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Jablonski D, Ribeiro-Júnior MA, Simonov E, Šoltys K, Meiri S. A new, rare, small-ranged, and endangered mountain snake of the genus Elaphe from the Southern Levant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4839. [PMID: 36964263 PMCID: PMC10038995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Elaphe Fitzinger, 1833 includes 17 species of charismatic, large-sized, non-venomous, Eurasian snakes. In the Western Palearctic, the genus is represented by three species from the Elaphe quatuorlineata group ranging from the Apennine peninsula to Central Asia. The southernmost population of this group is distributed in the mountains of the Southern Levant, with more than 400 km gap to other Elaphe populations. This population has been known to science for only 50 years and is virtually unstudied due to its extreme rarity. We studied these snakes' morphological and genetic variation from the three countries where they are known to occur, i.e., Israel (Hermon, the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights), Lebanon, and Syria. We used nine mitochondrial and nuclear genes, complete mitogenome sequences, and a comprehensive morphological examination including published data, our own field observations, and museum specimens, to study its relationship to other species in the group. The three currently recognized species of the group (E. quatuorlineata, E. sauromates, E. urartica), and the Levant population, form four deeply divergent, strongly supported clades. Three of these clades correspond to the abovementioned species while the Southern Levant clade, which is genetically and morphologically distinct from all named congeners, is described here as a new species, Elaphe druzei sp. nov. The basal divergence of this group is estimated to be the Late Miocene with subsequent radiation from 5.1 to 3.9 Mya. The revealed biogeography of the E. quatuorlineata group supports the importance of the Levant as a major center of endemism and diversity of biota in Eurasia. The new species is large-sized and is one of the rarest snakes in the Western Palearctic. Because of its small mountain distribution range, in an area affected by land use and climate change, the new Elaphe urgently needs strict protection. Despite political issues, we hope this will be based on the cooperation of all countries where the new species occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katarína Šoltys
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shai Meiri
- The School of Zoology and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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A new cryptic species of the Darevskia parvula group from NE Anatolia (Squamata, Lacertidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Yousefabadi F, Rastegar Pouyani E, Keikhosravi A, Rastegar Pouyani N, Avcı A, Üzüm N, Olgun K, Kumlutaş Y, Lymberakis P, Ilgaz Ç, Hosseinian Yousefkhani SS. An integrative approach uncovered variation within
Trapelus ruderatus
(Olivier, 1804) (Squamata: Agamidae) in Western Asia. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Yousefabadi
- Department of Biology Faculty osf Science Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar Iran
| | | | - Alireza Keikhosravi
- Department of Biology Faculty osf Science Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar Iran
| | | | - Aziz Avcı
- Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Biology Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Nazan Üzüm
- Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Biology Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Kurtuluş Olgun
- Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Biology Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylül University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
- Research and Application Center for Fauna Flora Dokuz Eylul University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
| | | | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylül University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
- Research and Application Center for Fauna Flora Dokuz Eylul University Buca‐İzmir Turkey
| | - Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani
- Department of Animal Science School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran
- Institute of Biological Science School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran
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4
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Qi S, Shi JS, Ma YB, Gao YF, Bu SH, Grismer LL, Li PP, Wang YY. A sheep in wolf's clothing: Elaphe xiphodonta sp. nov. (Squamata, Colubridae) and its possible mimicry to Protobothrops jerdonii. Zookeys 2021; 1048:23-47. [PMID: 34295215 PMCID: PMC8277656 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1048.65650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on combined morphological and osteological characters and molecular phylogenetics, we describe a new species of the genus Elaphe that was discovered from the south slope of the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, China, namely Elaphe xiphodonta sp. nov. It is distinguished from the other congeners by a combination of the following characters: dorsal scales in 21-21-17 rows, the medial 11 rows keeled; 202-204 ventral scales, 67-68 subcaudals; two preoculars (including one subpreocular); two postoculars; two anterior temporals, three posterior temporals; reduced numbers of maxillary teeth (9+2) and dentary teeth (12); sharp cutting edges on the posterior or posterolateral surface of the rear maxillary teeth and dentary teeth; dorsal head yellow, three distinct markings on the head and neck; a distinct black labial spot present in supralabials; dorsum yellow, 46-49 complete (or incomplete) large black-edged reddish brown blotches on the body and 12-19 on the tail, two rows of smaller blotches on each ventrolateral side; ventral scales yellow with mottled irregular black blotches, a few irregular small red spots dispersed on the middle of the ventral. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, the new species forms the sister taxon to E. zoigeensis. The discovery of this new species increases the number of the recognized species in the genus Elaphe to 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/ The Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China.,Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Jing-Song Shi
- Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling China
| | - Yi-Fei Gao
- Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling China
| | - Shu-Hai Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling China
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California 92515, USA La Sierra Univer-sity Riverside United States of America
| | - Pi-Peng Li
- Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
| | - Ying-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/ The Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
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5
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Liu S, Hou M, Lwin YH, Wang Q, Rao D. A new species of Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes, Colubridae), previously confused with G. prasinum (Blyth, 1854). EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.66574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Gonyosoma Wagler is described from Yunnan Province, China. The new species closely resembles G. prasinum (Blyth), but it is differentiated from the latter species by the following characters: precloacal plate divided, iris blue and inside of mouth greyish-white in life. Based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, the new species is recovered as the sister species to G. prasinum by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. The uncorrected pairwise distance between the new species and other species of the genus Gonyosoma ranged from 11.78% to 17.07% calculated using the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence. This discovery increases the number of Gonyosoma species to seven.
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Pârâu LG, Wink M. Common patterns in the molecular phylogeography of western palearctic birds: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY 2021; 162:937-959. [PMID: 34007780 PMCID: PMC8118378 DOI: 10.1007/s10336-021-01893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A plethora of studies have offered crucial insights in the phylogeographic status of Western Palearctic bird species. However, an overview integrating all this information and analyzing the combined results is still missing. In this study, we compiled all published peer-reviewed and grey literature available on the phylogeography of Western Palearctic bird species. Our literature review indicates a total number of 198 studies, with the overwhelming majority published as journal articles (n = 186). In total, these literature items offer information on 145 bird species. 85 of these species are characterized by low genetic differentiation, 46 species indicate genetic variation but no geographic structuring i.e. panmixia, while 14 species show geographically distinct lineages and haplotypes. Majority of bird species inhabiting the Western Palearctic display genetic admixture. The glaciation cycles in the past few million years were pivotal factors in shaping this situation: during warm periods many species expanded their distribution range to the north over wide areas of Eurasia; whereas, during ice ages most areas were no longer suitable and species retreated to refugia, where lineages mixed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10336-021-01893-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu G. Pârâu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 4 OG, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present Address: SARS-CoV-2 Data Evaluation Office, Eurofins Genomics Europe Applied Genomics GmbH, Anzinger Straße 7a, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 4 OG, Heidelberg, Germany
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Marin I, Palatov D. Cryptic refugee on the northern slope of the Greater Caucasian Ridge: Discovery of niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in the North Ossetia–Alania, North Caucasus, separated from its relatives in the late Miocene. ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oskyrko O, Jablonski D. The first comprehensive data on the distribution of reptiles within the Southern Bug eco-corridor, Ukraine. HERPETOZOA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e62459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides distribution data for 12 species of reptiles in the Southern Bug eco-corridor located within the steppe zone, Mykolaiv Oblast (province), Ukraine. We compiled 935 records from published literature (324), from public databases (68), and from 12 field surveys we made in 2016–2020 (543). All records were mapped on to a grid of 10×10 km, representing the 294 cells of the studied area. We present new distributional data for Podarcis tauricus. For all the other species, our records add new localities that fall within areas where these reptiles were previously reported. Species richness and Shannon’s H’ index show that herpetofauna diversity was higher in the areas along the Southern Bug River. The maximum number of records within a single cell was 118 (for 10 species) in this oblast. Also the high number of identified reptile chorotypes (nine) within the Mykolaiv Oblast revealed that southern Ukraine is an important zoogeographical territory in Europe. These data provide the basis for future biogeographical and ecological studies and conservation priorities.
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9
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Candan K, Kornilios P, Ayaz D, Kumlutaş Y, GüL S, Caynak EY, Ilgaz Ç. Cryptic genetic structure within Valentin’s Lizard, Darevskia valentini (Boettger, 1892) (Squamata, Lacertidae), with implications for systematics and origins of parthenogenesis. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1909171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Candan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
| | | | - DinÇer Ayaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir TR-35040, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kumlutaş
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
- Fauna and Flora Applied and Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
| | - Serkan GüL
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize TR-53100, Turkey
| | - Elif Yildirim Caynak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
- Fauna and Flora Applied and Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
- Fauna and Flora Applied and Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, İzmir TR-35390, Turkey
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10
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Jablonski D, Ribeiro-Júnior MA, Meiri S, Maza E, Kukushkin OV, Chirikova M, Pirosová A, Jelić D, Mikulíček P, Jandzik D. Morphological and genetic differentiation in the anguid lizard Pseudopus apodus supports the existence of an endemic subspecies in the Levant. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e60800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Levant represents one of the most important reptile diversity hotspots and centers of endemism in the Western Palearctic. The region harbored numerous taxa in glacial refugia during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Due to the hostile arid conditions in the warmer periods they were not always able to spread or come into contact with populations from more distant regions. One large and conspicuous member of the Levantine herpetofauna is the legless anguid lizardPseudopus apodus. This species is distributed from the Balkans to Central Asia with a portion of its range running along the eastern Mediterranean coast. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, microsatellite genotypes, and morphology show that populations in this region differ from the two named subspecies and presumably had a long independent evolutionary history during the Quaternary. Here we describe the Levantine population as a new subspecies and present biogeographic scenarios for its origin and diversification. The new subspecies is genetically highly diverse, and it forms a sister lineage toPseudopusfrom the remaining parts of the range according to mtDNA. It is the largest-bodied of the three subspecies, but occupies the smallest range.
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11
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Šmíd J, Aghová T, Velenská D, Moravec J, Balej P, Naumov B, Popgeorgiev G, Üzüm N, Avci A, Jablonski D. Quaternary range dynamics and taxonomy of the Mediterranean collared dwarf racer, Platyceps collaris (Squamata: Colubridae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The geological and geographical settings of the Eastern Mediterranean have resulted in complex patterns of intraspecific diversifications and phylogeographical histories that can be observed in squamates. In this study, we examined genetic differentiation of the Collared dwarf racer (Platyceps collaris) using a multilocus genetic dataset with a sampling that covered the entire range of the species. We developed distribution models in current and past climatic conditions to assess the dynamics of the species distribution through time. We sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of the holotype and eight paratypes of Coluber rubriceps thracius, which is considered a synonym of Platyceps collaris. Our results show that there are two distinct clades within P. collaris, one occupying the Balkans and western and southern Anatolia (termed the Balkan–Anatolian clade), the other in the Levant (termed the Levantine clade). All type specimens of C. r. thracius are genetically identical and cluster within the Balkan–Anatolian clade. Distribution models indicate the presence of two refugia during climatically challenging periods. One was in western Anatolia and served as a source for the colonization of the Balkans and southern Anatolia, and the other was in the northern Levant, from where P. collaris dispersed further south. According to our results, we revise the subspecific taxonomy of P. collaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Aghová
- Centre of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Doubravka Velenská
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Balej
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká, Praha—Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Borislav Naumov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Popgeorgiev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tzar Osvoboditel Boulevard, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nazan Üzüm
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Aziz Avci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Kornilios P, Jablonski D, Sadek RA, Kumlutaş Y, Olgun K, Avci A, Ilgaz C. Multilocus species-delimitation in the Xerotyphlops vermicularis (Reptilia: Typhlopidae) species complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 152:106922. [PMID: 32771550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Scolecophidia (worm snakes) are a vertebrate group with high ecomorphological conservatism due to their burrowing lifestyle. The Eurasian or Greek blindsnake Xerotyphlops vermicularis is their only European representative, a species-complex with an old diversification history. However, its systematics and taxonomy has remained untouched. Here, we extend previous work that relied heavily on mitochondrial markers, following a multi-locus approach and applying several species-delimitation methods, including a Bayesian coalescence-based approach (STACEY). Four "species" delimitation analyses based on the mtDNA (ABGD, bGMYC, mPTP, parsimony networks) returned 14, 11, 9 and 10 clusters, respectively. By mitotyping twice as many specimens as before, we have a complete picture of each cluster's distribution. With the exception of the highly-divergent Levantine lineage, the three independent nuclear markers did not help with phylogenetic resolution, as demonstrated in haplotype networks, concatenated and species-trees, a result of incomplete lineage sorting. The prevailing model from the coalescence-based species-delimitation identified two species: the lineage from the Levant and all others. We formally recognize them as distinct species and resurrect Xerotyphlops syriacus (Jan, 1864) to include the Levantine blindsnakes. Finally, X. vermicularis and X. syriacus may represent species-complexes themselves, since they include high levels of cryptic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kornilios
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - D Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R A Sadek
- Biology Department, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Kumlutaş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 Buca, İzmir, Turkey
| | - K Olgun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - A Avci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - C Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 Buca, İzmir, Turkey
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13
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Kehlmaier C, Zinenko O, Fritz U. The enigmatic Crimean green lizard (
Lacerta viridis magnifica
) is extinct but not valid: Mitogenomics of a 120‐year‐old museum specimen reveals historical introduction. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr Zinenko
- Museum of Nature Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology School of Biology V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Kharkiv Ukraine
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology Senckenberg Dresden Dresden Germany
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