1
|
Hagen EV, Schalomon M, Zhang Y, Hamilton TJ. Repeated microdoses of LSD do not alter anxiety or boldness in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4389. [PMID: 38388550 PMCID: PMC10883969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has resurfaced in the last decade, prompting further scientific investigation into its effectiveness in many animal models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a popular model organism in medical sciences and are used to examine the repeated administration of pharmacological compounds. Previous zebrafish research found acute LSD altered behaviour and cortisol levels at high (250 µg/L) but not low (5-100 µg/L) levels. In this study, we used a motion tracking system to record and analyze the movement patterns of zebrafish after acute and repeated 10-day LSD exposure (1.5 µg/L, 15 µg/L, 150 µg/L) and after seven days of withdrawal. The open-field and novel object approach tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion. In the acute experiments we observed a significant decrease in high mobility with 1.5 µg/L, 15 µg/L, and 150 µg/L of LSD compared to the control and a decrease in velocity with 1.5 and 15 µg/L. In repeated experiments, there were no significant differences in the levels of anxiety, boldness, or locomotion between all LSD groups and controls immediately after 10-day treatment or after withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan V Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 10700 104 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Melike Schalomon
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 10700 104 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 10700 104 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maslov GO, Zabegalov KN, Demin KA, Kolesnikova TO, Kositsyn YM, de Abreu MS, Petersen EV, Kalueff AV. Towards experimental models of delirium utilizing zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114607. [PMID: 37524203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric condition characterized by impaired behavior and cognition. Although the syndrome has been known for millennia, its CNS mechanisms and risk factors remain poorly understood. Experimental animal models, especially rodent-based, are commonly used to probe various pathogenetic aspects of delirium. Complementing rodents, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerges as a promising novel model organism to study delirium. Zebrafish demonstrate high genetic and physiological homology to mammals, easy maintenance, robust behaviors in various sensitive behavioral tests, and the potential to screen for pharmacological agents relevant to delirium. Here, we critically discuss recent developments in the field, and emphasize the developing utility of zebrafish models for translational studies of delirium and deliriant drugs. Overall, the zebrafish represents a valuable and promising aquatic model species whose use may help understand delirium etiology, as well as develop novel therapies for this severely debilitating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleb O Maslov
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana O Kolesnikova
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Kositsyn
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Petersen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sartori BM, Moreira Júnior RE, Paiva IM, Moraes IB, Murgas LDS, Brunialti-Godard AL. Acute ethanol exposure leads to long-term effects on memory, behavior, and transcriptional regulation in the zebrafish brain. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114352. [PMID: 36842314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with alterations in memory and learning processes in humans and animals. In this context, research models such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio) arise as key organisms in behavioral and molecular studies that attempt to clarify alterations in the Central Nervous System (CNS), like those related to alcohol use. Accordingly, we used the zebrafish as a model to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the learning and memory process, as well as its relationship with behavior and transcriptional regulation of lrfn2, lrrk2, grin1a, and bdnf genes in the brain. To this end, for the memory and learning evaluation, we conducted the Novel Object Recognition test (NOR); for behavior, the Novel Tank test; and for gene transcription, qPCR, after 2 h, 24 h, and 8 days of ethanol exposure. As a result, we noticed in the NOR that after 8 days of ethanol exposure, the control group spent more time exploring the novel object than when compared to 2 h post-exposure, indicating that naturally zebrafish remember familiar objects. In animals in the Treatment group, however, no object recognition behavior was observed, suggesting that alcohol affected the learning and memory processes of the animals and stimulated an anxiolytic effect in them. Regarding transcriptional regulation, 24 h after alcohol exposure, we found hyper-regulation of bdnf and, after 8 days, a hypo-regulation of lrfn2 and lrrk2. To conclude, we demonstrated that ethanol exposure may have influenced learning ability and memory formation in zebrafish, as well as behavior and regulation of gene transcription. These data are relevant for further understanding the application of zebrafish in research associated with ethanol consumption and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Miranda Sartori
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Elias Moreira Júnior
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isadora Marques Paiva
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas em Doenças Inflamatórias (CRID), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Izabela Barbosa Moraes
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Barreiras, Brazil
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Brunialti-Godard
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi MJ, Yu H, Kim JI, Seo H, Kim JG, Kim SK, Lee HS, Cheon HG. Anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001 in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1611-1622. [PMID: 36729332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous reports showed that some probiotics provide beneficial effects on various diseases including metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum SKO-001 (SKO-001), a probiotic strain newly isolated from Angelica gigas. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for four weeks, and then different doses of SKO-001 (n = 10 each group) were orally given for 12 weeks. Following treatment, body weight, fat weight, serum parameters and adipose and liver tissues were analyzed. RESULTS SKO-001 (2 × 1010 CFU/day, per os) reduced body weight gain after 10th week of administration, accompanied by a reduction in body fat mass of mice. In the SKO-001-fed group, increased serum adiponectin, decreased leptin, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglyceride levels were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various fat depots showed that increased adipocyte size caused by HFD intake was markedly reduced and correlated with reduced mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, and increased uncoupling protein 1 levels. Similarly, SKO-001 reduced lipid accumulation, decreased the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, and reduced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1 alpha 1 levels in the liver. CONCLUSIONS SKO-001 ameliorates obesity and related metabolic abnormalities in adipose and liver tissues, possibly via the regulation of lipid metabolism. Based on the results of the present study, SKO-001 may be applicable as an anti-obesity therapeutic or functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seo
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Gyeong Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sung Lee
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, 61, Heolleung-ro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06800, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Y, Liu S, Jiang X, Ren Q, Deng H, Paudel YN, Wang B, Liu K, Jin M. Benzoresorcinol induces developmental neurotoxicity and injures exploratory, learning and memorizing abilities in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155268. [PMID: 35429566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are a class of UV absorber commonly used in skin care products like sunscreens. With its wide range of application, its environmental and human hazards have received much attention in recent days. Previous studies on the toxicity of BPs mainly focused on its endocrine-disrupting effects, but there are limited studies on its neurodevelopment and neurotoxicity. Herein, using the zebrafish model we studied the neurodevelopmental- and neuro-toxicity of benzophenone 1 (BP1) (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.4 μg/mL). As a result, BP1 led to an increase of embryo mortality, a decrease in hatching rate, and an increase in the rate of developmental abnormalities in a concentration-dependent manner. BP1 also caused developmental defects in the central nervous system (CNS) and dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Accordingly, BP1 injured larval zebrafish general locomotion and response to stimuli in light/dark challenge. In adult zebrafish, BP1 exposure (1, 10, 100, 1000 μg/L) caused inhibition of learning and memory abilities in the T-maze tests, and inhibited exploratory behavior and activity in the novel tank diving tests. Further, transcription levels of genes related to neurotoxicity, neurodevelopment, and anxiety revealed that BP1 may affect the development and function of the myelin sheath, inducing structural and functional defects of CNS, manifested as abnormal behaviors such as anxiety. Hence, the current study revealed the neurodevelopmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of BP1, expanded our knowledge about the toxic effects of BP1 on organisms, posing a possible threat to the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Ren
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Baokun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Biological Engineering College, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250056, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 2878, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mao K, Li X, Chen Z, Dong X, Zhangsun D, Zhu X, Luo S. α-Conotoxin TxIB Improved Behavioral Abnormality and Changed Gene Expression in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Induced by Alcohol Withdrawal. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802917. [PMID: 35177988 PMCID: PMC8844014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious public health issue and affects the lives of numerous people. Previous studies have shown a link between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and alcohol addiction. However, the role of α6β2* nAChR in alcohol addiction remains obscure, and whether α6β2* nAChR can be used as a potential drug target for alcohol withdrawal need to be studied. Methods: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0.2% alcohol for 14 days followed by 7 days of repeated withdrawal and then retro-orbitally injected with α-conotoxin TxIB (a selective α6β2* nAChR antagonist). Open Field Test was applied to characterize zebrafish behavior parameters. The monoamine neurotransmitter amounts and their mRNA expression in the zebrafish brain were identified using ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analysis were employed to explore the potential network regulation of TxIB after alcohol withdrawal. Results: The max speed in the center area of the Open Field Test was significantly higher in the withdrawal group whereas TxIB injection corrected this abnormality. The amount and mRNA expression of monoamine neurotransmitters did not change significantly after alcohol withdrawal and TxIB administration. RNA sequencing of zebrafish brain indicated a total of 657 genes showed aberrant expression and among which 225 were reversed after TxIB injection. These reversed genes were significantly enriched in the calcium ion binding pathway and the gene expression profile was further validated by RT-PCR. Conclusion: Our finding suggests α-conotoxin TxIB improved behavioral abnormality induced by alcohol-withdrawal, and changed gene expression mainly in the calcium signaling pathway. Therefore, α-conotoxin TxIB is expected to become a potential therapeutic agent for alcohol withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zongde Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mech AM, Merteroglu M, Sealy IM, Teh MT, White RJ, Havelange W, Brennan CH, Busch-Nentwich EM. Behavioral and Gene Regulatory Responses to Developmental Drug Exposures in Zebrafish. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:795175. [PMID: 35082702 PMCID: PMC8785235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental consequences of prenatal drug exposure have been reported in many human cohorts and animal studies. The long-lasting impact on the offspring-including motor and cognitive impairments, cranial and cardiac anomalies and increased prevalence of ADHD-is a socioeconomic burden worldwide. Identifying the molecular changes leading to developmental consequences could help ameliorate the deficits and limit the impact. In this study, we have used zebrafish, a well-established behavioral and genetic model with conserved drug response and reward pathways, to identify changes in behavior and cellular pathways in response to developmental exposure to amphetamine, nicotine or oxycodone. In the presence of the drug, exposed animals showed altered behavior, consistent with effects seen in mammalian systems, including impaired locomotion and altered habituation to acoustic startle. Differences in responses seen following acute and chronic exposure suggest adaptation to the presence of the drug. Transcriptomic analysis of exposed larvae revealed differential expression of numerous genes and alterations in many pathways, including those related to cell death, immunity and circadian rhythm regulation. Differential expression of circadian rhythm genes did not correlate with behavioral changes in the larvae, however, two of the circadian genes, arntl2 and per2, were also differentially expressed at later stages of development, suggesting a long-lasting impact of developmental exposures on circadian gene expression. The immediate-early genes, egr1, egr4, fosab, and junbb, which are associated with synaptic plasticity, were downregulated by all three drugs and in situ hybridization showed that the expression for all four genes was reduced across all neuroanatomical regions, including brain regions implicated in reward processing, addiction and other psychiatric conditions. We anticipate that these early changes in gene expression in response to drug exposure are likely to contribute to the consequences of prenatal exposure and their discovery might pave the way to therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the long-lasting deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Mech
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Munise Merteroglu
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Sealy
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. White
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Havelange
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Szaszkiewicz J, Leigh S, Hamilton TJ. Robust behavioural effects in response to acute, but not repeated, terpene administration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Rep 2021; 11:19214. [PMID: 34584156 PMCID: PMC8478887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are fragrant aromatic compounds produced by a variety of plants, most notably cannabis and hops. With increasing legalization of cannabis there is a need to better understand the behavioural effects of terpenes and ultimately their therapeutic value. Our study investigated the dose-dependent impact of three terpenes (limonene 0.25, 0.5, 0.75%; β-myrcene 0.001, 0.01, 0.1%; and 0.0001, 0.001, 0.00125% linalool) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour when exposed both acutely and repeatedly over a 7-day period. Anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion were assessed using the open field test and the novel object approach test. In the acute dosing experiment, limonene and β-myrcene exposed groups demonstrated a significant decrease in locomotion, a decrease in anxiety-like behaviour, and an increase in boldness, while linalool treatment groups demonstrated only minor alterations in locomotion. Moreover, repeated exposure to limonene (0.39%) or β-myrcene (0.0083%) for a seven day period did not result in any significant behavioural effects. In conclusion, our study provides support for an anxiolytic and sedative effect in zebrafish in response to acute limonene and β-myrcene exposure that is no longer present after one week of repeated exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Szaszkiewicz
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 6-366, 10700 - 104 Ave. NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Shannon Leigh
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 6-366, 10700 - 104 Ave. NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, 6-366, 10700 - 104 Ave. NW, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Continuous light (relative to a 12:12 photoperiod) has no effect on anxiety-like behaviour, boldness, and locomotion in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) post-smolts in recirculating aquaculture systems at a salinity of either 2.5 or 10 ppt. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111070. [PMID: 34509593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is increased interest in rearing salmon in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), where environmental conditions can be tightly controlled to optimize growth. Photoperiod and salinity are two important parameters that can be manipulated in RAS. A longer photoperiod permits more time for feeding, while intermediate salinities may reduce the energetic costs of ionoregulation, both of which may enhance growth. However, little is known about how rearing at different photoperiods and salinity affect behaviour, an understudied but important research topic for intensive fish rearing. To address this, we examined the behavioural effects of two salinities and two photoperiod regimes in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) post-smolts reared continuously for 120 days in a RAS. Fish were reared on a photoperiod of either 12 h light:12 h dark (12:12), or 24 h light (24:0) at salinities of 2.5 and 10 ppt. To investigate behavioural differences associated with these treatments, we quantified: i) movement in an open-field test, ii) exploratory behaviour/boldness using a novel object approach test, and iii) anxiety-like behaviour with a light/dark test. The 24:0 groups displayed no differences in boldness/anxiety-like behaviour and locomotion relative to the 12:12 groups at their respective salinities. Taken together, fish reared under continuous light (24:0) show negligible behavioural alterations compared to fish reared under normal light dark conditions (12:12).
Collapse
|
10
|
Souza TP, Franscescon F, Stefanello FV, Müller TE, Santos LW, Rosemberg DB. Acute effects of ethanol on behavioral responses of male and female zebrafish in the open field test with the influence of a non-familiar object. Behav Processes 2021; 191:104474. [PMID: 34371127 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we investigate whether the acute effects of different ethanol (EtOH) concentrations are sex-dependent in zebrafish subjected to the open field test (OFT) with the influence of a non-familiar object. Male and female zebrafish were separated into four groups and exposed to EtOH (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.0% v/v) for 1 h. Fish were tested individually in the OFT, in which tank was divided into three areas: periphery, intermediate, and center area. An object (black sphere; diameter: 1 cm) was placed in the center of the tank and behaviors were recorded for 5 min. At the baseline, females had a distinct exploratory activity and interaction pattern with the object, reflecting a more anxious and shyer behavior in relation to males. Females exposed to 0.5% EtOH performed more rapid investigation to the object than males, while 1.0% EtOH reduced locomotion in both sexes and increased immobility only in males. Principal component analyses revealed that anxiety-like behaviors, exploratory activity, and locomotion were the components that most accounted for total variances. Collectively, our novel findings show the existence of a sex-dependent effect in the zebrafish models acutely exposed to EtOH tested in the OFT with a non-familiar object.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiele P Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Stefanello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Laura W Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lachowicz J, Niedziałek K, Rostkowska E, Szopa A, Świąder K, Szponar J, Serefko A. Zebrafish as an Animal Model for Testing Agents with Antidepressant Potential. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080792. [PMID: 34440536 PMCID: PMC8401799 DOI: 10.3390/life11080792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental disease that, according to statistics, affects 320 million people worldwide. Additionally, a current situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant deterioration of mental health in people around the world. So far, rodents have been treated as basic animal models used in studies on this disease, but in recent years, Danio rerio has emerged as a new organism that might serve well in preclinical experiments. Zebrafish have a lot of advantages, such as a quick reproductive cycle, transparent body during the early developmental stages, high genetic and physiological homology to humans, and low costs of maintenance. Here, we discuss the potential of the zebrafish model to be used in behavioral studies focused on testing agents with antidepressant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lachowicz
- Student’s Scientific Circle at Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Karolina Niedziałek
- Student’s Scientific Circle at Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Szponar
- Clinical Department of Toxicology and Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Toxicology Clinic, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital in Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ariyasiri K, Choi TI, Gerlai R, Kim CH. Acute ethanol induces behavioral changes and alters c-fos expression in specific brain regions, including the mammillary body, in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110264. [PMID: 33545226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused substances in the world, and ethanol abuse and dependence disorders represent major societal problems. However, appropriate treatment is lacking as we still do not fully understand the molecular bases of these disorders. The zebrafish is one of the model organisms utilized for studying such mechanisms. In this study, we examined the effects of acute ethanol administration on the behavior of zebrafish, and we also analyzed correlated gene expression changes using whole-mount in situ hybridization focusing on a number of genes associated with different neurotransmitter systems, stress response, and neuronal activity. We found ethanol treatment to result in hyperactivity and reduced shoal cohesion compared to control. Analysis of c-fos expression demonstrated altered activity patterns in certain brain regions, including intense activation of the mammillary body in zebrafish with acute ethanol treatment. We also found reduced level of gad1b expression in the cerebellum of ethanol treated fish compared to control. However, we could not detect significant changes in the expression level of other genes, including vglut2b, th, crh, hdc, avp, pomc, and galn in ethanol treated fish compared controls. Our results suggest that zebrafish is a promising animal model for the study of mechanisms underlying alcohol induced behavioral changes and alcohol related human disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Ariyasiri
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamilton TJ, Krook J, Szaszkiewicz J, Burggren W. Shoaling, boldness, anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are altered by acute benzo[a]pyrene exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145702. [PMID: 33609832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to crude oil and/or its derivatives in fishes can negatively impact survival, morphology and physiology, but relatively little focus has been on behavior. Exposures can influence prey-predator interactions, courtship and other vital behaviors, leading to individual or population disruption at toxicant levels well below those producing morphological or physiological changes. The few behavioral studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on fish behavior have yielded highly inconsistent results, likely relating to chronic vs. acute treatment. A few studies report lethargy and decreased exploratory behavior, while others indicate increased anxiety and greater exploratory behavior with PAH exposure. In our study on zebrafish (Danio rerio), we hypothesized that even relatively brief (30 min) exposure to the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) would impact group shoaling and individual behaviors in open field and novel object exploration tests. Exposures comprised measured concentrations of 1.0 μM, 10 μM, or 100 μM, B[a]P. Compared to controls, inter-individual distance (IID) was significantly increased by 100 μM B[a]P, but not by 1.0 μM or 10 μM B[a]P. Total distance moved by shoals was decreased significantly at B[a]P concentrations of 1.0 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM. In the open field test of individual locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, time spent in the thigmotaxis zone along the walls of the circular test arena (a proxy for anxiety-like behavior), was decreased at 100 μM. In the novel object approach test to investigate boldness, time spent near the object was significantly increased by both 10 μM and 100 μM B[a]P. Collectively, these data indicate a complex suite of changes in zebrafish including altered shoal dynamics, decreased anxiety, increased boldness, and decreased locomotion associated with exposure to B[a]P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey Krook
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | | | - Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamilton TJ, Szaszkiewicz J, Krook J, Burggren W. Analysis of the potential behavioral impact of methanol when used as a solvent: Dataset from zebrafish ( Danio rerio) behavioral research. Data Brief 2021; 36:107018. [PMID: 33889698 PMCID: PMC8050856 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicants are commonly administered to experimental organisms using solvents as vehicles. One common vehicle for dissolving toxicants is methanol (CH3OH), a solvent which on its own is capable of altering physiology and behavior high concentrations. This dataset describes behavioral results in zebrafish (Danio rerio) individually exposed to methanol (0.25%, 2.5% vol/vol), or control water, for 30 min prior to behavioral testing. Zebrafish were placed into an open field arena to examine locomotion and zone preference, which was recorded and quantified with motion-tracking software (EthoVision XT). Time spent in the outer (“thigmotaxis”) zone of the arena is a proxy for increased anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Additionally, a novel object was placed into the center of the arena to quantify relative increases in boldness/exploration between the methanol and control groups. There were no differences in time spent in any zone of the arena or distance travelled between either group, in either test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Jeffrey Krook
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX76205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shegute T, Wasihun Y. Prevalence of Substance Use in University Students, Ethiopia. Subst Abuse 2021; 15:11782218211003558. [PMID: 33854324 PMCID: PMC8013928 DOI: 10.1177/11782218211003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substance use is a known public health problem and a pressing issue in Ethiopia, its real extent and magnitude are not yet properly explored. The current study aimed to determine the extent and predictors of substance use among regular undergraduate students in the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried among 794 undergraduate regular students at the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, using a self-administered structured questionnaire filled by study participants. Data entry, cleaning, and coding were performed by EPI-INFO version 3.5.1. Statistical Package for Social Sciences; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio (SPSS) SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze data by performing descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 73.7% of the study participants used substances at least once. The lifetime use of each substance includes alcohol (68.2%), khat (53.6%), cigarettes (46.1%), and illicit drugs (23.3%). Loss of family (AOR [95%CI], 34.50 [7.569, 157.263]), pocket money between 500 and 999 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 9.978 [1.240, 80.280]), and above 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 10.831 [1.333, 87.971]) were identified predictors for khat use. The odds of lifetime alcohol use was higher among students coming from a divorced family (AOR [95%CI], 9.346 [3.162, 27.625]), lost one (AOR [95%CI], 37.406 [11.375, 123.008]), or both of their parents (AOR [95%CI], 18.750 [5.798, 60.633]). Students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 3.214 [1.950, 5.296]), and students with anxiety symptoms (AOR [95%CI], 2.655 [1.981, 3.557]) have a higher odds of lifetime cigarette smoking. The lifetime exposure to illicit drugs is higher among students in age groups between 20 and 24 years (AOR [95%CI], 5.963 [1.361, 26.135]), students coming from substance user family (AOR [95%CI], 2.172 [1.161, 4.063]), and students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 2.661 [1.202, 5.889]). CONCLUSION A higher prevalence of substance use requiring administrative and educational interventions was observed. Awareness creation interventions on the potential impacts of substance abuse should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shegute
- Department of Pharmacy, Menelik II Health and Medical Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Wasihun
- Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nahar M, Jat D. Long-Term Exposure of Alcohol Induced Behavioral Impairments and Oxidative Stress in the Brain Mitochondria and Synaptosomes of Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2021; 18:110-124. [PMID: 33728993 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism causes deleterious effects such as physiological and neuronal alterations leading to the cognitive and other behavioral impairments. Mitochondrial and synaptosomal deteriorations in the brain of alcoholic persons exhibited metabolic, biochemical changes and other related risk factors, which mainly affect the brain function. This study aimed to assess the effect of chronic alcohol-induced mitochondrial and synaptosomal oxidative damage along with behavioral impairment in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish of control group received the system water and normal diet ad libitum (group I); the other groups were treated with 0.20% alcohol (group II) and 0.40% alcohol (group III) directly in fish tank for 22 days. The result revealed significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, and significant decline in the activity of catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase compared to control. Furthermore, the alcohol-treated zebrafish also showed significant behavioral alterations. Collectively, this regulatory mechanism demonstrates the effect of long-term alcohol consumption in the zebrafish. Our results indicate that this recreational drug "alcohol" is harmful to brain mitochondria and synaptosomes, which are the main organelles, and play an important role in memory, learning, cognitive function, and ATP formation in the brain, which may represent a significant public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nahar
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
García-González J, de Quadros B, Havelange W, Brock AJ, Brennan CH. Behavioral Effects of Developmental Exposure to JWH-018 in Wild-Type and Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 ( disc1) Mutant Zebrafish. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020319. [PMID: 33669793 PMCID: PMC7922669 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids can cause acute adverse psychological effects, but the potential impact when exposure happens before birth is unknown. Use of synthetic cannabinoids during pregnancy may affect fetal brain development, and such effects could be moderated by the genetic makeup of an individual. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene with important roles in neurodevelopment that has been associated with psychiatric disorders in pedigree analyses. Using zebrafish as a model, we investigated (1) the behavioral impact of developmental exposure to 3 μM 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)-indole (JWH-018; a common psychoactive synthetic cannabinoid) and (2) whether disc1 moderates the effects of JWH-018. As altered anxiety responses are seen in several psychiatric disorders, we focused on zebrafish anxiety-like behavior. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to JWH-018 from one to six days post-fertilization. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using forced light/dark and acoustic startle assays in larvae and novel tank diving in adults. Compared to controls, both acutely and developmentally exposed zebrafish larvae had impaired locomotion during the forced light/dark test, but anxiety levels and response to startle stimuli were unaltered. Adult zebrafish developmentally exposed to JWH-018 spent less time on the bottom of the tank, suggesting decreased anxiety. Loss-of-function in disc1 increased anxiety-like behavior in the tank diving assay but did not alter sensitivity to JWH-018. Results suggest developmental exposure to JWH-018 has a long-term behavioral impact in zebrafish, which is not moderated by disc1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit García-González
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | - Bruno de Quadros
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | - William Havelange
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
| | | | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (J.G.-G.); (B.d.Q.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dean R, Hurst Radke N, Velupillai N, Franczak BC, Hamilton TJ. Vision of conspecifics decreases the effectiveness of ethanol on zebrafish behaviour. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10566. [PMID: 33520441 PMCID: PMC7812928 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic organisms in pharmacology and toxicology research are often exposed to compounds in isolation prior to physiological or behavioural testing. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of conspecifics during a stressful event can modulate behavioural outcomes (called 'social buffering') when testing occurs within the same context. It is unknown, however, whether the social environment during exposure interacts with the efficacy of anxiety-altering substances when subsequently tested in the absence of conspecifics. In this study, zebrafish were individually exposed to habitat water or ethanol (1.0% vol/vol) while untreated conspecifics were visually present or absent during dosing. Using the novel object approach test, a validated test of boldness and anxiety-like behaviour, we observed significantly greater effects of ethanol in isolated fish, compared to fish with a view of conspecifics during dosing. These results were not explained by altered locomotion during exposure, which might otherwise increase drug uptake. This highlights the need to consider the social environment during exposure when conducting and interpreting behavioural research involving drug or toxicant exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dean
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Nirudika Velupillai
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian C Franczak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trujillo V, Macchione AF, Albrecht PA, Virgolini MB, Molina JC. Learning experiences comprising central ethanol exposure in rat neonates: Impact upon respiratory plasticity and the activity of brain catalase. Alcohol 2020; 88:11-27. [PMID: 32615265 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fetal ethanol exposure represents a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, and the respiratory effects of fetal ethanol exposure promote hypoxic ischemic consequences. This study analyzes central ethanol's effects upon breathing plasticity during an ontogenetic stage equivalent to the human third gestational trimester. Ethanol's unconditioned breathing effects and their intervention in learning processes were examined. Since central ethanol is primarily metabolized via the catalase system, we also examined the effects of early history with the drug upon this system. During postnatal days 3, 5, and 7 (PDs 3-7), pups were intracisternally administered with vehicle or ethanol (300 mg%). They were tested in a plethysmograph scented or not scented with ethanol odor. The state of intoxication attenuated the onset of apneas, a phenomenon that is suggestive of ethanol's anxiolytic effects given the state of arousal caused by the novel environment and the stress of ethanol administration. At PD9, pups were evaluated when sober under sequential air conditions (initial-normoxia, hypoxia, and recovery-normoxia), with or without the presence of ethanol odor. Initial apneic episodes increased when ethanol intoxication was previously associated with the odor. Pups then ingested ethanol, and brain catalase activity was determined. Pre-exposure to ethanol intoxication paired with the odor of the drug resulted in heightened enzymatic activity. Central ethanol exposure appears to exert antianxiety effects that attenuate apneic disruptions. However, during withdrawal, the cues associated with such effects elicit an opposite reaction. The activity of the catalase system was also dependent upon learning processes that involved the association of environmental stimuli and ethanol intoxication.
Collapse
|
20
|
Co-existence of ethanol-related respiratory and motivational learning processes based on a tactile discrimination procedure in neonatal rats. Alcohol 2020; 85:65-76. [PMID: 31734305 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In rats, high ethanol doses during early postnatal life exert deleterious effects upon brain development that impact diverse social and cognitive abilities. This stage in development partially overlaps with the third human gestational trimester, commonly referred to as the brain growth spurt period. At this stage in development, human fetuses and rat neonates (postnatal days [PD] 3-9) exhibit relatively high respiratory rates that are affected by subteratogenic ethanol doses. Recent studies suggest conditioned breathing responses in the developing organism, given that there are explicit associations between exteroceptive stimuli and the state of ethanol intoxication. Furthermore, studies performed with near-term rat fetuses suggest heightened sensitivity to ethanol's motivational effects. The present study was meant to analyze the unconditioned effects of ethanol intoxication and the possible co-occurrence of learning mechanisms that can impact respiratory plasticity, and to analyze the preference for cues that signal the state of intoxication as well as the effects of the drug, related with motor stimulation. Neonatal rats were subjected to differential experiences with salient tactile cues explicitly paired or not paired with the effects of vehicle or ethanol (2.0 g/kg). A tactile discrimination procedure applied during PDs 3, 5, 7, and 9 allowed the identification of the emergence of ethanol-derived non-associative and associative learning processes that affect breathing plasticity, particularly when considering apneic disruptions. Ethanol was found to partially inhibit the disruptions that appeared to be intimately related with stressful circumstances defined by the experimental procedure. Tactile cues paired with the drug's effects were also observed to exert an inhibitory effect upon these breathing disruptions. The level of contingency between a given tactile cue and ethanol intoxication also resulted in significant changes in the probability of seeking this cue in a tactile preference test. In addition, the state of intoxication exerted motor-stimulating effects. When contrasting the data obtained via the analysis of the different dependent variables, it appears that most ethanol-derived changes are modulated by positive and/or negative (anti-anxiety) reinforcing effects of the drug. As a whole, the study indicates co-existence of ethanol-related functional changes in the developing organism that simultaneously affect respiratory plasticity and preference patterns elicited by stimuli that signal ethanol's motivational effects. These results emphasize the need to consider significant alterations due to minimal ethanol experiences that argue against "safe" levels of exposure in a critical stage in brain development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Opposing effects of acute and repeated nicotine exposure on boldness in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8570. [PMID: 32444782 PMCID: PMC7244486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive compound that activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and causes behavioural effects that vary with dose, schedule of administration, and animal model. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), acute doses of nicotine have been consistently found to have anxiolytic properties, whereas, chronic exposure elicits anxiogenic effects. To date, however, studies on repeated nicotine administration and the effects of nicotine withdrawal have not been well explored using this model. In this study, we administered nicotine with three different dosing regimens: 1. Single exposures of a "high" dose (25, 50, 100, or 400 mg/L) for 3 minutes. 2. Single exposures to a "low" dose (2.5, 5, or 20 mg/L) for one hour. 3. Repeated one-hour exposure to a "low" dose (2.5, 5, or 20 mg/L) for 21 days. The novel object approach test was used to examine boldness based on the tendency of the fish to explore a novel object. Acutely, nicotine significantly increased the time spent approaching the object with both three-minute and onehour durations of exposure, indicating increased boldness. Conversely, after repeated nicotine exposure for 21 days, fish spent less time approaching the object suggesting a decrease in boldness. Distance moved was unaffected one hour after repeated nicotine exposure, yet decreased after a two-day withdrawal period. Our work suggests that nicotine can have opposing effects on boldness that vary based on dosage and schedule of exposure.
Collapse
|
22
|
Litten RZ, Falk DE, Ryan ML, Fertig J, Leggio L. Five Priority Areas for Improving Medications Development for Alcohol Use Disorder and Promoting Their Routine Use in Clinical Practice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:23-35. [PMID: 31803968 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raye Z Litten
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel E Falk
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan L Ryan
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanne Fertig
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|