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Van Brusselen D, De Troeyer K, van Vliet MP, Avonts D, Nemery B, Liesenborghs L, Verhulst S, Van Herck K, De Bacquer D. Air pollution and bronchiolitis: a case-control study in Antwerp, Belgium. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2431-2442. [PMID: 38470521 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between short-term (1 to 5 days) and medium-term (31 days) exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, BC, NO2) at home/daycare and the risk of 'severe bronchiolitis' (defined as 'requiring hospitalization for bronchiolitis') in children under 2 years in Antwerp, Belgium. We included 118 cases and 79 controls admitted to three general hospitals from October 2020 to June 2021. Exposure levels were predicted using an interpolation model based on fixed measuring stations. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis to assess associations, with adjustment for potential confounders. There were hardly any significant differences in the day-to-day air pollution values between cases and controls. Medium-term (31 days) exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was however significantly higher in cases than controls in univariate analysis. Logistic regression revealed an association between severe bronchiolitis and interquartile range (IQR) increases of PM2.5 and PM10 at home and in daycare, as well as IQR increases of NO2 in daycare. Controls were however overrepresented in low pollution periods. Time-adjustment reduced the odds ratios significantly at home for PM2.5 and PM10 (aOR 1.54, 95%CI 0.51-4.65; and 2.69, 95%CI 0.94-7.69 respectively), and in daycare for. PM2.5 (aOR 2.43, 95%CI 0.58-10.1). However, the association between severe bronchiolitis and medium-term air pollution was retained in daycare for IQR increases of PM10 (aOR 5.13, 95%CI 1.24-21.28) and NO2 (aOR 3.88, 95%CI 1.56-9.61) in the time-adjusted model. Conclusion: This study suggests a possible link between severe bronchiolitis and medium-term (31 days) air pollution exposure (PM10 and NO2), particularly in daycare. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings. What is Known: • Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants globally and causes a yearly seasonal wave of admissions in paediatric departments worldwide. • Existing studies, mainly from the USA, show heterogeneous outcomes regarding the association between air pollution and bronchiolitis. What is New: • There is a possible link between severe bronchiolitis and medium-term (31 days) air pollution exposure (PM10 and NO2), particularly in daycare. • Larger studies are needed to validate these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Van Brusselen
- Department of Paediatric Infectiology, ZAS Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital and Lab of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Katrien De Troeyer
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marinus Pieter van Vliet
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital and Lab of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Avonts
- Domus Medica, Chief Editor 'Huisarts Nu', Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verhulst
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital and Lab of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Belachew AB, Rantala AK, Jaakkola MS, Hugg TT, Sofiev M, Kukkonen J, Jaakkola JJK. Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:209-216. [PMID: 38604660 PMCID: PMC11103339 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconsistent evidence of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood. We assessed the effects of individual-level prenatal and early life exposure to air pollutants on the risk of LRTIs in early life. METHODS We studied 2568 members of the population-based Espoo Cohort Study born between 1984 and 1990 and living in 1991 in the City of Espoo, Finland. Exposure assessment was based on dispersion modelling and land-use regression for lifetime residential addresses. The outcome was a LRTI based on data from hospital registers. We applied Poisson regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of LTRIs, contrasting incidence rates in the exposure quartiles to the incidence rates in the first quartile. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the joint effect of the studied air pollutants. RESULTS The risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life was significantly related to exposure to individual and multiple air pollutants, measured with the Multipollutant Index (MPI), including primarily sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with a dry diameter of up to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures in the first year of life, with an adjusted IRR of 1.72 per unit increase in MPI (95% CI 1.20 to 2.47). LRTIs were not related to prenatal exposure. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that ambient air pollution exposure during the first year of life increases the risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life. SO2, PM2.5 and NO2 were found to contribute the highest weights on health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Bekele Belachew
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino K Rantala
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maritta S Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo T Hugg
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Kukkonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Climate Change Research (C3R), University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Nguyen TTN, Vu TD, Vuong NL, Pham TVL, Le TH, Tran MD, Nguyen TL, Künzli N, Morgan G. Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi children during 2007-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117633. [PMID: 37980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a threat to children's respiratory health. This study aims to quantify the association between short-term air pollution exposure and respiratory hospital admissions among children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and estimate the population-attributable burden using local data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted based on the individual records where each case is their own control. The health data was obtained from 13 hospitals in Hanoi and air pollution data was collected from four monitoring stations from 2007 to 2019. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate Percentage Change (PC) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in odd of hospital admissions per 10 μg/m3 increase in daily average particulate matter (e.g. PM1, PM2.5, PM10), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 8-h maximum Ozone and per 1000 μg/m3 increase in daily mean of Carbon Monoxide (CO). We also calculated the number and fraction of admissions attributed to air pollution in Hanoi by using the coefficient at lag 0. A 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, SO2, NO2, O3 8-h maximum and 1000 μg/m3 increase in CO concentration was associated with 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, 0.3%, and 1.7% increase in odd of admission for all respiratory diseases among children under 16 years at lag 0-2. All PM metrics and NO2 are associated with childhood admission for pneumonia and bronchitis. Admissions due to asthma and upper respiratory diseases are related to increments in NO2 and CO. For attributable cases, PM2.5 concentrations in Hanoi exceeding the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines accounted for 1619 respiratory hospital admissions in Hanoi children in 2019. Our findings show that air pollution has a detrimental impact on the respiratory health of Hanoi children and there will be important health benefits from improved air quality management planning to reduce air pollution in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Trang Nhung Nguyen
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tri Duc Vu
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu Luan Vuong
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tu Hoang Le
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Safe Air, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Ziou M, Gao CX, Wheeler AJ, Zosky GR, Stephens N, Knibbs LD, Melody SM, Venn AJ, Dalton MF, Dharmage SC, Johnston FH. Contrasting Health Outcomes following a Severe Smoke Episode and Ambient Air Pollution in Early Life: Findings from an Australian Data Linkage Cohort Study of Hospital Utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117005. [PMID: 37962441 PMCID: PMC10644899 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic spikes in air pollution due to landscape fires are increasing, and their potential for longer term health impacts is uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to evaluate associations between exposure in utero and in infancy to severe pollution from a mine fire, background ambient air pollution, and subsequent hospital care. METHODS We linked health records of births, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations of children born in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, 2012-2015, which included a severe pollution episode from a mine fire (9 February 2014 to 25 March 2014). We assigned modeled exposure estimates for fire-related and ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) to residential address. We used logistic regression to estimate associations with hospital visits for any cause and groupings of infectious, allergic, and respiratory conditions. Outcomes were assessed for the first year of life in the in utero cohort and the year following the fire in the infant cohort. We estimated exposure-response for both fire-related and ambient PM 2.5 and also employed inverse probability weighting using the propensity score to compare exposed and not/minimally exposed children. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to fire-related PM 2.5 was associated with ED presentations for allergies/skin rash [odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.34 , 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.76 per 240 μ g / m 3 increase]. Exposure in utero to ambient PM 2.5 was associated with overall presentations (OR = 1.18 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.33 per 1.4 μ g / m 3 ) and visits for infections (ED: OR = 1.13 , 95% CI: 0.98, 1.29; hospitalizations: OR = 1.23 , 95% CI: 1.00, 1.52). Exposure in infancy to fire-related PM 2.5 compared to no/minimal exposure, was associated with ED presentations for respiratory (OR = 1.37 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.80) and infectious conditions (any: OR = 1.21 , 95% CI: 0.98, 1.49; respiratory-related: OR = 1.39 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.83). Early life exposure to ambient PM 2.5 was associated with overall ED visits (OR = 1.17 , 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30 per 1.4 μ g / m 3 increase). DISCUSSION Higher episodic and lower ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 in early life were associated with visits for allergic, respiratory, and infectious conditions. Our findings also indicated differences in associations at the two developmental stages. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Ziou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Caroline X. Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Luke D. Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shannon M. Melody
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Marita F. Dalton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Neto AB, Ferraro AA, Vieira SE. Acute and subchronic exposure to urban atmospheric pollutants aggravate acute respiratory failure in infants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16888. [PMID: 37803025 PMCID: PMC10558532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban air pollution is a major factor that affects the respiratory health of children and adolescents. Less studied is exposure during the first two years of life. This study analyzed the influence of acute and subchronic exposure to urban air pollutants on the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the first two years of life. This population-based study included 7364 infants hospitalized with ARF. Acute exposure was considered to have occurred 1, 3 and 7 days before hospitalization and subchronic exposure was considered the mean of the last 30 and 60 days. We found that for acute exposure, significant increases in days of hospitalization (LOS) occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (0.24), SO2 (6.64), and CO (1.86); lag 3 days for PM10 (0.30), PM2.5 (0.37), SO2 (10.8), and CO (0.71); and lag 7 days for NO2 (0.16), SO2 (5.07) and CO (0.87). Increases in the risk of death occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (1.06), SO2 (3.64), and CO (1.28); and lag 3 days for NO2 (1.04), SO2 (2.04), and CO (1.19). Subchronic exposures at 30 and 60 days occurred for SO2 (9.18, 3.77) and CO (6.53, 2.97), respectively. The associations were more pronounced with higher temperatures and lower relative humidity levels. We concluded that acute and subchronic exposure to higher atmospheric concentrations of all the pollutants studied were associated with greater severity of ARF. The greatest increases in LOS and risk of death occurred with hot and dry weather.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra E Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Dondi A, Manieri E, Betti L, Dormi A, Carbone C, Biagi C, Pierantoni L, Zama D, Paglione M, Lanari M. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in an urban environment: A 9-year observational study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:2786-2794. [PMID: 37378432 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution is supposed to influence the course of bronchiolitis, but the evidence is limited. The present study aimed at evaluating the role of outdoor air pollutants on hospitalization for bronchiolitis. METHODS Infants aged ≤12 months referred for bronchiolitis to our Pediatric Emergency Department in Bologna, Italy, from 1 October 2011 to 16 March 2020 (nine epidemic seasons) were retrospectively included. Daily concentrations of benzene (C6 H6 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), and ≤10 μm (PM10 ), and the mean values of individual patient exposure in the week and the 4 weeks before hospital access were calculated. The association between air pollutants exposure and hospitalization was evaluated through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 2902 patients were enrolled (59.9% males; 38.7% hospitalized). Exposure to PM2.5 in the 4 weeks preceding bronchiolitis was identified as the main parameter significantly driving the risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.055 [1.010-1.102]). After stratifying by season, higher values of other outdoor air pollutants were found to significantly affect hospitalization: 4-week exposure to C6 H6 (Season 2011-2012, 4.090 [1.184-14.130]) and PM2.5 (Season 2017-2018, 1.282 [1.032-1.593]), and 1-week exposure to C6 H6 (Season 2012-2013, 6.193 [1.552-24.710]), NO2 (Season 2013-2014, 1.064 [1.009-1.122]), PM2.5 (Season 2013-2014, 1.080 [1.023-1.141]), and PM10 (Season 2018-2019, 1.102 [0.991-1.225]). CONCLUSION High levels of PM2.5 , C6 H6 , NO2 , and PM10 may increase the risk of hospitalization in children affected by bronchiolitis. Open-air exposure of infants during rush hours and in the most polluted areas should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Manieri
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Betti
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ada Dormi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Carbone
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Biagi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- Italian National Research Council-Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Song X, Ma Y, Tang J, Peng J, Hu Y, Han Y, Fu X, Luo X, Li X, Ge L, Yang K, Chen Y. Use of GRADE in systematic reviews of health effects on pollutants and extreme temperatures: A cross-sectional survey. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 159:206-213. [PMID: 37253394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (i) To analyze trends and gaps in evidence of health effects on pollutants and extreme temperatures by evidence mapping; (ii) to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the use of the Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) in systematic reviews or meta-analyses (SR/MAs) of health effects on pollutants and extreme temperatures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched until July 7, 2022. SR/MAs investigated health effects of pollutants and extreme temperatures were included. RESULTS Out of 22,658 studies, 312 SR/MAs were included in evidence mapping, and the effects of pollutants on cancer and congenital malformations were new research hotspots. Among 16 SR/MAs involving 108 outcomes that were rated using GRADE, the certainty of evidence was mostly downgraded for inconsistency (50, 42.7%), imprecision (33, 28.2%), and risk of bias (24, 20.5%). In contrast, concentration-response gradient (26, 65.0%) was the main upgrade factor. CONCLUSION GRADE is not widely used in SR/MAs of health effects on pollutants and extreme temperatures. The certainty of evidence is generally low, mainly because of the serious inconsistency or imprecision. Use of the GRADE in SR/MAs of health effects on pollutants and extreme temperatures should strengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Song
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China; McMaster Health Forum, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiali Peng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunze Han
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xufei Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Ge
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine & Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China.
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8
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Nieckarz Z, Pawlak K, Baran A, Wieczorek J, Grzyb J, Plata P. The concentration of particulate matter in the barn air and its influence on the content of heavy metals in milk. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10626. [PMID: 37391588 PMCID: PMC10313682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the components of smog, which is mainly the product of burning fossil fuels in residential buildings. These elements, introduced into the body of cattle by inhalation, may enter the milk. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of particulate pollution in the atmospheric air on the concentration of particulate matter in the air of a dairy cattle barn and on the content of selected heavy metals in milk from cows present in the building. Measurements were taken between November and April (148 measurement days). The calculations carried out showed a high correlation (RS = + 0.95) between the concentrations of particulates measured outside and inside the barn, which is indicative of a significant impact of the atmospheric air on the particulate pollution level of the livestock building. The number of days in excess of the daily standard for PM10 inside was 51. The conducted analysis of the chemical composition of the milk collected under high particulate pollution (February) showed that the permitted lead level had been exceeded-21.93 µg/kg (norm 20.00 µg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Nieckarz
- Department of Experimental Computer Physics, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlak
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Grzyb
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Plata
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Aleja Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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9
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Lin LZ, Chen JH, Yu YJ, Dong GH. Ambient air pollution and infant health: a narrative review. EBioMedicine 2023:104609. [PMID: 37169689 PMCID: PMC10363448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive evidence regarding the effects of ambient air pollution on child health is well documented, but limited review summarized their health effects during infancy. Symptoms or health conditions attributed to ambient air pollution in infancy could result in the progression of severe diseases during childhood. Here, we reviewed previous empirical epidemiological studies and/or reviews for evaluating the linkages between ambient air pollution and various infant outcomes including adverse birth outcomes, infant morbidity and mortality, early respiratory health, early allergic symptoms, early neurodevelopment, early infant growth and other relevant outcomes. Patterns of the associations varied by different pollutants (i.e., particles and gaseous pollutants), exposure periods (i.e., pregnancy and postpartum) and exposure lengths (i.e., long-term and short-term). Protection of infant health requires that paediatricians, researchers, and policy makers understand to what extent infants are affected by ambient air pollution, and a call for action is still necessary to reduce ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Hui Chen
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; High-Tech Research and Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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10
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Milani GP, Cafora M, Favero C, Luganini A, Carugno M, Lenzi E, Pistocchi A, Pinatel E, Pariota L, Ferrari L, Bollati V. PM 2 .5, PM 10 and bronchiolitis severity: A cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13853. [PMID: 36282132 PMCID: PMC9827836 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies suggest that particulate matter (PM) exposure might play a role in bronchiolitis. However, available data are mostly focused on the risk of hospitalization and come from retrospective studies that provided conflicting results. This prospective study investigated the association between PM (PM2.5 and PM10 ) exposure and the severity of bronchiolitis. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2019 and February 2020 at the pediatric emergency department of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Infants <1 year of age with bronchiolitis were eligible. The bronchiolitis severity score was assessed in each infant and a nasal swab was collected to detect respiratory viruses. The daily PM10 and PM2.5 exposure in the 29 preceding days were considered. Adjusted regression models were employed to evaluate the association between the severity score and PM10 and PM2.5 exposure. RESULTS A positive association between the PM2.5 levels and the severity score was found at day-2 (β 0.0214, 95% CI 0.0011-0.0417, p = .0386), day-5 (β 0.0313, 95% CI 0.0054-0.0572, p = .0179), day-14 (β 0.0284, 95% CI 0.0078-0.0490, p = .0069), day-15 (β 0.0496, 95% CI 0.0242-0.0750, p = .0001) and day-16 (β 0.0327, 95% CI 0.0080-0.0574, p = .0093).Similar figures were observed considering the PM10 exposure and limiting the analyses to infants with respiratory syncytial virus. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time a direct association between PM2.5 and PM10 levels and the severity of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio P Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cafora
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Science and System Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Lenzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Pinatel
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Pariota
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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11
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De Matteis S, Forastiere F, Baldacci S, Maio S, Tagliaferro S, Fasola S, Cilluffo G, La Grutta S, Viegi G. Issue 1 - “Update on adverse respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution”. Part 1): Outdoor air pollution and respiratory diseases: A general update and an Italian perspective. Pulmonology 2022; 28:284-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Ortega-García JA, Martínez-Hernández I, Boldo E, Cárceles-Álvarez A, Solano-Navarro C, Ramis R, Aguilar-Ros E, Sánchez-Solis M, López-Hernández F. Urban air pollution and hospital admissions for asthma and acute respiratory disease in Murcia city (Spain). An Pediatr (Barc) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Pawlak K, Nieckarz Z. The impact of smog on the concentration of particulate matter in the antelope house in the Silesian zoological garden. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9191. [PMID: 32523811 PMCID: PMC7261478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent negligence in the field of environmental protection in Poland as well as strong dependance of the energy sector on the fossil fuels have led to serious pollution of the air with particulate matter, which at high concentrations is capable of penetrating into the buildings. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of particulate airborne pollution on the concentration of particulate matter inside the antelope house in the Silesian Zoological Garden located within the Upper Silesia in Poland. The research was conducted from February to May in 2018. The records taken in the research period show that the concentration of PM10 exceeded the level of 50 µg/m3 outside the building during 26 days and 11 days when it comes to the concentration of particulate matter inside the antelope house. The quantity of particulate matter in the antelope house is strongly correlated with the concentration of the particles in the air. Despite fitting existing ventilation system with a filter that reduces the dust level by 60% during the highest level of smog, particulate matter concentration in the antelope house exceeded acceptable limit for PM10 more than twofold. Particle size-fraction analysis revealed that as much as 85% of the particles detected in the studied compartment constitute PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pawlak
- Agricultural University of Cracow, Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science; Cracow, Poland
| | - Zenon Nieckarz
- Physical Education Academy in Cracow, Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Cracow, Poland.,Jagiellonian University Cracow, Experimental Computer Physics Department, Institute of Physics, Cracow, Poland
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14
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Esteban ME, Bote-González M, Alejandre C, Balaguer M, Jordan I. Influence of meteorological factors and air pollutants on severe bronchiolitis cases in the metropolitan area of Barcelona: A pilot study. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020; 92:229-231. [PMID: 32292801 PMCID: PMC7146835 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Esther Esteban
- Sección de Zoología y Antropología Biológica, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biològica (GREAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Bote-González
- Sección de Zoología y Antropología Biológica, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biològica (GREAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Alejandre
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Balaguer
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Ortega-García JA, Martínez-Hernández I, Boldo E, Cárceles-Álvarez A, Solano-Navarro C, Ramis R, Aguilar-Ros E, Sánchez-Solis M, López-Hernández F. [Urban air pollution and hospital admissions for asthma and acute respiratory disease in Murcia city (Spain)]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:95-102. [PMID: 32115374 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urban air pollution is a major threat to child and adolescent health. Children are more vulnerable to its effects, being associated with higher morbidity and mortality due to acute and chronic diseases, especially respiratory ones. A study is performed on the relationship between urban air pollution and the rate of hospital admissions due to acute respiratory diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS An ecological study was conducted on young people under 17 years-old in the city of Murcia, who had visited hospital emergency departments due to respiratory diseases (ICD-9) during 2015. A logistic regression was performed on the risk of hospital admission that included consultations in relation to the average daily levels of environmental pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10, SO2) obtained from the Air Quality Surveillance and Control network of the Region of Murcia. Other control variables, such as gender, age, average daily ambient temperature, and season of the year. RESULTS A total of 12,354 (56% boys and 44% girls) children consulted in the emergency department for respiratory disease. Of those, 3.5% were admitted, with a mean age of 2.54 (95% CI; 2.16-2.91) years. The odds ratio (OR) of hospital admission for respiratory diseases: NO2 1.02 (95% CI; 1.01-1.04; P<.01), O3 1.01 (95% CI; 1.00-1.03; P<.01) male 1.4 (95% CI 1.11-1.79; P<.01) and winter 2.10 (95% CI 1.40-3.21; P<.01). Admissions for asthma: PM10 1.02 (95% CI; 1.01-1.04; P<.05), O3 1.04 (95% CI; 1.01-1.06; P<.01). Admissions for bronchiolitis: Age 0.69 (95% CI; 0.48-0.99; P<.05); NO2 1.03 (95% CI; 1.01-1.05; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Urban air pollution increases hospital admissions in children due to acute respiratory diseases, especially asthma and bronchiolitis. Implementing preventive measures, expanding time series and collaborative studies with open data, would help improve public health and air quality in the cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ortega-García
- Comité de Salud Medioambiental, Asociación Española de Pediatría (AEP); Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
| | - Indra Martínez-Hernández
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Elena Boldo
- Unidad de Epidemiología Ambiental y del Cáncer, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto Cárceles-Álvarez
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Carmen Solano-Navarro
- Sección de Urgencias, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Unidad de Epidemiología Ambiental y del Cáncer, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP, Madrid, España
| | - Estefanía Aguilar-Ros
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Solis
- Sección de Neumología Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Fernando López-Hernández
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España
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16
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Nabizadeh R, Yousefian F, Moghadam VK, Hadei M. Characteristics of cohort studies of long-term exposure to PM 2.5: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30755-30771. [PMID: 31494855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all the cohort studies investigating the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and any health outcome until February 2018. We searched ISI Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed journal research articles published in English. We only extracted the results of the single-pollutant main analysis of each study, excluding the effect modifications and sensitivity analyses. Out of the initial 9523 articles, 203 articles were ultimately included for analysis. Based on the different characteristics of studies such as study design, outcome, exposure assessment method, and statistical model, we calculated the number and relative frequency of analyses with statistically significant and insignificant results. Most of the studies were prospective (84.8%), assessed both genders (66.5%), and focused on a specific age range (86.8%). Most of the articles (78.1%) had used modeling techniques for exposure assessment of cohorts' participants. Among the total of 317 health outcomes, the most investigated outcomes include mortality due to cardiovascular disease (6.19%), all causes (5.48%), lung cancer (4.00%), ischemic heart disease (3.50%), and non-accidental causes (3.50%). The percentage of analyses with statistically significant results were higher among studies that used prospective design, mortality as the outcome, fixed stations as exposure assessment method, hazard ratio as risk measure, and no covariate adjustment. We can somehow conclude that the choice of right characteristics for cohort studies can make a difference in their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Kazemi Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hadei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Esteban ME, Bote-González M, Alejandre C, Balaguer M, Jordan I. [Influence of meteorological factors and air pollutants on severe bronchiolitis cases in the metropolitan area of Barcelona: A pilot study]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 92:229-231. [PMID: 31227313 PMCID: PMC7129918 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Esther Esteban
- Sección de Zoología y Antropología Biológica, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biològica (GREAB), Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - María Bote-González
- Sección de Zoología y Antropología Biológica, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, Grup de Recerca en Antropologia Biològica (GREAB), Barcelona, España
| | - Carme Alejandre
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Mònica Balaguer
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
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