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Tsai CS, Wang JL, Liao YS, Fukushige M, Chiou CS, Ko WC. Shigellosis in Taiwan: An old enteric pathogen with changing epidemiology and increasing antimicrobial resistance. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023:S1684-1182(23)00206-2. [PMID: 37951802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
While the incidence of shigellosis has decreased in developed nations due to improved living conditions and healthcare systems, it remains prevalent in economically developing regions. In recent years, a resurgence of shigellosis has been observed in the United States, Europe, and Taiwan, primarily among men having sex with men and people living with human immunodeficiency virus, along with a rise in antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to review the historical epidemiological trends and drug resistance in shigellosis, with a focus on Taiwan. A comprehensive search was conducted using various databases and sources, including non-English literature in Japanese and Chinese. In developed countries, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri are the most common species, while Shigella dysenteriae infections are sporadic. In Taiwan, the classification and prevalence of Shigella species have evolved over time, with S. flexneri and S. sonnei being the predominant strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance and azithromycin non-susceptibility are the ongoing threat. In conclusion, shigellosis remains a significant global health concern, with recent increases in certain populations and antimicrobial resistance. Further research is necessary to understand the clinical significance and risk factors associated with asymptomatic carriers and to assess the impact of behavioral modifications and interventions in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shiang Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shu Liao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mizuho Fukushige
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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2
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Feng F, Ma Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Wang H, Shen J. Effects of temperature on incidence of bacillary dysentery in a temperate continental arid climate city in northwest China. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:4043-4056. [PMID: 36633752 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ambient temperature on health continues to draw more and more attention with the global warming. Bacillary dysentery (BD) is a major global environmental health issue and affected by temperature and other environmental variables. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of temperature on the incidence of BD from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011 in Jiayuguan, a temperate continental arid climate city in the Hexi Corridor of northwest China. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was performed to evaluate the lag effect of temperature on BD up to 30 days. Results showed the risk of BD increased with temperature significantly, especially after 8 °C. The maximum risk of BD was observed at extreme high temperature (29 °C). The effect of temperature on BD risk was significantly divided into short-term effect at lag 5 days and long-term effect at lag 30 days. Age ≤ 15 years were most affected by high temperature. The maximum cumulative risk for lag 30 days (25.8, 95% CIs: 11.8-50.1) was observed at 29 °C. Age ≤ 15 years and females showed short-term effect at lag 5 days and long-term effect at lag 30 days, while age > 15 years and males showed acute short-term effect at lag 0 and light long-term effect at lag 16 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Ni H, Zeng Q, Xu T, Xiao L, Yu X, Hu J, Li Y, Lin H, Guo P, Zhou H. The size of the susceptible pool differentiates climate effects on seasonal epidemics of bacillary dysentery. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160553. [PMID: 36455742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At present, some studies have pointed out several possible climate drivers of bacillary dysentery. However, there is a complex nonlinear interaction between climate drivers and susceptible population in the spread of diseases, which makes it challenging to detect climate drivers at the size of susceptible population. METHODS By using empirical dynamic modeling (EDM), the climate drivers of bacillary dysentery dynamic were explored in China's five temperature zones. RESULTS We verified the availability of climate drivers and susceptible population size on bacillary dysentery, and used this information for bacillary dysentery dynamic prediction. Moreover, we found that their respective effects increased with the increase of temperature and relative humidity, and their states (temperature and relative humidity) were different when they reached their maximum effects, and the negative effect between the effect of temperature and disease incidence increased with the change of temperature zone (from temperate zone to warm temperate zone to subtropical zone) and the climate driving effect of the temperate zone (warm temperate zone) was greater than that of the colder (temperate zone) and warmer (subtropics) zones. When we viewed from single temperature zone, the climatic effect arose only when the size of the susceptible pool was large. CONCLUSIONS These results provide empirical evidence that the climate factors on bacillary dysentery are nonlinear, complex but dependent on the size of susceptible populations and different climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Ni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qinghui Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lina Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jinrui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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Huq AFMA, Biswas SK, Sheam MM, Syed SB, Elahi MT, Tang SS, Rahman MM, Roy AK, Paul DK. Identification and antibiotic pattern analysis of bacillary dysentery causing bacteria isolated from stool samples of infected patients. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:873-885. [PMID: 36573069 PMCID: PMC9769483 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery and a severe form of shigellosis. This dysentery is usually restricted to Shigella infection, but Salmonella enterica and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are also known as this infection's causative agents. The emergence of drug-resistant, bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens is a global burden, especially for developing countries with poor hygienic environments. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the drug-resistant pattern of bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens from the stool samples of the Kushtia region in Bangladesh. Hence, biochemical tests, serotyping, molecular identification, and antibiotic profiling were performed to characterize the pathogens. Among one hundred fifty (150) stool samples, 18 enteric bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified, where 12 were Shigella strains, 5 were S. enterica sub spp. enterica strains and one was the E.coli strain. Among 12 Shigella isolates, 8 were Shigella flexneri 2a serotypes, and 4 were Shigella sonnei Phage-II serotypes. Except for three Salmonella strains, all isolated strains were drug-resistant (83%), whereas 50% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), an alarming issue for public health. In antibiotic-wise analysis, the isolated pathogens showed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (77.78%), followed by tetracycline (38.89%), kanamycin (38.89%), amoxicillin (27.78%), streptomycin (27.78%), cefepime (22.22%), ceftriaxone (22.22%), ampicillin (16.67%), ciprofloxacin (16.67%), and chloramphenicol (16.67%). The existence of MDR organisms that cause bacillary dysentery in the Kushtia area would warn the public to be more health conscious, and physicians would administer medications cautiously. The gradual growth of MDR pathogenic microorganisms needs immediate attention, and the discovery of effective medications must take precedence. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Fazel Mohammad Aminul Huq
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moinuddin Sheam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Shifath Bin Syed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Mohammad Toufiq Elahi
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Swee-Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, 6205 Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
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Ai S, Zhou H, Wang C, Qian ZM, McMillin SE, Huang C, Zhang T, Xu L, Li Z, Lin H. Effect and attributable burden of hot extremes on bacillary dysentery in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 832:155028. [PMID: 35390371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High atmospheric temperature has been associated with the occurrence of bacillary dysentery (BD). Recent studies have suggested that hot extremes may influence health outcomes, however, none have examined the association between hot extremes and BD risk, especially at the national level. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect and attributable burden of hot extremes on BD cases and to identify populations at high risk of BD. METHODS Daily incident BD data of 31 provincial capital cities from 2010 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, weather data was obtained from the fifth generation of the European Re-Analysis Dataset. Three types of hot extremes, including hot day, hot night, and hot day and night, were defined according to single or sequential occurrence of daytime hot and nighttime hot within 24 h. A two-stage analytical strategy combined with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) was used to evaluate city-specific associations and national pooled estimates. RESULTS Hot extremes were significantly associated with the risk of BD on lagged 1-6 days. The overall cumulative relative risk (RR) was 1.136 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.022, 1.263] for hot day, 1.181 (95% CI: 1.019, 1.369) for hot night, and 1.154 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.283) for hot day and night. Northern residents, females, and children younger than or equal to 14 years old were vulnerable under hot night, southern residents were vulnerable under hot day, and males were vulnerable under hot day and night. 1.854% (95% CI: 1.294%, 2.205%) of BD cases can be attributable to hot extremes, among which, hot night accounted for a large proportion. CONCLUSIONS Hot extremes may significantly increase the incidence risk and disease burden of BD. Type-specific protective measures should be taken to reduce the risk of BD, especially in those we found to be particularly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Changke Wang
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States of America
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States of America
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tuantuan Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Lianlian Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Tsai CS, Lin KY, Liou BH, Chiou CS, Lin YC, Lee YT, Yang CJ, Tang HJ, Liao YS, Liu CE, Lee CH, Lu PL, Huang SH, Hung CC, Ko WC. Changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Taiwan, 2010-2019: an emerging threat to HIV-infected patients and men who have sex with men. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:498-506. [PMID: 35045788 PMCID: PMC8855726 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2031309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Shigellosis appears to increase in certain at-risk populations in developed countries. Based on the nationwide surveillance, the annual incidence of shigellosis in Taiwan (1999-2019) was 0.38-5.77 cases per 100,000 people. Indigenous shigellosis has mostly affected men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV (PLWH) since 2015. In this retrospective study, compared with those diagnosed before 2015, indigenous cases diagnosed during 2015-2019 mostly occurred in male adults (96.0% vs 47.1%, P < 0.001), with a longer hospital stay (median 5.0 vs 3.5 days, P = 0.029) and different coinfections. The predominant strains in 2015 and 2016 were ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei and azithromycin non-susceptible Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) 3a, which had been replaced by ciprofloxacin-resistant S. flexneri 2a since 2018. Notably, six indigenous cases were caused by cefotaxime-resistant S. flexneri. Inappropriate use of empiric antibiotic treatment was common. In conclusion, there is an ongoing spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigellosis among PLWH and MSM and cefotaxime-resistant S. flexneri is an emerging threat in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shiang Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Huang Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Centre for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ti Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Sciences, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shu Liao
- Centre for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Eng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Zhao R, Gao Q, Hao Q, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang B. The exposure-response association between humidex and bacillary dysentery: A two-stage time series analysis of 316 cities in mainland China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:148840. [PMID: 34303970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported the interactive effects between relative humidity and temperature on infectious diseases. However, evidence regarding the combined effects of relative humidity and temperature on bacillary dysentery (BD) is limited, especially for large-scale studies. To address this research need, humidex was utilized as a comprehensive index of relative humidity and temperature. We aimed to estimate the effect of humidex on BD across mainland China, evaluate its heterogeneity, and identify potential effect modifiers. METHODS Daily meteorological and BD surveillance data from 2014 to 2016 were obtained for 316 prefecture-level cities in mainland China. Humidex was calculated on the basis of relative humidity and temperature. A multicity, two-stage time series analysis was then performed. In the first stage, a common distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was established to obtain city-specific estimates. In the second stage, a multivariate meta-analysis was conducted to pool these estimates, assess the significance of heterogeneity, and explore potential effect modifiers. RESULTS The pooled cumulative estimates showed that humidex could promote the transmission of BD. The exposure-response relationship was nearly linear, with a maximum cumulative relative risk (RR) of 1.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-1.63] at a humidex value of 40.94. High humidex had an acute adverse effect on BD. The humidex-BD relationship could be modified by latitude, urbanization rate, the natural growth rate of population, and the number of primary school students per thousand persons. CONCLUSIONS High humidex could increase the risk of BD incidence. Thus, it is suitable to incorporate humidex as a predictor into the early warning system of BD and to inform the general public in advance to be cautious when humidex is high. This is especially true for regions with higher latitude, higher urbanization rates, lower natural growth rates of population, and lower numbers of primary school students per thousand persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang L, Xu C, Xiao G, Qiao J, Zhang C. Spatial heterogeneity of bacillary dysentery and the impact of temperature in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1919-1927. [PMID: 34050434 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the incidence of bacillary dysentery is closely related to meteorological factors. However, the impact of temperature and the spatial heterogeneity of the disease in regions of unbalanced socioeconomic development remains unclear. Therefore, this research collected data for 29,639 daily bacillary dysentery cases in children under 5 years of age, as well as the meteorological variables from China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, to analyze the spatial pattern of bacillary dysentery and reveal its nonlinear association with temperature. The SatScan method was employed first, to detect the spatial heterogeneity of the disease risk, and then the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to analyze the relationships between the daily minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures and bacillary dysentery in the stratified heterogeneous regions. The results indicated that bacillary dysentery incidence presented statistically significant spatial heterogeneity. The area of highest risk was found to be Beijing and its neighboring regions, which have high population densities. There was also a positive association between bacillary dysentery and temperature. Hotter temperatures were accompanied by higher relative risks. In the most likely spatial cluster region, the excess risk (ER) values for a 1°C rise in minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures above the median were 4.65%, 11.30%, and 19.21%, respectively. The effect of temperature on bacillary dysentery peaked at a lag of 3 to 4 days. The findings of this study will aid risk assessments and early warning systems for bacillary dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gexin Xiao
- National Institute of Hospital Administration, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jiajun Qiao
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Kang D, Sun W, Yang C, Wei R. Spatio-temporal analysis of bacillary dysentery in Sichuan province, China, 2011-2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1033. [PMID: 34602058 PMCID: PMC8489051 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillary dysentery (BD) is a common infectious disease in China and causes enormous economic burdens. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of BD and to identify its possible hot spots and potentially high-risk areas in Sichuan province of China. Methods In this study, we collected monthly BD incidence reports of 181 counties in Sichuan province, China, from January 2011 to December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the epidemic characteristics of BD. Moran’s I index was applied to investigate the yearly patterns of the spatial distribution. And spatio-temporal scanning statistics with the spatial unit set as county and the temporal unit set as month were used to investigate the possible high-risk region. Meanwhile, the circular moving windows were also employed in the spatio-temporal scanning to scan the study areas. Results The annual incidence of BD ranged between 16.13/100,000 and 6.17/100,000 person-years from 2011 to 2019 in Sichuan. The majority of the cases were children aged 5 years or younger. For the descriptive statistics, a peak from May to October was observed in temporal analysis, the epidemics were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southwest of Sichuan in spatial analysis. After 2016, the scope of BD significantly narrowed and severe epidemic areas were relatively stable. For the spatial autocorrelation analysis, a high global autocorrelation was observed at the county level, and the high–high clusters mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest of Sichuan. For the spatio-temporal scanning, the spatiotemporal clusters of BD occurred every year from 2011 to 2019. The most likely cluster areas mainly distributed in the southwest and northwest of Sichuan at the beginning, and then gradually concentrated in the southwest. The secondary cluster mainly concentrated in the northwest and its surrounding areas. Moreover, the 2nd secondary cluster was relatively small and mainly distributed in the central area. No clusters were noted in eastern Sichuan. Conclusions Based on our current analysis, BD is still a common challenge in Sichuan, especially for counties in the southwest and northwest in summer and autumn. More disease prevention and control measures should be taken in such higher-risk susceptible areas at a certain time to allocate the public health resources rationally, and finally reduce the spread of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dianju Kang
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Rongjie Wei
- Department of Emergency Management, Sichuan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Xin X, Jia J, Hu X, Han Y, Liang J, Jiang F. Association between floods and the risk of dysentery in China: a meta-analysis. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1245-1253. [PMID: 33660029 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The association between floods and the risk of dysentery remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify this relationship. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of science, and Embase for relevant articles published up to November 2019. Random-effects model was used to pool relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. The sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the stability of the results. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's test. Eleven studies from 10 articles evaluated the association between floods and the risk of dysentery in China. The pooled RR (95% CI) of dysentery for the flooded time versus non-flooded period was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14-1.91). Significant association was found in subgroup analysis stratified by dysentery styles [dysentery: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.34-1.93) and bacillary dysentery: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.06-2.01)]. The pooled RR (95%CI) of sensitivity analysis for dysentery was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05-1.52). No significant publication bias was found in our meta-analysis. This meta-analysis confirms that floods have significantly increased the risk of dysentery in China. Our findings will provide more evidence to reduce negative health outcomes of floods in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Xin
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Han
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Liang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fachun Jiang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, No.175 Shandong Road, Qingdao City, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Li M, Li Z, Chai R, Dong X, Xu H, Wang J, Yao L, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Yao Y. Effect of temperature and its interaction with other meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery in Jilin Province, China. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e121. [PMID: 33883047 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial dysentery (BD) brings a major disease burden to developing countries. Exploring the influence of temperature and its interaction with other meteorological factors on BD is significant for the prevention and early warning of BD in the context of climate change. Daily BD cases and meteorological data from 2008 to 2018 were collected in all nine prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province. A one-stage province-level model and a two-stage city-specific multivariate meta-pooled level distributed lag non-linear model were established to explore the correlation between temperature and BD, then the weather-stratified generalised additive model was used to test the interaction. During the study period, a total of 26 971 cases of BD were developed. The one-stage and two-stage cumulative dose-response ‘J’ curves overlapped, and results showed a positive correlation between temperature and BD with a 1–6 days lag effect. Age group ⩾5 years was found to be more sensitive to the effects. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between temperature, humidity and precipitation (P = 0.004, 0.002, respectively) on BD under high temperature (>0 °C), reminding residents and policymakers to pay attention to the prevention of BD in situations with both high temperature and humidity, high temperature and precipitation during the temperate monsoon climate.
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Ma Y, Wen T, Xing D, Zhang Y. Associations between floods and bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing, China, 2005-2016: a retrospective study. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:49. [PMID: 33874880 PMCID: PMC8056597 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the association between floods and bacillary dysentery (BD) incidence is necessary for us to assess the health risk of extreme weather events. This study aims at exploring the association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases in main urban areas of Chongqing between 2005 and 2016 as well as evaluating the attributable risk from floods. Methods The association between floods and daily bacillary dysentery cases was evaluated by using distributed lag non-linear model, controlling for meteorological factors, long-term trend, seasonality, and day of week. The fraction and number of bacillary dysentery cases attributable to floods was calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the association across age, gender, and occupation. Results After controlling the impact of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, long-term trend, and seasonality, a significant lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery cases was found at 0-day, 3-day, and 4-day lag, and the cumulative relative risk (CRR) over a 7-lag day period was 1.393 (95%CI 1.216–1.596). Male had higher risk than female. People under 5 years old and people aged 15–64 years old had significantly higher risk. Students, workers, and children had significantly higher risk. During the study period, based on 7-lag days, the attributable fraction of bacillary dysentery cases due to floods was 1.10% and the attributable number was 497 persons. Conclusions This study confirms that floods can increase the risk of bacillary dysentery incidence in main urban areas of Chongqing within an accurate time scale, the risk of bacillary dysentery caused by floods is still serious. The key population includes male, people under 5 years old, students, workers, and children. Considering the lag effect of floods on bacillary dysentery, the government and public health emergency departments should advance to the emergency health response in order to minimize the potential risk of floods on public. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-00971-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tong Wen
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dianguo Xing
- Office of Health Emergency, Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, No.6, Qilong Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Wang S, Liu Z, Tong M, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Lu L, Jiang B, Bi P. Real-time forecasting and early warning of bacillary dysentery activity in four meteorological and geographic divisions in China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 761:144093. [PMID: 33360132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and timely forecasts of bacillary dysentery (BD) incidence can be used to inform public health decision-making and response preparedness. However, our ability to detect BD dynamics and outbreaks remains limited in China. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the impacts of meteorological factors on BD transmission in four representative regions in China and to forecast weekly number of BD cases and outbreaks. METHODS Weekly BD and meteorological data from 2014 to 2016 were collected for Beijing (Northern China), Shenyang (Northeast China), Chongqing (Southwest China) and Shenzhen (Southern China). A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was conducted to assess the impacts of meteorological factors on BD transmission. Then a real-time forecast and early warning model based on BRT was developed to track the dynamics of BD and detect the outbreaks. The forecasting methodology was compared with generalized additive model (GAM) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA) that have been used to model the BD case data previously. RESULTS Ambient temperature was the most important meteorological factor contributing to the transmission of BD (80.81%-92.60%). A positive effect of temperature was observed when weekly mean temperature exceeded 4 °C, -3 °C, 9 °C and 16 °C in Beijing (Northern China), Shenyang (Northeast China), Chongqing (Southwest China) and Shenzhen (Southern China), respectively. BD incidence (Beijing and Shenyang) in temperate cities was more sensitive to high temperature than that in subtropical cities (Chongqing and Shenzhen). The dynamics and outbreaks of BD can be accurately forecasted and detected by the BRT model. Compared to GAM and SARIMA, BRT model showed more accurate forecasting for 1-, 2-, 3-weeks ahead forecasts in Beijing, Shenyang and Shenzhen. CONCLUSIONS Temperature plays the most important role in weather-attributable BD transmission. The BRT model achieved a better performance in comparison with GAM and SARIMA in most study cities, which could be used as a more accurate tool for forecasting and outbreak alert of BD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Michael Tong
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350121, Fujian, China; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhang X, Gu X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Xu C, Cheng C. Spatiotemporal variations in the incidence of bacillary dysentery and long-term effects associated with meteorological and socioeconomic factors in China from 2013 to 2017. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142626. [PMID: 33039932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillary dysentery is a global public health problem that exhibits manifest spatiotemporal heterogeneity. However, long-term variations and regional determinant factors remain unclear. In this study, the Bayesian space-time hierarchy model was used to identify the long-term spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the incidence of bacillary dysentery and quantify the associations of meteorological factors with the incidence of bacillary dysentery in northern and southern China from 2013 to 2017. GeoDetector was used to quantify the determinant powers of socioeconomic factors in the two regions. The results showed that the incidence of bacillary dysentery peaked in summer (June to August), indicating temporal seasonality. Geographically, the hot spots (high-risk areas) were distributed in northwestern China (Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia) and northern China (including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei), whereas the cold spots (low-risk areas) were concentrated in southeastern China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong). Moreover, significant regional differences were found among the meteorological and socioeconomic factors. Average temperature was the dominant meteorological factor in both northern and southern China. In northern and southern China, a 1 °C increase in the average temperature led to an increase of 1.01% and 4.26% in bacillary dysentery risk, respectively. The dominant socioeconomic factors in northern and southern China were per capita gross domestic product and the number of health technicians, with q statistic values of 0.81 and 0.49, respectively. These findings suggest that hot, moist, and overcrowded environments or poor health conditions increase the risk of bacillary dysentery. This study provides suggestions and serves as a basis for surveillance efforts. Further, the suggestions may aid in the control of bacillary dysentery and in the implementation of disease prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinchen Gu
- College of Water & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, KaiFeng 475001, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, KaiFeng 475001, China
| | - Yuke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhentao Huang
- College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Abstract
Dysentery has been a major illness for a long time in our country. During Korean war, bacillary dysentery was common illness as well as other infectious diseases such as typhus fever, and Shigella flexneri occupied more than 90% of the cases reported by UN forces. After the war, the Korean National Institute of Health began to monitor the disease as a legal communicable disease. The incidence of dysentery decreased gradually from 1960 through 1980s and consistently low until 1997, and common serotype has changed from S. flexneri to S. sonnei. However, a nationwide epidemic of dysentery occurred at 1998, peaking at 2,462 cases in 2000, and continued until 2004. Most cases were S. sonnei, but the proportion of S. flexneri existed changing with time. There were several major epidemic cases during the period, and the dysentery outbreaks in 1998 and 1999 were associated with nationwide school meal provision which began in 1998. According to the region, Juju island particularly showed a high incidence rate in the period. Since 2005, the nationwide dysentery epidemic was over and incidence of dysentery remained stably low. Recently, multi-drug resistant Shigella infection imported from Southeast Asia appeared, and it requires continuous monitoring and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Pai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Hao Y, Liao W, Ma W, Zhang J, Zhang N, Zhong S, Wang Z, Yang L, Huang C. Effects of ambient temperature on bacillary dysentery: A multi-city analysis in Anhui Province, China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 671:1206-1213. [PMID: 31186130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising ambient temperature is expected to increase incidence of bacillary dysentery (BD), but few studies have compared the temperature-BD effects of different age groups and cities in China, especially in a multi-city setting. OBJECTIVES We used city-specific data including BD cases and meteorological variables to determine the relationship between BD incidence and temperature at provincial level. METHODS Weekly BD disease surveillance data and meteorological variables were collected in all 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province of China. Firstly, city-specific weekly mean temperature-BD incidence associations were estimated with Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model (DLNM). Secondly, city-specific estimates were pooled at province-level through multivariate meta-analysis. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses for ages (children <5 years old and population of other ages) and urbanization of cities (high and low level), respectively. RESULTS In Anhui, BD morbidity risk increased with increasing weekly mean temperature. Relative risks (RR) at the 90th percentile (27.5 °C) versus the 50th percentile (17 °C) of weekly mean temperature were 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.75) and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.76, 2.32) for children <5 and population of other ages, respectively. The relative risk of high temperature on other ages group was higher than that of children under five years old (p = 0.006). Children under 5 in high urbanized cities appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects of ambient high temperature (RR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.92) than in low urbanized cities (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.46), the difference between two intervals was statistically significant (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that high temperatures may be an important trigger of BD incidence, and especially lead to a substantial burden of BD for high urbanized cities in Anhui Province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Hao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenmin Liao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanwan Ma
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Zhong
- Center for Chinese Public Administration Research, School of Government, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
| | - Lianping Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
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Tang SS, Biswas SK, Tan WS, Saha AK, Leo BF. Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella spp. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6225. [PMID: 30984476 PMCID: PMC6452847 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella-infected bacillary dysentery or commonly known as Shigellosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gradual emergence of multidrug resistant Shigella spp. has triggered the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phage therapy could be one such suitable alternative, given its proven long term safety profile as well as the rapid expansion of phage therapy research. To be successful, phage therapy will need an adequate regulatory framework, effective strategies, the proper selection of appropriate phages, early solutions to overcome phage therapy limitations, the implementation of safety protocols, and finally improved public awareness. To achieve all these criteria and successfully apply phage therapy against multidrug resistant shigellosis, a comprehensive study is required. In fact, a variety of phage-based approaches and products including single phages, phage cocktails, mutated phages, genetically engineered phages, and combinations of phages with antibiotics have already been carried out to test the applications of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella. This review provides a broad survey of phage treatments from past to present, focusing on the history, applications, limitations and effective solutions related to, as well as the prospects for, the use of phage therapy against multidrug resistant Shigella spp. and other multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Islamic University Kushtia, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ananda Kumar Saha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Bey-Fen Leo
- Central Unit for Advanced Research Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lao J, Zhang J, Wang H, Jiang B. Effect of ambient temperature and its effect modifiers on bacillary dysentery in Jinan, China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:2980-2986. [PMID: 30373074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about the modified effect among various meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery (BD) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ambient temperature and its effect modifiers on BD in Jinan. METHODS Daily data of BD cases and meteorological factors from 2005 to 2013 were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and BD. Then a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was developed to assess the lag and cumulative effect. Finally, the modified effect between temperature and other meteorological factors on BD was explored by the GAM and a weather-stratified model. RESULTS A total of 11,738 cases of BD were notified over the study period. The exposure-response relationship between temperature and BD was liner with a single threshold value of 0 °C. Results of DLNM showed that after temperature exceeds the threshold, each 5 °C rise in temperature caused a 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14-1.24) increase in the number of cases of BD at lag 0. The analysis of cumulative effects showed that each 5 °C rise in temperature can increase the number of cases by 61% (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.58-1.63) at lag 0-lag 7 days. The effect modification of the association between temperature and BD by humidity was observed in our study, while the modification by precipitation and wind speed were not statistically significant. The risk of BD was highest when temperature and humidity were both high. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that temperature is significantly associated with the risk of BD in the study area, and the effect can be modified by humidity. Public health professionals and medical service providers should pay more attention BD prevention and control when the weather condition of both high temperature and high humidity would occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiahui Lao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China..
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Jia L, Lyu B, Tian Y, Zhang X, Liu ZC, Peng H, Li HJ, Zhen BJ, Wang XL, Huang Y, Qu M, Wang QY. [Pathogenic surveillance and related factors on bacillary dysentery in Beijing, 2008-2017]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:165-169. [PMID: 30744266 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the pathogenic surveillance programs and related factors on bacillary dysentery in Beijing, 2008-2017, to provide evidence for the practices of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease. Methods: Analysis was conducted on surveillance data of bacillary dysentery, collected from the surveillance areas of national bacillary dysentery in Beijing. Shigella positive rate of stool samples were used as the gold standard while detection rate of Shigella, diagnostic accordance rate and resistance were computed on data from the surveillance programs. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates and unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of Shigella infection. Results: Both the reported incidence rate on bacillary dysentery and detection rate of Shigella in diarrhea patients showed significantly decreasing trend, from 2008 to 2017. The accordance rate of bacillary dysentery was only 7.80% (111/1 423). Shigella sonnei was the most frequently isolated strain (73.95%, 159/215) followed by Shigella flexnery. Results from the multivariate logistic regression of Shigella positive rate revealed that among those patients who were routine test of stool positive vs. routine test of stool positive (OR=1.863, 95%CI: 1.402-2.475), onset from July to October vs. other months'time (OR=7.271, 95%CI: 4.514-11.709) temperature ≥38 ℃vs. temperature <38 ℃(OR=4.516, 95%CI: 3.369-6.053) and age from 6 to 59 years old vs. other ages (OR=1.617, 95%CI: 1.085-2.410), presenting higher positive detection rates of Shigella from the stool tests. The resistant rates on ampicillin and nalidixic acid were 97.57% (201/206) and 94.90% (186/196), both higher than on other antibiotics. The resistant rates on ciprofloxacin (16.33%, 32/196), ofloxacin (9.57%, 11/115) and on amoxilin (15.05%, 31/206) were relatively low. The resistant rate appeared higher on Shigella flexnery than on Shigella sonnei. The proportion of strains with resistance on 3 more drugs, was 30.00%(21/70). Conclusions: The diagnostic accordance rate of bacillary dysentery in Beijing was low, with severe resistance of Shigella. Our findings suggested that clinicians should take multiple factors into account in their practices about epidemiological history, clinical symptom and testing results for diarrhea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y Tian
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - X Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Z C Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China
| | - H Peng
- Department of Microbiological Testing, Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China
| | - H J Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101100, China
| | - B J Zhen
- Department of Microbiological Testing, Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101100, China
| | - X L Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Y Huang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - M Qu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
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Du Z, Zhang J, Lu JX, Lu LP. [Association between distribution of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors in Beijing, 2004-2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2018; 39:656-660. [PMID: 29860812 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Beijing during 2004-2015 and evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of bacillary dysentery. Methods: The incidence data of bacterial dysentery and meteorological data in Beijing from 2004 to 2015 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to study the distribution characteristics of bacterial dysentery. Linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacillary dysentery and average precipitation, average air temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed, average air pressure, gale and rain days. Results: A total of 280 704 cases of bacterial dysentery, including 36 deaths, were reported from 2004 to 2015 in Beijing, the average annual incidence was 130.15/100 000. The annual incidence peak was mainly between May and October, the cases occurred during this period accounted for 80.75% of the total, and the incidence was highest in age group 0 year. The population distribution showed that most cases were children outside child care settings and students, and the sex ratio of the cases was 1.22∶1. The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery was positively associated with average precipitation, average air temperature and rain days with the correlation coefficients of 0.931, 0.878 and 0.888, but it was negatively associated with the average pressure, the correlation coefficient was -0.820. Multiple linear regression equation for fitting analysis of bacillary dysentery and meteorological factors was Y=3.792+0.162X(1). Conclusion: The reported incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing was much higher than national level. The annual incidence peak was during July to August, and the average precipitation was an important meteorological factor influencing the incidence of bacillary dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Du
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Hu X, Ding G, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Jiang B, Ni W. Assessment on the burden of bacillary dysentery associated with floods during 2005-2009 in Zhengzhou City, China, using a time-series analysis. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:500-506. [PMID: 29100875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to quantify the impact of few times floods on bacillary dysentery in Zhengzhou during 2005-2009. METHODS The Spearman correlation test was applied first to examine the lagged effects of floods on monthly morbidity of bacillary dysentery during 2005-2009 in Zhengzhou. We further quantified the effects of 7 flood events on the morbidity of bacillary dysentery using the time-series Poisson regression controlling for climatic factors, seasonality, gender and age groups. We estimated years lived with disability (YLDs) to estimate the burden of bacillary dysentery attributed to floods among different population groups. RESULTS A total of 15,841 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in the study region over the study period. The relative risks of floods on the morbidity of bacillary dysentery and attributable YLDs among the whole study population, males, females, below 14 years old group, 15-64 years old group, and over 65 years old group were 2.80, 3.13, 2.53, 2.75, 3.03, 2.48, and 1.206, 1.513, 0.913, 3.593, 0.638, 0.880, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to developing local strategies to prevent and reduce health impact of floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Municipal Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Qingdao, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Taian City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Puxblic Health, China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing City, PR China
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China; Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Zhang P, Zhang J, Chang ZR, Li ZJ. [Temporal-spatial analysis of bacillary dysentery in the Three Gorges Area of China, 2005-2016]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2018; 39:47-53. [PMID: 29374895 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery in Chongqing, Yichang and Enshi (the Three Gorges Area) from 2005 to 2016, and provide evidence for the disease prevention and control. Methods: The incidence data of bacillary dysentery in the Three Gorges Area during this period were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. The spatial-temporal scan statistic was conducted with software SaTScan 9.4 and bacillary dysentery clusters were visualized with software ArcGIS 10.3. Results: A total of 126 196 cases were reported in the Three Gorges Area during 2005-2016, with an average incidence rate of 29.67/100 000. The overall incidence was in a downward trend, with an average annual decline rate of 4.74%. Cases occurred all the year round but with an obvious seasonal increase between May and October. Among the reported cases, 44.71% (56 421/126 196) were children under 5-year-old, the cases in children outside child care settings accounted for 41.93% (52 918/126 196) of the total. The incidence rates in districts of Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nanan, Yubei, Chengkou of Chongqing and districts of Xiling and Wujiagang of Yichang city of Hubei province were high, ranging from 60.20/100 000 to 114.81/100 000. Spatial-temporal scan statistic for the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery during this period revealed that the temporal distribution was during May-October, and there were 12 class Ⅰ clusters, 35 class Ⅱ clusters, and 9 clusters without statistical significance in counties with high incidence. All the class Ⅰ clusters were in urban area of Chongqing (Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nanan, Beibei, Yubei, Banan) and surrounding counties, and the class Ⅱ clusters transformed from concentrated distribution to scattered distribution. Conclusions: Temporal and spatial cluster of bacillary dysentery incidence existed in the three gorges area during 2005-2016. It is necessary to strengthen the bacillary dysentery prevention and control in urban areas of Chongqing and Yichang.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhang H, Zhao KF, He RX, Zhao DS, Xie MY, Wang SS, Bai LJ, Cheng Q, Zhang YW, Su H. [Influence of humidex on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Hefei: a time-series study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2018; 38:1523-1527. [PMID: 29141342 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of humidex combined with mean temperature and relative humidity on the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Hefei. Methods: Daily counts of bacillary dysentery cases and weather data in Hefei were collected from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2013. Then, the humidex was calculated from temperature and relative humidity. A Poisson generalized linear regression combined with distributed lag non-linear model was applied to analyze the relationship between humidex and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, after adjusting for long-term and seasonal trends, day of week and other weather confounders. Stratified analyses by gender, age and address were also conducted. Results: The risk of bacillary dysentery increased with the rise of humidex. The adverse effect of high humidex (90 percentile of humidex) appeared in 2-days lag and it was the largest at 4-days lag (RR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.037-1.090). Subgroup analyses indicated that all groups were affected by high humidex at lag 2-5 days. Conclusion: High humidex could significantly increase the risk of bacillary dysentery, and the lagged effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - K F Zhao
- Office of Emergency Management, Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230061, China
| | - R X He
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D S Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - M Y Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - S S Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - L J Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Y W Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
| | - H Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, China
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Liu X, Liu Z, Ding G, Jiang B. Projected burden of disease for bacillary dysentery due to flood events in Guangxi, China. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:1298-1305. [PMID: 28605848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers have been studying the influence of floods on intestinal infection in recent years. This study aimed to project the future disease burden of bacillary dysentery associated with floods in Guangxi, China. Relying on the longitudinal data, a generalized additive mixed model was applied to quantify the relationship between the monthly morbidity of bacillary dysentery and floods with two severity levels from 2004 to 2010, controlling for other meteorological variables. Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) was used as the measure of the burden of bacillary dysentery in the future of Guangxi, China. According to the generalized additive mixed model, the relative risks (RR) of moderate and severe floods on the morbidity of bacillary dysentery were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03-1.33) and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.14-1.70), respectively. The regression analysis also indicated that the flood duration was negatively associated with the morbidity of bacillary dysentery (with RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.90). Considering the effects of floods only, compared with the YLDs in 2010, increasing flood events may lead to a 4.0% increase in the YLDs for bacillary dysentery by 2020, 2100, 0.0% by 2050, and an 8.0% increase by 2030 in Guangxi, if other factors remain constant. Considering all potential changes include floods, temperature and population size, the YLDs for bacillary dysentery may increase by up to 16.0% by 2020, 20.0% by 2030, 2050, and 0.0% by 2100, compared to that in 2010 under the moderate flood scenario; Under the severe flood scenario, the YLDs for bacillary dysentery may increase by up to 16.0% by 2020, 20.0% by 2030, 2050, and 4.0% by 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Xu C, Li Y, Wang J, Xiao G. Spatial-temporal detection of risk factors for bacillary dysentery in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, China. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:743. [PMID: 28946856 PMCID: PMC5613329 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillary dysentery is the third leading notifiable disease and remains a major public health concern in China. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban region is the biggest urban agglomeration in northern China, and it is one of the areas in the country that is most heavily infected with bacillary dysentery. The objective of the study was to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern and to determine any contributory risk factors on the bacillary dysentery. Methods Bacillary dysentery case data from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012 in Beijing–Tianjin– Hebei were employed. GeoDetector method was used to determine the impact of potential risk factors, and to identify regions and seasons at high risk of the disease. Results There were 36,472 cases of bacillary dysentery in 2012 in the study region. The incidence of bacillary dysentery varies widely amongst different age groups; the higher incidence of bacillary dysentery mainly occurs in the population under the age of five. Bacillary dysentery presents apparent seasonal variance, with the highest incidence occurring from June to September. In terms of the potential meteorological risk factors, mean temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, mean wind speed and sunshine hours explain the time variant of bacillary dysentery at 83%, 31%, 25%, 17% and 13%, respectively. The interactive effect between temperature and humidity has an explanatory power of 87%, indicating that a hot and humid environment is more likely to lead to the occurrence of bacillary dysentery. Socio-economic factors affect the spatial distribution of bacillary dysentery. The top four factors are age group, per capita GDP, population density and rural population proportion, and their determinant powers are 61%, 27%, 25% and 21%, respectively. The interactive effect between age group and the other factors accounts for more than 60% of bacillary dysentery transmission. Conclusions Bacillary dysentery poses a higher risk in the population of children. It is affected by meteorological and socio-economic factors, and it is necessary to pay more attention to the meteorological period and situation, particularly in period with high temperature and humidity, as well as places in urban areas with high population density, and a low proportion of rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gexin Xiao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Lee HS, Ha Hoang TT, Pham-Duc P, Lee M, Grace D, Phung DC, Thuc VM, Nguyen-Viet H. Seasonal and geographical distribution of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) and associated climate risk factors in Kon Tam Province in Vietnam from 1999 to 2013. Infect Dis Poverty 2017. [PMID: 28637484 PMCID: PMC5480122 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillary dysentery (BD) is an acute bacterial infection of the intestine caused by Shigella spp., with clinical symptoms ranging from fever to bloody diarrhoea to abdominal cramps to tenesmus. In Vietnam, enteric bacterial pathogens are an important cause of diarrhoea and most cases in children under 5 years of age are due to Shigella strains. The serogroups S. flexneri and S. sonnei are considered to be the most common. The main objective of this study was to, for the first time, assess the seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD in Vietnam, and to determine the climate risk factors associated with the incidence of BD in Kon Tum Province, where the highest rate of bacillary dysentery was observed from 1999 to 2013. Methods The seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD was assessed in Vietnam using a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess. In addition, negative binomial regression models were used to determine the climate risk factors associated with the incidence of BD in Kon Tum Province, from 1999 to 2013. Results Overall, incidence rates of BD have slightly decreased over time (except for an extremely high incidence in 2012 in the north of Vietnam). The central regions (north/south central coast and central highlands) had relatively high incidence rates, whereas the northwest/east and Red River Delta regions had low incidence rates. Overall, seasonal plots showed a high peak in the mid-rainy reason and a second smaller peak in the early or late rainy season. The incidence rates significantly increased between May and October (“wet season”) across the country. In Kon Tum Province, temperature, humidity, and precipitation were found to be positively associated with the incidence of BD. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into the seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD in Vietnam and its associated climate risk factors in Kon Tum Province. This study may help clinicians and the general public to better understand the timings of outbreaks and therefore equip them with the knowledge to plan better interventions (such as improving water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions) during peak seasons. This can, in turn, prevent or reduce outbreaks and onwards transmission during an outbreak. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0325-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - T T Ha Hoang
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Pham-Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mihye Lee
- Medical Microbiology Department, The Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | | | - Vu Minh Thuc
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Room 301-302, B1 Building, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the relationship between meteorological factors and bacillary dysentery incidence. DESIGN Ecological study. SETTING We collected bacillary dysentery incidences and meteorological data of Chaoyang city from the year 1981 to 2010. The climate in this city was a typical northern temperate continental monsoon. All meteorological factors in this study were divided into 4 latent factors: temperature, humidity, sunshine and airflow. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery. MATERIAL Incidences of bacillary dysentery were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang city, and meteorological data were collected from the Bureau of Meteorology in Chaoyang city. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The indexes including χ2, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) and goodness-of-fit index (GFI) were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the theoretical model to the data. The factor loads were used to explore quantitative relationship between bacillary dysentery incidences and meteorological factors. RESULTS The goodness-of-fit results of the model showing that RMSEA=0.08, GFI=0.84, CFI=0.88, SRMR=0.06 and the χ2 value is 231.95 (p=0.0) with 15 degrees of freedom. Temperature and humidity factors had positive correlations with incidence of bacillary dysentery, with the factor load of 0.59 and 0.78, respectively. Sunshine had a negative correlation with bacillary dysentery incidence, with a factor load of -0.15. CONCLUSIONS Humidity and temperature should be given greater consideration in bacillary dysentery prevention measures for northern temperate continental monsoon climates, such as that of Chaoyang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Faculty of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- Faculty of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Faculty of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Faculty of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang F, Ding G, Liu Z, Zhang C, Jiang B. Association between flood and the morbidity of bacillary dysentery in Zibo City, China: a symmetric bidirectional case-crossover study. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:1919-1924. [PMID: 27121465 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between daily morbidity of bacillary dysentery and flood in 2007 in Zibo City, China, using a symmetric bidirectional case-crossover study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) on the basis of multivariate model and stratified analysis at different lagged days were calculated to estimate the risk of flood on bacillary dysentery. A total of 902 notified bacillary dysentery cases were identified during the study period. The median of case distribution was 7-year-old and biased to children. Multivariable analysis showed that flood was associated with an increased risk of bacillary dysentery, with the largest OR of 1.849 (95 % CI 1.229-2.780) at 2-day lag. Gender-specific analysis showed that there was a significant association between flood and bacillary dysentery among males only (ORs >1 from lag 1 to lag 5), with the strongest lagged effect at 2-day lag (OR = 2.820, 95 % CI 1.629-4.881), and the result of age-specific indicated that youngsters had a slightly larger risk to develop flood-related bacillary dysentery than older people at one shorter lagged day (OR = 2.000, 95 % CI 1.128-3.546 in youngsters at lag 2; OR = 1.879, 95 % CI 1.069-3.305 in older people at lag 3). Our study has confirmed that there is a positive association between flood and the risk of bacillary dysentery in selected study area. Males and youngsters may be the vulnerable and high-risk populations to develop the flood-related bacillary dysentery. Results from this study will provide recommendations to make available strategies for government to deal with negative health outcomes due to floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, 271016, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Chang Z, Zhang J, Ran L, Sun J, Liu F, Luo L, Zeng L, Wang L, Li Z, Yu H, Liao Q. The changing epidemiology of bacillary dysentery and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in China from 2004-2014. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:685. [PMID: 27863468 PMCID: PMC5116132 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella is a significant public health problem in developing countries such as China. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern of bacillary dysentery, the diversity of the causative agent, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. for the purpose of determining the most effective allocation of resources and prioritization of interventions. Methods Surveillance data were acquired from the National Infectious Disease Information Reporting System (2004–2014) and from the sentinel hospital-based surveillance system (2005–2014). We analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of bacillary dysentery, age and sex distribution, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. Results The surveillance registry included over 3 million probable cases of bacillary dysentery during the period 2004–2014. The annual incidence rate of bacillary dysentery decreased from 38.03 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2004 to 11.24 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2014. The case-fatality rate decreased from 0.028% in 2004 to 0.003% in 2014. Children aged <1 year and 1–4 years were most affected, with higher incidence rates (228.59 cases per 100,000 person-years and 92.58 cases per 100,000 person-years respectively). The annual epidemic season occurred between June and September. A higher incidence rate of bacillary dysentery was found in the Northwest region, Beijing and Tianjin during the study period. Shigella flexneri was the most prevalent species that caused bacillary dysentery in China (63.86%), followed by Shigella sonnei (34.89%). Shigella isolates were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (89.13%), ampicillin (88.90%), tetracycline (88.43%), and sulfamethoxazole (82.92%). During the study period, isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime increased from 8.53 and 7.87% in 2005 to 44.65 and 29.94% in 2014, respectively. Conclusions The incidence rate of bacillary dysentery has undergone an obvious decrease from 2004 to 2014. Priority interventions should be delivered to populations in northwest China and to individuals aged <5 years. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella is a serious public health problem and it is important to consider the susceptibility profile of isolates before determining treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjia Zeng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Liao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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ZHANG F, LIU Z, GAO L, ZHANG C, JIANG B. Short-term impacts of floods on enteric infectious disease in Qingdao, China, 2005-2011. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:3278-3287. [PMID: 27312685 PMCID: PMC9150198 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the relationship between floods and the three enteric infectious diseases, namely bacillary dysentery (BD), hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and other infectious diarrhoea (OID) in Qingdao, China. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of floods on BD, HFMD and OID were calculated using a quasi-Poisson generalized linear model, adjusting for daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, and seasonal and long-term temporal trends. Two separate models within two different periods were designed. Model 1 for the summer period showed that floods were positively associated with BD for 4- to 12-day lags, with the greatest effects for 7-day (RR 1·41, 95% CI 1·22-1·62) and 11-day (RR 1·42, 95% CI 1·22-1·64) lags. Similar findings were found in model 2 for the whole study period for 5- to 12-day lags. However, HFMD and OID were not significantly associated with floods in both models. Results from this study will provide insight into the health risks associated with floods and may help inform public health precautionary measures for such disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. ZHANG
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Z. LIU
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - L. GAO
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - C. ZHANG
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - B. JIANG
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Centre, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Tang SS, Carlin NIA, Talukder KA, Cam PD, Verma NK. Shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtrIC gene cluster via a bacteriophage. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 27349637 PMCID: PMC4924310 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. Since its emergence in the late 1980s, the S. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. This article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtrIC gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition. Results A PCR of the gtrIC cluster showed that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins were genetically conserved. An analysis of sequences flanking the gtrIC cluster revealed remnants of a prophage genome, in particular integrase and tRNAPro genes. Meanwhile, Southern blot analyses on serotype 1c, 1a and 1b strains indicated that all the tested serotype 1c strains may have had a common origin that has since remained distinct from the closely related 1a and 1b serotypes. The identification of prophage genes upstream of the gtrIC cluster is consistent with the notion of bacteriophage-mediated integration of the gtrIC cluster into a pre-existing serotype. Conclusions This is the first study to show that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins share an identical pattern of genetic arrangement, suggesting that serotype 1c strains may have originated from a single parental strain. Analysis of the sequence around the gtrIC cluster revealed a new site for the integration of the serotype converting phages of S. flexneri. Understanding the origin of new pathogenic serotypes and the molecular basis of serotype conversion in S. flexneri would provide information for developing cross-reactive Shigella vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0746-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Seong Tang
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Bldg #134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. .,Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nils I A Carlin
- Etvax AB, Gunnar Asplunds Allé 16, SE-171 63, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisar A Talukder
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Phung D Cam
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Naresh K Verma
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Bldg #134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Abstract
Shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. Owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among Shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. We report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non.-ESBL producing multidrug resistant Shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, which was effectively treated by ceftriaxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirangaraj Sreenivasan
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Arunava Kali
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - Jothimani Pradeep
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
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Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang B. Quantitative analysis of burden of bacillary dysentery associated with floods in Hunan, China. Sci Total Environ 2016; 547:190-196. [PMID: 26780145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jishou and Huaihua, two cities in the west of Hunan Province, had suffered from severe floods because of long-lasting and heavy rainfall during the end of June and July 2012. However, the Disability Adjusted of Life Years (DALYs) of bacillary dysentery caused by the floods have not been examined before. The study aimed to quantify the impact of the floods on the burden of bacillary dysentery in Hunan, China. METHODS A unidirectional case-crossover study was firstly conducted to determine the relationship between daily cases of bacillary dysentery and the floods in Jishou and Huaihua of Hunan Province in 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) estimated by conditional logistic regression were used to quantify the risk of the floods on the disease. The years lived with disability (YLDs) of bacillary dysentery attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework to calculate potential impact fraction in the Burden of Disease study. RESULTS Multivariable analysis showed that floods were significantly associated with an increased risk of the number of cases of bacillary dysentery (OR=3.270, 95% CI: 1.299-8.228 in Jishou; OR=2.212, 95% CI: 1.052-4.650 in Huaihua). The strongest effect was shown with a 1-day lag in Jishou and a 4-day lag in Huaihua. Attributable YLD per 1000 of bacillary dysentery due to the floods was 0.0296 in Jishou and 0.0157 in Huaihua. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that floods have significantly increased the risks of bacillary dysentery in the study areas. In addition, a sudden and severe flooding with a shorter duration may cause more burdens of bacillary dysentery than a persistent and moderate flooding. Public health preparation and intervention programs should be taken to reduce and prevent a potential risk of bacillary dysentery epidemics after floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China;; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China;; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Baofa Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China;; Center for Climate Change and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China;.
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Li ZJ, Zhang XJ, Hou XX, Xu S, Zhang JS, Song HB, Lin HL. Nonlinear and threshold of the association between meteorological factors and bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143:3510-9. [PMID: 26027678 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the weather-bacillary dysentery association were of a large time scale (monthly or weekly) and examined the linear relationship without checking the linearity assumption. We examined this association in Beijing at a daily scale based on the exposure-response curves using generalized additive models. Our analyses suggested that there were thresholds for effects of temperature and relative humidity, with an approximately linear effect for temperature >12·5 °C [excess risk (ER) for 1 °C increase: 1·06%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·63-1·49 on lag day 3] and for relative humidity >40% (ER for 1% increase: 0·18%, 95% CI 0·12-0·24 at lag day 4); and there were linear effects of rainfall (ER for 1-mm increase: 0·22%, 95% CI 0·12-0·32), negative effects for wind speed (ER: -2·91%, 95% CI -4·28 to -1·52 at lag day 3) and sunshine duration (ER: -0·25% 95% CI -0·43 to -0·07 at lag day 4). This study suggests that there are thresholds for the effects of temperature and relative humidity on bacillary dysentery, and these findings should be considered in its prevention and control programmes.
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Jamal M, Chaudhry WN, Hussain T, Das CR, Andleeb S. Characterization of new Myoviridae bacteriophage WZ1 against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Shigella dysenteriae. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:420-31. [PMID: 25557472 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Shigella dysenteriae is a normal inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract, but sometimes it causes severe infection known as shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Bacteriophages are considered very safe and effective agents for controlling bacterial infections and contaminations. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of bacteriophage WZ1, isolated from waste water which inhibits the growth of S. dysenteriae. Phage WZ1 showed maximum stability at 37 °C and was stable up to 65 °C but was totally inactive at 70 °C. The pH stability increased from low to high and was totally inactive at pH 3 while maximum stability was observed at optimal pH 7. Phage WZ1 adsorption rate to the host bacterium was significantly enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 . It has a latent time and burst time of 24 min and about 430 virions/cell, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of phage WZ1 revealed a head width of 10 ± 0.5 nm and length of 10 ± 0.2 nm with a contractile tail of 128 ± 25 nm long and 21 ± 0.5 nm wide and belongs to family Myoviridae of order Caudovirales. Twelve structural proteins ranging from 22 to 150 kDa were detected by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The genome was found to be double stranded DNA with an approximate size of 38 kb. It has a very good reduction potential for S. dysenteriae by lowering abruptly the optical density of the planktonic S. dysenteriae culture. Phage WZ1 is a very promising candidate for phage therapy and other applications such as phage typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Jamal
- Atta -ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Emerging Pathogens Institute (EPI), University of Florida (UF), Florida, USA
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