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Golbeck L, Cohrs I, Humann-Ziehank E, Grünberg W. Effects of oral or parenteral iron supplementation on haematological parameters, blood iron status and growth in newborn calves fed milk replacer. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3265. [PMID: 37518851 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the influence of early life iron supplementation on the haematological parameters of calves fed milk replacer on a high plane of nutrition. METHODS Thirty calves were allocated to receive either a sham treatment (CON), injection of 1000 mg Fe3+ (INJ) or oral administration of 1050 mg Fe3+ (ORAL), all administered less than 1 hour after birth. Blood was obtained before treatment, on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of life and once weekly until week 9. Samples were analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and estimated transferrin saturation (%TSAT). RESULTS The Hb and PCV of calves in the INJ and ORAL groups were above the values of those in the CON group throughout the study. Hb and PCV of the CON group remained within the reference range for calves. The %TSAT exceeded reported ranges in the ORAL group in the first week. Values for the CON group were below the INJ and ORAL groups throughout the entire study. Average daily gain did not differ between treatments. LIMITATIONS The sample size was insufficient to assess the influence of iron supplementation on disease development. Furthermore, the study was set in a controlled environment and not performed under field conditions. CONCLUSIONS Oral and subcutaneous iron administration had similar effects on haematological development but resulted in numerically different transferrin saturation. Control animals showed lower Hb and PCV but did not develop overt anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Golbeck
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Imke Cohrs
- Educational and Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, Münchweiler and der Alsenz, Germany
- Clinic for Ruminants, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Clinic for Ruminants, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Frawley R, Johnson VJ, Burleson GR, Shockley KR, Cesta MF, Travlos G, Cora M, Roberts G, Germolec D. Evaluation of immunotoxicity of sodium metavanadate following drinking water exposure in female B6C3F1/N mice in a 28-day study. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1686-1701. [PMID: 37403832 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metavanadate (NaVO3 ) is a pentavalent vanadium compound used in the metal industry and dietary supplements; human exposure occurs through inhalation of fumes and dust and ingestion of NaVO3 -containing products. The objective of this study was to assess the potential immunotoxicity of NaVO3 . Female B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to 0-500 ppm NaVO3 in drinking water for 28 days and evaluated for effects on immune cell populations and innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral-mediated immunity. There was a decreasing trend in body weight (BW) and BW gain in NaVO3 exposed mice, with a decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in BW gain at ≥250 ppm, relative to control. Conversely, increasing trends in spleen weights and an increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the spleen:BW ratio at ≥250 ppm NaVO3 were observed. NaVO3 exposure altered antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Antibody forming cells (AFC)/106 spleen cells exhibited a decreasing trend, with a decrease (p ≤ 0.05) at 500 ppm NaVO3 , concurrent with an increase in percent B cells. NaVO3 had no effect on the serum anti-SRBC IgM antibody titers or anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody production. Exposure to NaVO3 decreased the percentage of natural killer cells at all dose levels (p ≤ 0.05), with no effect on the lytic activity. NaVO3 altered T-cell populations at 500 ppm but had no effect on T-cell proliferative responses or the lytic activity of cytotoxic T cells. Collectively, these data indicate that NaVO3 exposure can adversely affect the immune system by inducing alterations in humoral-mediated immunity, specifically the AFC response, with no effect on cell-mediated or innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Frawley
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor J Johnson
- Burleson Research Technologies, Inc, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary R Burleson
- Burleson Research Technologies, Inc, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark F Cesta
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Greg Travlos
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Cora
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dori Germolec
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Gómez E, Murillo A, Carrocera S, Pérez-Jánez JJ, Benedito JL, Martín-González D, Gimeno I. Fitness of calves born from in vitro-produced fresh and cryopreserved embryos. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1006995. [PMID: 36504844 PMCID: PMC9730881 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1006995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, vitrified/warmed (V/W) and frozen/thawed (F/T), in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos, differ in their physiology and survival from fresh embryos. In this study, we analyzed the effects of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the offspring. IVP embryos cultured with albumin and with or without 0.1% serum until Day 6, and thereafter in single culture without protein, were transferred to recipients on Day 7 as F/T, V/W, or fresh, resulting in N = 24, 14, and 13 calves, respectively. Calves were clinically examined at birth, and blood was analyzed before and after colostrum intake (Day 0), and subsequently on Day 15 and Day 30. On Day 0, calves from V/W and F/T embryos showed increased creatinine and capillary refill time (CRT) and reduced heartbeats. Calves from F/T embryos showed lower PCO2, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume than calves from V/W embryos while V/W embryos led to calves with increased Na+ levels. Colostrum effects did not differ between calves from fresh and cryopreserved embryos, indicating similar adaptive ability among calves. However, PCO2 did not decrease in calves from V/W embryos after colostrum intake. Serum in culture led to calves with affected (P < 0.05) temperature, CRT, HCO 3 - , base excess (BE), TCO2, creatinine, urea, and anion gap. On Day 15, the effects of embryo cryopreservation disappeared among calves. In contrast, Day 30 values were influenced by diarrhea appearance, mainly in calves from V/W embryos (i.e., lower values of TCO2, HCO 3 - , and BE; and increased glucose, anion gap, and lactate), although with no more clinical compromise than calves from fresh and F/T embryos. Diarrhea affected PCO2 and Na+ in all groups. Embryo cryopreservation, and/or culture, yield metabolically different calves, including effects on protein and acid-base metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gómez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Spain,*Correspondence: Enrique Gómez
| | - Antonio Murillo
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Spain
| | - Susana Carrocera
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Benedito
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Martín-González
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Spain
| | - Isabel Gimeno
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Spain
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von Petersdorff-Campen K, Fischer P, Bogdanova A, Schmid Daners M. Potential Factors for Poor Reproducibility of In Vitro Hemolysis Testing. ASAIO J 2021; 68:384-393. [PMID: 34593679 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro testing of hemolysis is essential for the validation and development of ventricular assist devices. However, as many factors influence hemolysis, such tests' inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility is poor. In this work, CentriMag blood pumps were used to conduct a hemolysis study according to ASTM F1841 with blood from 23 bovine donors. Complementary blood analysis, including cell count, plasma composition, and viscosity, was performed to identify factors relevant to the variability of hemolysis testing results. Three strategies were tested to improve reproducibility: albumin supplementation, maintaining glucose concentration, and replacement of plasma with plasma-like buffer. Differences in red blood cell stability among donors were responsible for the largest portion of the total variance. Hematocrit varied widely among donors, and its adjustment to a standard value led to the artificial introduction of between-donor differences, especially in viscosity. It seems likely, that a more careful selection of donors with similar characteristics or repeated blood collection from the same donor could improve reproducibility. However, no direct correlations were found between the susceptibility to hemolysis and individual donor or blood characteristics in this study. The addition of albumin and glucose had a negligible effect while washing blood samples with artificial plasma significantly reduced mean hemolysis, although not its variation. The findings contribute to the understanding of variability in hemolysis experiments and give reason to question the common standard operating procedures, such as hemodilution or maintaining glucose concentration. To confirm the factors identified here, additional studies isolating the effects of individual factors are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai von Petersdorff-Campen
- From the Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Żarczyńska K, Sobiech P, Tobolski D, Mee JF, Illek J. Effect of a single, oral administration of selenitetriglycerides, at two dose rates, on blood selenium status and haematological and biochemical parameters in Holstein-Friesian calves. Ir Vet J 2021; 74:11. [PMID: 33892796 PMCID: PMC8067295 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenitetriglycerides are biologically active, organic forms of selenium formed as a result of the modification of selenic acid and sunflower oil. Studies in rats have shown that they are well absorbed and of low toxicity. There are no published studies on selenitetriglycerides supplementation in calves. RESULTS In this study, selenitetriglycerides were administered once orally on the 2nd day of life at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg Se/kg body weight to each of six Holstein-Friesian calves while six control calves were not supplemented. Blood for determination of selenium concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity, haematological parameters, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine concentration was collected before supplementation (day 0) and 1, 2, 5, 10 and 14 days after supplementation. Selenitetriglycerides administration increased (P < 0.01) serum selenium concentration in supplemented calves as early as day1, from a mean of 63.4 to 184.22 µg/l in calves receiving selenium at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg BW, and from 63.17 to 200.33 µg/l in calves receiving 1 mg/kg. Serum selenium concentrations remained significantly higher compared to the control group throughout the experiment. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in supplemented than control calves, significantly so in animals receiving the 1 mg/kg dose of Se on the 10th and 14th days (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the haematological and biochemical parameters between the groups. CONCLUSIONS This experiment showed that supplementation with selenitetriglycerides could significantly improve blood selenium status in calves without adverse effects on haematological or biochemical parameters. These findings are essential prerequisites for future studies on selenitetriglycerides supplementation to manage clinical selenium deficiency in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Żarczyńska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Sobiech
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dawid Tobolski
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - John F Mee
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, Co, P61 C997, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josef Illek
- Clinical Laboratory for Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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