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Tertipi N, Sfyri E, Kefala V, Rallis E. Prevalence of sunscreen use and sunburn in Greek athletes: a cross-sectional study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:496-503. [PMID: 38385636 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes participating in outdoor sports are in a high-risk category for prolonged sun exposure. This study investigates whether swimmers and beach volleyball athletes adopt appropriate measures to protect their skin from the sun. Sunscreens play a key role in protecting the skin from solar radiation and preventing premature aging. The study assesses the frequency of sunscreen use and the incidence of sunburn among athletes. METHODS Athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their sun protection and exposure habits. Participants aged 9 to 60 years, engaged in swimming (N.=1047) and beach volleyball (N.=785), were included in this study. RESULTS In the group of swimmers (N.=858), a notable percentage never used sunscreen, and among those who did, (N.=137), natural products were predominantly applied. Gender differences revealed a significantly higher sunscreen usage (P<0.001) among female swimmers compared to males. Among beach volleyball athletes, sunscreen use was notably higher (90%), with 55.6% applying natural sunscreen and 44.4% opting for non-natural alternatives. Regarding the incidence of sunburn, the occurrence among both male and female swimmers was observed to be very low. Among those with sunburn, females exhibited a significantly higher frequency than males (P<0.001). Conversely, in beach volleyball athletes, sunburn affected a higher percentage of males (49.8%) than females (43.9%). CONCLUSIONS Sunscreen utilization is notably insufficient among athletes, reflecting a limited awareness of the potential risks associated with sun exposure, even though they frequently suffer from sunburn. This heightened susceptibility places them at an increased risk of developing skin lesions. Initiating and disseminating awareness campaigns that specifically emphasize the importance of sunscreen use within the outdoor sports community is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tertipi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece -
| | - Eleni Sfyri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kefala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Rallis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Ai S, Zhou H, Wang C, Qian ZM, McMillin SE, Huang C, Zhang T, Xu L, Li Z, Lin H. Effect and attributable burden of hot extremes on bacillary dysentery in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155028. [PMID: 35390371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High atmospheric temperature has been associated with the occurrence of bacillary dysentery (BD). Recent studies have suggested that hot extremes may influence health outcomes, however, none have examined the association between hot extremes and BD risk, especially at the national level. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect and attributable burden of hot extremes on BD cases and to identify populations at high risk of BD. METHODS Daily incident BD data of 31 provincial capital cities from 2010 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, weather data was obtained from the fifth generation of the European Re-Analysis Dataset. Three types of hot extremes, including hot day, hot night, and hot day and night, were defined according to single or sequential occurrence of daytime hot and nighttime hot within 24 h. A two-stage analytical strategy combined with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) was used to evaluate city-specific associations and national pooled estimates. RESULTS Hot extremes were significantly associated with the risk of BD on lagged 1-6 days. The overall cumulative relative risk (RR) was 1.136 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.022, 1.263] for hot day, 1.181 (95% CI: 1.019, 1.369) for hot night, and 1.154 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.283) for hot day and night. Northern residents, females, and children younger than or equal to 14 years old were vulnerable under hot night, southern residents were vulnerable under hot day, and males were vulnerable under hot day and night. 1.854% (95% CI: 1.294%, 2.205%) of BD cases can be attributable to hot extremes, among which, hot night accounted for a large proportion. CONCLUSIONS Hot extremes may significantly increase the incidence risk and disease burden of BD. Type-specific protective measures should be taken to reduce the risk of BD, especially in those we found to be particularly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Changke Wang
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States of America
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tuantuan Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Lianlian Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Fernandez-Quiroz EL, Gonzales-Chachapoyas L, Alcantara-Diaz AL, Bulnes-Villalta B, Ayala-Porras Z, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Sunburns among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru: frequency and factors associated. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11473. [PMID: 34178442 PMCID: PMC8197030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has increased skin cancer incidence and the risk of sunburns, especially during the summer months. Objective Identify the frequency and factors associated with sunburns in a sample of beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of a previous study that assessed the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers. We included adults between 18 and 59 years who went to a beach in northern Peru during summer (March 2018). Three generalized linear models of the Poisson family were constructed to evaluate the factors associated with having had at least one sunburn last summer. All regression models reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Of a total of 402 participants, 225 (56.0%) had one to five sunburns and 25 (6.2%) had six or more. Beachgoers who were 1–15 days (aPR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05–1.27]) or more than 15 days (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI [1.09–1.36]) exposed to the sun on the beach had a higher frequency of at least one sunburn. The non-regular wearing of a hat or cap also increased the frequency of sunburns (aPR: 1.06, 95% CI [1.01–1.12]). In contrast, those who had Skin Phototype III (aPR: 0.94, 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) or IV (aPR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.63–0.75]) had a lower frequency of sunburns. Conclusion Three out of five beachgoers had one or more sunburns in the last summer. The factors associated with a higher frequency were the time of sun exposure at the beach and the non-regular use of a hat or cap. Type III–IV skin phototypes were associated with a lower sunburn frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana L Fernandez-Quiroz
- Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo, Peru.,Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo - ASOCIEM USAT, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Lizeth Gonzales-Chachapoyas
- Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo, Peru.,Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo - ASOCIEM USAT, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Ana L Alcantara-Diaz
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas, Chiclayo, Peru.,Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Binz Bulnes-Villalta
- Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo, Peru.,Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo - ASOCIEM USAT, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Zulmy Ayala-Porras
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas, Chiclayo, Peru.,Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Carlos J Toro-Huamanchumo
- Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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De Castro-Maqueda G, Gutierrez-Manzanedo JV, Lagares-Franco C, Linares-Barrios M, de Troya-Martin M. Photoprotection practices, knowledge and sun-related skin damage in Spanish beach handball players. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7030. [PMID: 31249733 PMCID: PMC6587929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outdoor sports are a risk activity for skin cancer, especially if adequate sun protection measures are not used. The aim of this study is to examine the photoprotection habits of outdoor (beach) handball players, and to determine the relation between duration of sports practice, photoprotection behaviour and sun-related damage to the skin. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on a health survey of sun exposure and protection habits and practices conducted among beach handball players in southern Spain. This survey provided data for a descriptive and comparative analysis, by groups and gender, of photoprotection and skin self-examination practices. Results Among the whole sample, 76.9% had suffered at least one sunburn event during the last year. By groups, 73.97% of the older participants (Group I, University students) and 81.25% of the younger ones (Group II, youngers players) reported this outcome, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.003). With respect to photoprotection, 68.5% of the players in group I and 66.7% of those in group II used sun cream with a protection factor of 30 or higher, although 52.1% of group I and 35.4% of group II did not reapply it. As concerns self-examination, 94.5% of group I and 87.5% of group II had not examined their body for skin damage during the previous year. Medical examination revealed the presence of lentigines and freckles among many players, with no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Beach handball players are highly exposed to the effects of ultraviolet radiation and often take insufficient measures of sun protection. Programmes should be designed and implemented to raise awareness among adolescent and young adult sport competitors of the risks of skin cancer associated with their sports activity and to encourage them to improve their photoprotection and skin monitoring practices.
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