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Sato T, Oshi M, Huang JL, Chida K, Roy AM, Endo I, Takabe K. CD133 expression is associated with less DNA repair, better response to chemotherapy and survival in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4148608. [PMID: 38585981 PMCID: PMC10996805 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4148608/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose CD133, a cancer stem cells (CSC) marker, has been reported to be associated with treatment resistance and worse survival in triple-negative breast cancer (BC). However, the clinical relevance of CD133 expression in ER-positive/HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) BC, the most abundant subtype, remains unknown. Methods The BC cohorts from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC, n = 1904) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 1065) were used to obtain biological variables and gene expression data. Results Epithelial cells were the exclusive source of CD133 gene expression in a bulk BC. CD133-high ER+/HER2- BC was associated with CD24, NOTCH1, DLL1, and ALDH1A1 gene expressions, as well as with WNT/β-Catenin, Hedgehog, and Notchsignaling pathways, all characteristic for CSC. Consistent with a CSC phenotype, CD133-low BC was enriched with gene sets related to cell proliferation, such as G2M Checkpoint, MYC Targets V1, E2F Targets, and Ki67 gene expression. CD133-low BC was also linked with enrichment of genes related to DNA repair, such as BRCA1, E2F1, E2F4, CDK1/2. On the other hand, CD133-high tumors had proinflammatory microenvironment, higher activity of immune cells, and higher expression of genes related to inflammation and immune response. Finally, CD133-high tumors had better pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GSE25066 cohort and better disease-free survival and overall survival in both TCGA and METABRIC cohorts. Conclusion CD133-high ER+/HER2- BC was associated with CSC phenotype such as less cell proliferation and DNA repair, but also with enhanced inflammation, better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
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2
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Czeczko LEA, Ribas CAPM, Czeczko NG, Skare TL, Yamakawa CK, Gionedis G, Vasconcelos C, Bremer FP, Castoldi DF, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM. ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER? ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2021; 34:e1585. [PMID: 34669880 PMCID: PMC8521790 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC). Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas. Methods:
A total of 156 patients with UICC stage I-IV adenocarcinomas (n=122) and adenomas (n=34) were analyzed. Tissue microarrays (TMA) from primary tumors and polyps for CD133, c-MYC and AXL expression were performed and analyzed for their significance with clinicopathologic characteristics. Results:
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and disease progression were independent risk factors for poor overall survival. The median overall survival time was 30 months. Positive CD133 expression (35.9% of all cases), particularly of right-sided CRCs (44.8% of the CD133+ cases), was negatively correlated with death in the univariate analysis, which did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis. c-MYC (15.4% of all cases) was predominantly expressed in advanced-stage patients with distant (non-pulmonary/non-hepatic) metastasis. AXL expression was found only occasionally, and predominantly dominated in adenomas, with less penetrance in high-grade dysplasia. Conclusions:
CD133 expression was not associated with inferior overall survival in CRC. While AXL showed inconclusive results, c-MYC expression in primary CRCs was associated with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiola Pabst Bremer
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Diogo Francesco Castoldi
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Kopenhaver J, Crutcher M, Waldman SA, Snook AE. The shifting paradigm of colorectal cancer treatment: a look into emerging cancer stem cell-directed therapeutics to lead the charge toward complete remission. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1335-1345. [PMID: 33977849 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1929167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite advances in early detection, ~25% of patients are late stage, and treated patients have <12% chance of survival after five years. Tumor relapse and metastasis are the main causes of patient death. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare population of cancer cells characterized by properties of self-renewal, chemo- and radio-resistance, tumorigenicity, and high plasticity. These qualities make CSCs particularly important for metastasic seeding, DNA-damage resistance, and tumor repopulating.Areas Covered: The following review article focuses on the role of CRC-SCs in tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor relapse, as well as on potential therapeutic options for targeting CSCs.Expert Opinion: Current studies are underway to better isolate and discriminate CSCs from normal stem cells and to produce CSC-targeted therapeutics. The intestinal receptor, guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) could potentially provide a unique therapeutic target for both non-stem cells and CSCs alike in colorectal cancer through immunotherapies. Indeed, immunotherapies targeting CSCs have the potential to break the treatment-recurrence cycle in the management of advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Madison Crutcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
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Kim Y, Shin YJ, Wen X, Cho NY, Li M, Kim YJ, Song SH, Kang GH. Alteration in stemness causes exclusivity between Epstein-Barr virus-positivity and microsatellite instability status in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:602-610. [PMID: 33386473 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is due to the heterogeneous features of GC, which consist of a diverse molecular phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive GC and microsatellite instability (MSI)-high GC encompass similar epigenetic traits, including high levels of DNA methylation in CpG islands; however, EBV-positive and MSI-high GCs are mutually exclusive. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this exclusivity. METHODS We knocked out MLH1 in EBV-positive GC cell lines SNU-719 and NCC24 via CRISPR-Cas9, and evaluated the modified cellular properties in vitro and in vivo. The MSI status of each cell line was screened with two marker capillary electrophoresis, and further diagnosed with five marker capillary electrophoresis and parallel sequencing using 21 markers. RESULTS Initial evaluation showed that cell growth, migration, invasion, and MSI status were not affected by MLH1 silencing. However, with prolonged passage, GC cell lines gradually gained MSI and NCC24 cells were transformed to EBV-positive/MSI-high GC cells after 12 months. Furthermore, MLH1 silencing reduced tumor stemness in SNU-719 and NCC24 regardless of the MSI status in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EBV-positivity and MSI-high status are mutually exclusive due to the immediate disadvantage in tumor stemness when MLH1 is silenced, whereas the establishment of MSI-high status in EBV-positive GCs required a longer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Ihwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yun-Joo Shin
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xianyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Meihui Li
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Ihwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jee Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Ihwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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5
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Czeczko LEA, Ribas CAPM, Czeczko NG, Skare TL, Yamakawa CK, Gionedis G, Vasconcelos C, Bremer FP, Castoldi DF, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM. ARE STEM CELL MARKER EXPRESSION AND CD133 ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORECTAL CANCER? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 33:e1568. [PMID: 33759958 PMCID: PMC7983529 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200004e1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CD133 and AXL have been described as cancer stem cell markers, and c-MYC as a key regulatory cellular mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Aim: Evaluate the prognostic role of the biomarkers CD133, AXL and c-MYC and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomas.
Methods:
A total of 156 patients with UICC stage I-IV adenocarcinomas (n=122) and adenomas (n=34) were analyzed. Tissue microarrays (TMA) from primary tumors and polyps for CD133, c-MYC and AXL expression were performed and analyzed for their significance with clinicopathologic characteristics.
Results:
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and disease progression were independent risk factors for poor overall survival. The median overall survival time was 30 months. Positive CD133 expression (35.9% of all cases), particularly of right-sided CRCs (44.8% of the CD133+ cases), was negatively correlated with death in the univariate analysis, which did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis. c-MYC (15.4% of all cases) was predominantly expressed in advanced-stage patients with distant (non-pulmonary/non-hepatic) metastasis. AXL expression was found only occasionally, and predominantly dominated in adenomas, with less penetrance in high-grade dysplasia.
Conclusions:
CD133 expression was not associated with inferior overall survival in CRC. While AXL showed inconclusive results, c-MYC expression in primary CRCs was associated with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiola Pabst Bremer
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Diogo Francesco Castoldi
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,University Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Renal Division, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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Park YY, An CH, Oh ST, Chang ED, Lee J. Expression of CD133 is associated with poor prognosis in stage II colorectal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16709. [PMID: 31393377 PMCID: PMC6708874 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CD133 is currently believed to be one of the best colorectal cancer stem cell markers. This study aimed to evaluate prognostic significance of CD133 expression in colorectal cancer patients.A total of 303 patients with stage I to III colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgical resection from 2003 to 2008 at a single institution were included. CD133 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining, and clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were dichotomized after scoring CD133 expression (0 to 2+: low CD133 expression vs 3+ to 4+: high CD133 expression) according to the extent of area of CD133 positive tumor cells (<50% vs ≥50%) and pattern of staining (membranous staining of the luminal surface and/or staining of cellular debris in the tumor glands and cytoplasm).The 5-year overall survival (OS) (61.9% vs 80.2%, P = .001) and disease-free survival (64.8% vs 75.8%, P = .026) were poorer in the high CD133 expression group than the low CD133 expression group. In the multivariate analysis for risk factors of OS in the whole population, higher nodal stage (N2 compared to N0: hazard ratio [HR] 3.141; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.718-5.744, P < .001), perineural invasion (HR 2.262; 95% CI 1.347-3.798, P = .002) and high CD133 expression (HR 1.929; 95% CI 1.221-3.048, P = .005) were independent poor prognostic factors of OS. Subgroup analyses according to each TNM stage revealed that CD133 expression was associated with OS only within the stage II patients (HR 3.167 95% CI 1.221-8.216, P = .018). Furthermore, the stage II patients demonstrating the high CD133 expression showed survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, regardless of high-risk feature positivity (HR 0.201 95% CI 0.054-0.750, P = .017).High CD133 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after radical resection. The CD133 expression may serve as a more potent and informative biomarker for prognosis than conventional high-risk features in the stage II colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eun Deock Chang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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