1
|
Yang M, Chen S, Geng J, Gao S, Chen S, Li H. Comprehensive analysis of the Spartina alterniflora WD40 gene family reveals the regulatory role of SaTTG1 in plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1390461. [PMID: 38863548 PMCID: PMC11165199 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1390461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The WD40 gene family, prevalent in eukaryotes, assumes diverse roles in cellular processes. Spartina alterniflora, a halophyte with exceptional salt tolerance, flood tolerance, reproduction, and diffusion ability, offers great potential for industrial applications and crop breeding analysis. The exploration of growth and development-related genes in this species offers immense potential for enhancing crop yield and environmental adaptability, particularly in industrialized plantations. However, the understanding of their role in regulating plant growth and development remains limited. Methods In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of WD40 genes in S. alterniflora at the whole-genome level, delving into their characteristics such as physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene architecture, and expression patterns. Additionally, we cloned the TTG1 gene, a gene in plant growth and development across diverse species. Results We identified a total of 582 WD40 proteins in the S. alterniflora genome, exhibiting an uneven distribution across chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analysis, we categorized the 582 SaWD40 proteins into 12 distinct clades. Examining the duplication patterns of SaWD40 genes, we observed a predominant role of segmental duplication in their expansion. A substantial proportion of SaWD40 gene duplication pairs underwent purifying selection through evolution. To explore the functional aspects, we selected SaTTG1, a homolog of Arabidopsis TTG1, for overexpression in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SaTTG1 protein localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane, exhibiting transcriptional activation in yeast cells. The overexpression of SaTTG1 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering and increased seed size. Discussion These outcomes significantly contribute to our understanding of WD40 gene functions in halophyte species. The findings not only serve as a valuable foundation for further investigations into WD40 genes in halophyte but also offer insights into the molecular mechanisms governing plant development, offering potential avenues in molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maogeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jiahui Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng H, Cai S, Hao M, Cai Y, Wen Y, Huang W, Mei D, Hu Q. Targeted mutagenesis of BnTTG1 homologues generated yellow-seeded rapeseed with increased oil content and seed germination under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108302. [PMID: 38171134 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Yellow seed is one desirable trait with great potential to improve seed oil quality and yield. The present study surveys the redundant role of BnTTG1 genes in the proanthocyanidins (PA) biosynthesis, oil content and abiotic stress resistance. Stable yellow seed mutants were generated after mutating BnTTG1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Yellow seed phenotype could be obtained only when both functional homologues of BnTTG1 were simultaneously knocked out. Homozygous mutants of BnTTG1 homologues showed decreased thickness and PA accumulation in seed coat. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BnTTG1 mutation inhibited the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Increased seed oil content and alteration of fatty acid (FA) composition were observed in homozygous mutants of BnTTG1 with enriched expression of genes involved in FA biosynthesis pathway. In addition, target mutation of BnTTG1 accelerated seed germination rate under salt and cold stresses. Enhanced seed germination capacity in BnTTG1 mutants was correlated with the change of expression level of ABA responsive genes. Overall, this study elucidated the redundant role of BnTTG1 in regulating seed coat color and established an efficient approach for generating yellow-seeded oilseed rape genetic resources with increase oil content, modified FA composition and resistance to multiple abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Shengli Cai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yating Cai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ke S, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the WD40 Subfamily in Oryza Genus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15776. [PMID: 37958759 PMCID: PMC10648978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The WD40 superfamily is widely found in eukaryotes and has essential subunits that serve as scaffolds for protein complexes. WD40 proteins play important regulatory roles in plant development and physiological processes, such as transcription regulation and signal transduction; it is also involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In rice, only OsTTG1 was found to be associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, and evolutionary analysis of the WD40 gene family in multiple species is less studied. Here, a genome-wide analysis of the subfamily belonging to WD40-TTG1 was performed in nine AA genome species: Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Oryza sativa ssp. indica, Oryza rufipogon, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza barthii, Oryza glumaepatula, Oryza nivara, and Oryza longistaminata. In this study, 383 WD40 genes in the Oryza genus were identified, and they were classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis, with most members in group C and group D. They were found to be unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes. A total of 39 collinear gene pairs were identified in the Oryza genus, and all were segmental duplications. WD40s had similar expansion patterns in the Oryza genus. Ka/Ks analyses indicated that they had undergone mainly purifying selection during evolution. Furthermore, WD40s in the Oryza genus have similar evolutionary patterns, so Oryza sativa ssp. indica was used as a model species for further analysis. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that many genes were related to jasmonic acid and light response. Among them, OsiWD40-26/37/42 contained elements of flavonoid synthesis, and OsiWD40-15 had MYB binding sites, indicating that they might be related to anthocyanin synthesis. The expression profile analysis at different stages revealed that most OsiWD40s were expressed in leaves, roots, and panicles. The expression of OsiWD40s was further analyzed by qRT-PCR in 9311 (indica) under various hormone treatments and abiotic stresses. OsiWD40-24 was found to be responsive to both phytohormones and abiotic stresses, suggesting that it might play an important role in plant stress resistance. And many OsiWD40s might be more involved in cold stress tolerance. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the WD40 subfamily. The analyzed candidate genes can be used for the exploration of practical applications in rice, such as cultivar culture for colored rice, stress tolerance varieties, and morphological marker development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi H, Chen M, Gao L, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yan H, Xu C, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Tang W, Wang S, Shi Y, Wu Y, Sun D, Jia J, Ma Y. Genome-wide association study of agronomic traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4289-4302. [PMID: 36136127 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
GWAS identified 347 QTLs associated with eight traits related to nitrogen use efficiency in a 389-count wheat panel. Four novel candidate transcription factor genes were verified using qRT-PCR. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants that determines crop yield. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should considerably increase wheat yield and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilisers. However, knowledge on the genetic basis of NUE during wheat maturity is limited. In this study, a diversity panel incorporating 389 wheat accessions was phenotyped for eight NUE-related agronomic traits across five different environments. A total of 347 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for low nitrogen tolerance indices (ratio of agronomic characters under low and high nitrogen conditions) were identified through a genome-wide association study utilising 397,384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MLM (Q + K) model, including 11 stable QTLs. Furthermore, 69 candidate genes were predicted for low nitrogen tolerance indices of best linear unbiased predictions values of the eight studied agronomic traits, and four novel candidate transcription factors (TraesCS5A02G237500 for qFsnR5A.2, TraesCS5B02G384500 and TraesCS5B02G384600 for qSLR5B.1, and TraesCS3B02G068800 for qTKWR3B.1) showed differing expression patterns in contrasting low-nitrogen-tolerant wheat genotypes. Moreover, the number of favourable marker alleles calculated using NUE that were significantly related to SNP in accessions decreased over the decades, indicating a decline in the NUE of the 389 wheat varieties. These findings denote promising NUE markers that could be useful in breeding high-NUE wheat varieties, and the candidate genes could further detail the NUE-related regulation network in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Research Center of Wheat Engineering Technology of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China
| | - Yanming Bai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huishu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wensi Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yugang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Jizeng Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang S, Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhang M, Wang D, Xie K, Fan P, Dou J, Liu D, Liu B, Chen C, Yan Y, Zhao L, Yang L. A novel HD-Zip I/C2H2-ZFP/WD-repeat complex regulates the size of spine base in cucumber. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2643-2658. [PMID: 35037268 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit spine is an important trait in cucumber, affecting not only commercial quality, but also fruit smoothness, transportation and storage. Spine size is determined by a multi-cellular base. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cucumber spine base remains largely unknown. Here, we report map-based cloning and characterization of a spine base size 1 (SBS1) gene, encoding a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor. Near-isogenic lines of cucumber were used to map, identify and quantify cucumber spine base size 1 (CsSBS1). Yeast-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and RNA-sequencing assays were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CsSBS1 in regulating spine base size development. CsSBS1 was specifically expressed in cucumber ovaries with particularly high expression in fruit spines. Overexpression of CsSBS1 resulted in large fruit spine base, while RNA-interference silencing of CsSBS1 inhibited the expansion of fruit spine base. Sequence analysis of natural cucumber accessions revealed that CsSBS1 was lost in small spine base accessions, resulting from a 4895 bp fragment deletion in CsSBS1 locus. CsSBS1 can form a trimeric complex with two positive regulators CsTTG1 and CsGL1 to regulate spine base development through ethylene signaling. A novel regulator network is proposed that the CsGL1/CsSBS1/CsTTG1 complex plays a significant role in regulating spine base formation and size, which offers a strategy for cucumber breeders to develop smooth fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yueling Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dengke Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kuixi Xie
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Plant Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Tian H, Wang W, Wang X, Zheng K, Hussain S, Lin R, Wang T, Wang S. The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810039. [PMID: 34576199 PMCID: PMC8467004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis WD40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) regulates cell fate determination, including trichome initiation and root hair formation, as well as secondary metabolism such as flavonoid biosynthesis and seed coat mucilage production. TTG1 regulates different processes via regulating the expression of its downstream target genes by forming MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) activator complexes with different R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors. Here, we report the identification of the carboxyl (C)-terminus as a critical domain for TTG1′s functions in Arabidopsis. We found that the ttg1Δ15aa mutant shows pleiotropic phenotypes identical to a TTG1 loss-of-function mutant. Gene sequencing indicates that a single nucleotide substitution in TTG1 led to a premature stop at the W327 residue, leading to the production of a truncated TTG1 protein with a deletion of the last 15 C-terminal amino acids. The expression of TTG1 under the control of its native promoter fully restored the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Consistent with these observations, the expression levels of TTG1 downstream genes such as GLABRA2 (GL2) and CAPRICE (CPC) were reduced in the ttg1Δ15aa mutant. Assays in Arabidopsis protoplast show that TTG1Δ15aa failed to interact with the bHLH transcription factor GL3, and the deletion of the last 3 C-terminal amino acids or the 339L amino acid alone fully abolished the interaction of TTG1 with GL3. Furthermore, the expression of TTG1Δ3aa under the control of TTG1 native promoter failed to restore the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Taken together, our results suggest that the C-terminal domain of TTG1 is required for its proper function in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (Y.W.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (Y.W.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xutong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (Y.W.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Kaijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (H.T.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (R.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (Y.W.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye X, Gao Y, Chen C, Xie F, Hua Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Zhao J, Hu G, Qin Y. Genome-Wide Identification of Aquaporin Gene Family in Pitaya Reveals an HuNIP6;1 Involved in Flowering Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7689. [PMID: 34299311 PMCID: PMC8306030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane proteins involved in seed maturation and germination, stomata movement, photosynthesis, and regulation of plant flowering processes. Pitaya flowers are open at night and wither at daybreak, which shows an obvious circadian rhythm. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of AQPs in Hylocereus undantus was conducted to screen key genes associated with flowering processes. A total of 33 HuAQP genes were identified from the H. undantus genome. The 33 HuAQPs were grouped into four subfamilies: 10 PIPs, 13 TIPs, 8 NIPs, and 2 SIPs, which were distributed on 9 out of 11 pitaya chromosomes (Chr) (except for Chr7 and Chr10). Results from expression profiles showed that HuNIP6;1 may be involved in pitaya's floral opening. HuNIP6;1 was localized exclusively in the cell membrane. Overexpression of HuNIP6;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly promoted early flowering through regulating negative flowering regulators of MJM30, COL9, and PRR5, suggesting that HuNIP6;1 plays key roles in regulating flowering time. The present study provides the first genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in pitaya and valuable information for utilization of HuAQPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Canbin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Qingzhu Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Zhike Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Jietang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Guibing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Y.); (C.C.); (F.X.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, a Key Regulator in Plants with Multiple Roles and Multiple Function Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144881. [PMID: 32664363 PMCID: PMC7402295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) is a WD40 repeat protein. The phenotypes caused by loss-of-function of TTG1 were observed about half a century ago, but the TTG1 gene was identified only about twenty years ago. Since then, TTG1 has been found to be a plant-specific regulator with multiple roles and multiple functional mechanisms. TTG1 is involved in the regulation of cell fate determination, secondary metabolisms, accumulation of seed storage reserves, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and flowering time in plants. In some processes, TTG1 may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of downstream target genes via forming transcription activator complexes with R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors. Whereas in other processes, TTG1 may function alone or interact with other proteins to regulate downstream target genes. On the other hand, the studies on the regulation of TTG1 are very limited. So far, only the B3-domain family transcription factor FUSCA3 (FUS3) has been found to regulate the expression of TTG1, phosphorylation of TTG1 affects its interaction with bHLH transcription factor TT2, and TTG1 proteins can be targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here, we provide an overview of TTG1, including the identification of TTG1, the functions of TTG1, the possible function mechanisms of TTG1, and the regulation of TTG1. We also proposed potential research directions that may shed new light on the regulation and functional mechanisms of TTG1 in plants.
Collapse
|