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Abubakar AS, Ahmad B, Ahmad N, Liu L, Liu B, Qu Y, Chen J, Chen P, Zhao H, Chen J, Chen K, Gao G, Zhu A. Physicochemical evaluation, structural characterization, in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of water-soluble polysaccharides from Luobuma (Apocynum L.) tea. Food Chem 2024; 460:140453. [PMID: 39067428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Luobuma tea is made from the leaves of Apocynum hendersonii (Bt) and A. venetum (Ht) and has been used for a very long time in China and Japan as herbal tea. This study isolated water-soluble polysaccharides from the two species` teas. Physicochemical properties, structural properties, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were determined for the first time. The results showed that the Bt and Ht polysaccharides with molecular weights of 31.21 and 49.11 kDa, respectively, composed of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, fucose, and mannose. A dose-dependent nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 inhibitory effects were obtained. Also, they suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Likewise, Bt and Ht have significantly reduced edema in the paws of mice after carrageenan injection. These results suggested that the Luobuma teas polysaccharides can be explored as potential antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, PMB, 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Nabi Ahmad
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yatong Qu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China.
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Romero-Benavides JC, Guaraca-Pino E, Duarte-Casar R, Rojas-Le-Fort M, Bailon-Moscoso N. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L.: Ancestral Andean Food Security and Modern Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1728. [PMID: 38139854 PMCID: PMC10747716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The species Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L. are Andean staples, part of the traditional diet and gastronomy of the people of the highlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile, with several ethnopharmacological uses, among them anticancer applications. This review aims to present updated information on the nutritional composition, phytochemistry, and antimicrobial and anticancer activity of Quinoa and Amaranth. Both species contribute to food security due to their essential amino acid contents, which are higher than those of most staples. It is highlighted that the biological activity, especially the antimicrobial activity in C. quinoa, and the anticancer activity in both species is related to the presence of phytochemicals present mostly in leaves and seeds. The biological activity of both species is consistent with their phytochemical composition, with phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and peptides being the main compound families of interest. Extracts of different plant organs of both species and peptide fractions have shown in vitro and, to a lesser degree, in vivo activity against a variety of bacteria and cancer cell lines. These findings confirm the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of both species, C. quinoa having more reported activity than A. hybridus through different compounds and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
| | - Evelyn Guaraca-Pino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
- Maestría en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Duarte-Casar
- Tecnología Superior en Gestión Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador; (R.D.-C.); (M.R.-L.-F.)
| | - Marlene Rojas-Le-Fort
- Tecnología Superior en Gestión Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador; (R.D.-C.); (M.R.-L.-F.)
| | - Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
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Li C, Zhou Y, Yuan M, Yang Y, Song R, Xu G, Chen G. Astaxanthin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanoparticles ameliorate ulcerative colitis through antioxidant effects. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1267274. [PMID: 38024351 PMCID: PMC10665485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1267274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Astaxanthin (AST) is a type of carotenoid with strong antioxidant effects. However, the development and use of AST are limited by its water insolubility and low bioavailability. This study aims to investigate whether AST@PLGA can inhibit UC and reveal its possible mechanism. Methods We tested the particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of AST@PLGA. Then, the in vitro release and antioxidant capacity of AST@PLGA were tested. Finally, the mouse model of colitis was established and SOD, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and P38 as well as ERK were detected from mice. Results Particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of AST @PLGA were 66.78 ± 0.64 nm, 0.247 and -9.8 ± 0.53 mV, respectively, and were stable within 14 days. Then, it was observed that the AST@PLGA nanoparticles not only maintained the effect of AST but also had a sustained release effect. Experiments in mice showed that AST@PLGA effectively reduced MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and increased SOD levels. AST@PLGA also downregulated the protein expression of P38 and ERK. The results showed the positive protective effect of AST@PLGA in inhibiting acute colitis. Discussion AST@PLGA nanoparticles have good stability and alleviating effect in colitis, which could be functional foods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Liu J, Song J, Gao F, Chen W, Zong Y, Li J, He Z, Du R. Extraction, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus vaninii with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6081. [PMID: 37630334 PMCID: PMC10459065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain homogeneous Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, a response surface method (RSM) was used to compare the polysaccharide extraction rate of hot water extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction from Sanghuangporus vaninii. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined as follows: an extraction temperature of 60 °C, an extraction time of 60 min, a solid-liquid ratio of 40 g/mL, and an ultrasonic power of 70 W. An SVP (Sanghuangporus vaninii polysaccharides) extraction rate of 1.41% was achieved. Five homogeneous monosaccharides were obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation with diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE) and SephadexG-100 separation and purification. The five polysaccharides were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, the ultraviolet spectrum, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, TG (thermogravimetric analysis), the Zeta potential, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The five polysaccharides had certain levels of antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, we the investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides derived from Sanghuangporus vaninii on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. Further, we found that SVP-60 significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and promoted the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Our study provides theoretical support for the potential application of Sanghuangporus vaninii in the field of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinyue Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Fusheng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China
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M'sakni NH, Alsufyani T. Part B: Improvement of the Optical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bio-Composite Films by Ex Situ Incorporation of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Chaetomorpha linum. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092148. [PMID: 37177295 PMCID: PMC10180543 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was used in the context of realigning novel low-cost materials for their better and improved optical properties. Emphasis was placed on the bio-nanocomposite approach for producing cellulose/starch/silver nanoparticle films. These polymeric films were produced using the solution casting technique followed by the thermal evaporation process. The structural model of the bio-composite films (CS:CL-CNC7:3-50%) was developed from our previous study. Subsequently, in order to improve the optical properties of bio-composite films, bio-nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) ex situ at various concentrations (5-50% w/w). Characterization was conducted using UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the structure-property relationships. The FTIR analysis indicated a reduction in the number of waves associated with the OH functional groups by adding AgNPs due to the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the bio-composite matrix and the CL-WE-AgNPs. Based on mathematical equations, the optical bandgap energy, the energy of Urbach, the edge of absorption (Ed), and the carbon clusters (N) were estimated for CS:CL-CNC and CS:CL-CNC-AgNPs (5-50%) nanocomposite films. Furthermore, the optical bandgap values were shifted to the lower photon energy from 3.12 to 2.58 eV by increasing the AgNPs content, which indicates the semi-conductor effect on the composite system. The decrease in Urbach's energy is the result of a decrease in the disorder of the biopolymer matrix and/or attributed to an increase in crystalline size. In addition, the cluster carbon number increased from 121.56 to 177.75, respectively, from bio-composite to bio-nanocomposite with 50% AgNPs. This is due to the presence of a strong H-binding interaction between the bio-composite matrix and the AgNPs molecules. The results revealed that the incorporation of 20% AgNPs into the CS:CL-CNC7:3-50% bio-composite film could be the best candidate composition for all optical properties. It can be used for potential applications in the area of food packaging as well as successfully on opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Houda M'sakni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Science, Monastir University, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Taghreed Alsufyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveal the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot L. at Different Anthesis Stages. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020216. [PMID: 36837835 PMCID: PMC9960708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot L. (HSK) is a rare and endangered species in the wild that grows on the cliffs of deep mountains. As a natural plant, the chemical composition of HSK is relatively complex, which mainly includes flavonoids, organic acids, polysaccharides, and various trace elements with good effects of clearing away heat, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and calming nerves, and inhibiting tumor cells. In this experiment, different developmental stages of HSK flowers were used for optimization of the flavonoid extraction and determining method. The antioxidant activities, flavonoid accumulation pattern, and synthesis regulatory network were analyzed using biochemistry, RNA-seq, and UPLC-MS/MS. The total content of flavonoids, vitexin rhamnoside, hyperoside, and rutin in HSK flowers at T3 stage (flower wilting) was significantly higher than in T2 (full flowering) and T1 (bud) stages. Compared with T1 and T2, the antioxidant capacity of the T3 flower alcohol extract was also the strongest, including the total reducing ability, DPPH clearance, OH clearance, O2- clearance, and total antioxidant capacity. A total of 156 flavonoids and 47,179 unigenes were detected by UPLC-MS/MS and RNA-Seq, respectively. The candidate genes and key metabolites involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified and the regulatory networks were also analyzed in this study. qRT-PCR test further proved that the gene expression level was consistent with the results of RNA sequence data. The relationship between the gene expression and flavonoid accumulation network provides a theoretical basis for the mining and regulation of functional genes related to the flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism in Abelmoschus manihot L.
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Pozzobon RG, Rutckeviski R, Carlotto J, Schneider VS, Cordeiro LMC, Mancarz GFF, de Souza LM, Mello RG, Smiderle FR. Chemical Evaluation of Liquidambar styraciflua L. Fruits Extracts and Their Potential as Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010360. [PMID: 36615553 PMCID: PMC9822488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquidambar styraciflua L. is an aromatic species, popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, coughs, and skin sores. The present study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and biological potential of extracts obtained from the fruits of this plant. For the chemical evaluation, it was used mainly liquid and gas chromatography, plus NMR, and colorimetric methods. The aqueous extract (EA) originated two other fractions: an aqueous (P-EA) and an ethanolic (S-EA). The three extracts were composed of proteins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates in different proportions. The analyses showed that the polysaccharide extract (P-EA) contained pectic polysaccharides, such as acetylated and methyl esterified homogalacturonans together with arabinogalactan, while the fraction S-EA presented phenolic acids and terpenes such as gallic acid, protocathecuic acid, liquidambaric acid, combretastatin, and atractyloside A. EA, P-EA, and S-EA showed antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.64 µg/mL, 16.45 µg/mL, and 3.67 µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity followed the sequence S-EA > EA > P-EA, demonstrating that the toxic compounds were separated from the non-toxic ones by ethanol precipitation. While the fraction S-EA is very toxic to any cell line, the fraction P-EA is a promising candidate for studies against cancer due to its high toxicity to tumoral cells and low toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela G. Pozzobon
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata Rutckeviski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliane Carlotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. Schneider
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M. C. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro M. de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Guetter Mello
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Fhernanda Ribeiro Smiderle
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80240-020, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-41-33101035
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Zhao W, Yang A, Wang J, Huang D, Deng Y, Zhang X, Qu Q, Ma W, Xiong R, Zhu M, Huang C. Potential application of natural bioactive compounds as skin-whitening agents: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6669-6687. [PMID: 36204978 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanin is a skin pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. The accumulation or over production of melanin can lead to aesthetic problems as well as serious diseases associated with hyperpigmentation. Skin lightening is described as the procedure of using natural or synthetic products to lighten the skin tone or provide an even skin complexion by reducing the amount of melanin in the skin; therefore, skin lightening products help people to treat their skin problems. Ingredients such as hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, and retinoic acid were used as whitening agents to lighten the skin. However, they have many adverse effects on the skin and body health, such as skin irritation. AIM In this review, firstly, discuss on the directly/indirectly target melanogenesis-related signal pathways. Secondly, summarize potential natural bioactive ingredients with skin lightening properties from plants, marine organisms, microorganisms. Finally, the remaining problems and future challenges are also discussed. METHODS For relevant literature, a literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and Web of Science. Natural bioactive compounds, tyrosinase inhibitors, and other related topics were researched and evaluated. RESULTS Natural products isolated from plant and animal resources are potential active cosmetic candidates for lightening the skin tone and skin whitening and protection against UV irradiation. Natural bioactive ingredients as cosmetic whitening additives have attracted increasingly attention due to their safety and cost effectiveness, with few side effects. CONCLUSION Although natural active substances have been advocated for use in whitening cosmetics in recent years, there are still many challenges due to the fact that traditional inhibitors are used perennial in cosmetics which cannot be easily changed and the research on natural active substances is still in its infancy. In the future, by improving the extraction technique of natural extracts, it is achieved to give a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients of the extracts, to determine the effect of the active components of action, and to find the substances that have the best possible whitening effect in natural organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang OSM Group Co., Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Yankang Deng
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Qingli Qu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, China
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Preparation and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro of Fermented Tremella fuciformis Extracellular Polysaccharides. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at increasing the capacity of fermented Tremella fuciformis extracellular polysaccharides (TEPS) for possible functional food applications. Thus, strain varieties, fermentation parameters and purification conditions, and the in vitro antioxidant activities of purified EPS fractions were investigated. An EPS high-yield strain Tf526 was selected, and the effects of seven independent fermentation factors (time, temperature, initial pH, inoculum size, shaking speed, carbon, and nitrogen source) on the EPS yield were evaluated. By single factor optimization test, yeast extract and glucose were chosen as nitrogen sources and carbon sources, respectively, and with initial pH of 6.0, inoculum size of 8%, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and culture at 25 °C for 72 h, the optimal yield of TEPS reached 0.76 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Additionally, A-722MP resin showed the most efficient decoloration ratio compared to six other tested resins. Furthermore, optimal decoloration parameters of A-722MP resin were obtained as follows: decoloration time of 2 h, resins dosage of 2 g, and temperature of 30 °C. Decoloration ratio, deproteinization ratio, and polysaccharide retention ratio were 62.14 ± 2.3%, 81.21 ± 2.13%, and 73.42 ± 1.96%, respectively. Furthermore, the crude TEPS was extracted and four polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified as Tf1-a, Tf1-b, Tf2, and Tf3 by the DEAE-Sepharose FF column and the Sephasryl S100 column. In general, the antioxidant activities of the Lf1-a and Lf1-b were lower compared with Vc at the concentration of 0.1 to 3 mg/mL, but the FRAP assay, DPPH scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity analysis still revealed that Tf1-a and Tf1-b possess significant antioxidant activities in vitro. At the concentration of 3 mg/mL, the reducing power of Lf1-a and Lf1-b reached 0.86 and 0.70, the maximum DPPH radical were 54.23 ± 1.68% and 61.62 ± 2.73%, and the maximum hydroxyl radicals scavenging rates were 58.76 ± 2.58% and 45.81 ± 1.79%, respectively. Moreover, there were significant correlations (r > 0.8) among the selected concentrations and antioxidant activities of TEPS major fractions Tf1-a and Tf1-b. Therefore, it is expected that Tf1-a and Tf1-b polysaccharide fractions from fermented TEPS may serve as active ingredients in functional foods.
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Abubakar AS, Huang X, Birhanie ZM, Gao G, Feng X, Yu C, Chen P, Chen J, Chen K, Wang X, Zhu A. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Various Organic Extracts from Apocynum hendersonii (Hook.f.) Woodson. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151964. [PMID: 35956439 PMCID: PMC9370764 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apocynum hendersonii is a traditional medicinal plant used primarily as tea. It has a potential health benefit from its rich bioactive substances. This study investigated the reactivity of solvents of different polarities (ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, and water) extracts of the A. hendersonii leaf. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was evaluated using a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), UHPLC-MS, and Higher Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result revealed the presence of medicinally important bioactive constituents, including phenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Methanol extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid contents (20.11 ± 0.85 mg QE/g DW) and the second-highest in terms of phenolic (9.25 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g DW) and polysaccharide (119.66 ± 2.65 mg GE/g DW). It also had the highest antioxidant capacity with 60.30 ± 0.52% and 4.60 ± 0.02 µmol Fe2+ per g DW based on a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively. Ethanol extract displayed the maximum antibacterial action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the highest inhibition activity against the enzymes tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase, followed by methanol extract. The principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between the constituents, bioactivities, and extracts. The overall result showed A. hendersonii as a rich natural source of antimicrobial and antioxidant bioactive compounds and may be used for future applications in pharmaceuticals and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Ziggiju Mesenbet Birhanie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (A.S.A.); (X.H.); (Z.M.B.); (G.G.); (X.F.); (C.Y.); (P.C.); (J.C.); (K.C.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-173-7588-1728
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Sorourian R, Khajehrahimi AE, Tadayoni M, Azizi MH, Hojjati M. Structural characterization and cytotoxic, ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) seeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Enhanced Biological Activities of Exopolysaccharide from Halomonas desertis G11: Biochemical and Genomic Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213798. [PMID: 34771355 PMCID: PMC8588121 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a native exopolysaccharide (nEPS) produced by Halomonas desertis G11 isolated from a Tunisian extreme environment was modified by gamma irradiation. Characterization as well as the antioxidant and antitumor activities of nEPS and its gamma-irradiated derivatives (iEPSs) were comparatively evaluated. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials were determined by using different methods and through different antioxidant enzymes. The antitumor activity was checked against a human colon cancer cell line. Analyses of the complete genome sequence were carried out to identify genes implicated in the production of nEPS. Thus, the genomic biosynthesis pathway and the export mechanism of nEPS were proposed. Analyses of irradiation data showed that iEPSs acquired new functional groups, lower molecular weights, and gained significantly (p < 0.05) higher antioxidant and antitumor abilities compared with nEPS. These findings provide a basis for using iEPSs as novel pharmaceutical agents for human therapies.
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Montone AMI, Papaianni M, Malvano F, Capuano F, Capparelli R, Albanese D. Lactoferrin, Quercetin, and Hydroxyapatite Act Synergistically against Pseudomonas fluorescens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179247. [PMID: 34502150 PMCID: PMC8431635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is an opportunistic, psychotropic pathogen that can live in different environments, such as plant, soil, or water surfaces, and it is associated with food spoilage. Bioactive compounds can be used as antimicrobials and can be added into packaging systems. Quercetin and lactoferrin are the best candidates for the development of a complex of the two molecules absorbed on bio combability structure as hydroxyapatite. The minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) of single components and of the complex dropped down the single MIC value against Pseudomonas fluorescens. Characterization analysis of the complex was performed by means SEM and zeta-potential analysis. Then, the synergistic activity (Csyn) of single components and the complex was calculated. Finally, the synergistic activity was confirmed, testing in vitro its anti-inflammatory activity on U937 macrophage-like human cell line. In conclusion, the peculiarity of our study consists of optimizing the specific propriety of each component: the affinity of lactoferrin for LPS; that of quercetin for the bacterial membrane. These proprieties make the complex a good candidate in food industry as antimicrobial compounds, and as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Michela Immacolata Montone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.I.M.); (F.M.); (D.A.)
- Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marina Papaianni
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Malvano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.I.M.); (F.M.); (D.A.)
| | - Federico Capuano
- Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Donatella Albanese
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.I.M.); (F.M.); (D.A.)
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Park SJ, Sharma A, Lee HJ. A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant Activities of a Third-Millennium Food: Amaranthus spp. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1236. [PMID: 33291467 PMCID: PMC7762149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) plant commonly refers to the sustainable food crop for the 21st century. The crop has witnessed significant attention in recent years due to its high nutritional value and agronomic advantages. It is a relatively well-balanced cosmopolitan food that is a protector against chronic diseases. Usually, the antioxidant activities of amaranth are held responsible for its defensive behavior. Antioxidant activity of plants, generally, is attributed to their phytochemical compounds. The current interest, however, lies in hydrolysates and bioactive peptides because of their numerous biological functions, including antioxidant effect. While the importance of bioactive peptides has been progressively recognized, an integrated review of recent studies on the antioxidant ability of amaranth species, especially their hydrolysates and peptides has not been generated. Hence, in this review, we summarize studies focused on the antioxidant capacity of amaranth renewal over the period 2015-2020. It starts with a background and overall image of the amaranth-related published reviews. The current research focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and chemical assays-based antioxidant activity of different amaranth species are addressed. Finally, the last segment includes the latest studies concerning free radical scavenging activity and metal chelation capacity of amaranth protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (A.S.)
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (A.S.)
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
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