation in microbial richness and changes in microbial composition, including increases in Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia), Paraprevotella, Prevotella_9, and Oscillospira, along with a decrease in Erysipelatoclostridium. The increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia) had positive correlations with the improved ileal VH and ileal mucosal expression of CLDN1. The abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium decreased by XOS addition was negatively associated with ileal VH, VCR, ileal mucosal sIgA content, and the relative expression of zonula occludens-2, CLDN1, and CLDN5. Collectively, supplemental XOS alleviated OFO-induced intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and performance impairment in laying hens, which could be at least partially attributed to the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Zhou J, Wu S, Qi G, Fu Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang J. Dietary supplemental xylooligosaccharide modulates nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:152-162. [PMID: 33997343 PMCID: PMC8110867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens. In a 12-wk experiment, a total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers at 50 wk of age were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments supplemented with XOS at 0, 200 or 400 mg/kg. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 12 birds each. Hens fed XOS diets showed a lower feed-to-egg ratio during wk 7 to 12 and a higher egg yolk color value in wk 12 compared with those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary XOS supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nitrogen at the end of the 12th wk (P < 0.05). In addition, a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed in XOS-added groups (P < 0.05). The high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that dietary XOS supplementation at 200 mg/kg altered cecal microbiota. Alpha diversity analysis illustrated a higher cecal bacterial richness in birds fed with XOS at 200 mg/kg. The composition of cecal microbiota modulated by the XOS addition was characterized by an increased abundance of Firmicutes along with a reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, dietary XOS supplementation triggered decreases in Bacteroides and Campylobacter concurrent with increases in Lactobacillus and several short chain fatty acid producers including Desulfovibrio, Faecalitalea, Faecalicoccus, and 5 genera of family Lachnospiraceae. Collectively, dietary XOS addition improved the feed conversion ratio by modulating nutrient digestibility and ileal morphology in laying hens, which could be attributed to the enhancement of bacterial diversity and alteration of microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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24
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Yin J, Li F, Kong X, Wen C, Guo Q, Zhang L, Wang W, Duan Y, Li T, Tan Z, Yin Y. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide improves intestinal functions in weaned piglets. Food Funct 2020; 10:2701-2709. [PMID: 31025998 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on intestinal functions (i.e., intestinal morphology, tight junctions, gut microbiota and metabolism) and growth performance in weaned piglets. 19 weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups (n = 9/10): a control group (basic diet) and a XOS treated group in which piglets were fed 0.01% XOS for 28 days. Growth performance, blood cells and biochemical parameters, serum cytokines, intestinal morphology, tight junctions, gut microbiota, and the metabolic profiles of the gut digesta were analyzed. The results showed that dietary supplementation with XOS had little effects on growth performance, blood cells and biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology. However, the inflammatory status and intestinal barrier were improved in XOS-fed piglets evidenced by the reduction of IFN-γ and upregulation of ZO-1. Microbiota analysis showed that XOS enhanced α-diversity and affected the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Turicibacter at the genus level. The alterations in the microbiota might be further involved in carbohydrate metabolism, cell motility, cellular processes and signaling, lipid metabolism, and metabolism of other amino acids by functional prediction. A metabolomics study identified three differentiated metabolites, including coenzyme Q6, zizyphine A, and pentadecanal, which might be produced by the microbiota and further affect host metabolism. In conclusion, dietary XOS improved the inflammatory status, gut barrier, and microbiota communities, which might be used as a potential feed additive to prevent gut dysfunction caused by weaning in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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25
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He Y, Yang Y, Dong Y, Yan C, Zhang B. The Effects of Flavomycin and Colistin Sulfate Pre-Treatment on Ileal Bacterial Community Composition, the Response to Salmonella typhimurium and Host Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E574. [PMID: 31752202 PMCID: PMC6920752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the bacterial community affects the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of flavomycin and colistin sulfate on the resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection, ileal bacteria and intestinal health. In total, 396 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Two groups were fed each one of the diets-the control diet (CON), the flavomycin at 10 mg/kg diet (AntiG+), and the colistin sulfate at 40 mg/kg diet (AntiG-), for 5 days. Then, one of each of the two groups was challenged with S. typhimurium on the 8th day; these were named CONS, AntiG+S and AntiG-S, respectively. The results showed that S. typhimurium significantly reduced the feed intake and body weight gain, and increased the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). It also increased the inflammatory expressions of NF-κB and MyD88 genes (p < 0.05); and reduced the expressions of claudin-1, occludin and mucin-2 (p < 0.05) tight junction genes in the intestines. S. typhimurium significantly reduced ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species, chao1 and Shannon (p < 0.05). Compared with AntiG+S group, AntiG-S group increased the body weight gain of broiler chickens (p < 0.05), reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (p < 0.05) and intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (p < 0.05). AntiG-S group also improved the ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species and Shannon (p < 0.05). There were many significant correlations between intestinal bacteria, intestinal gene expressions and intestinal morphology (p < 0.05). This study indicated that pre-constructed AntiG- bacteria could against a S. typhimurium infection by inhibiting the expressions of intestinal inflammation genes and increasing the diversity of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Changliang Yan
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China;
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.)
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26
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Guo S, Cheng Q, Li Y, Duan R, Hou Y, Yi D, Ding B. Effects of dietary coated-oleum cinnamomi supplementation on the immunity and intestinal integrity of broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1581-1590. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Yehan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Rui Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Dan Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
| | - Binying Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products; Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Wuhan Polytechnic University; Wuhan China
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