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Romero-Gomez P, Salalila A, Deng ZD, Peyreder R. Feasibility study for test rig assessments of fish passage conditions in a Kaplan turbine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26846. [PMID: 38486760 PMCID: PMC10937555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The assessment of fish passage conditions in hydroelectric turbines consists of identifying and quantifying physical magnitudes leading to increased risks of injury of fish passing through turbines in operation. Such assessments are usually carried out either with the use of computer-based methods during design or with field testing of live fish and sensors passing through prototypes. A method in between consists of test rig experimentation, which is critical for testing fish-focused design concepts and offers the opportunity for implementing the most effective design measures for improved fish survivability. However, fish-related assessments in test rigs are not sufficiently documented for industrial applications. This work presents the main findings of an experimental campaign to quantify fish-related hydraulic magnitudes in a physical model of a Kaplan turbine in a commercial test rig. Two operating conditions were tested by releasing miniaturized autonomous sensor devices (termed Sensor Fish Mini) at the turbine intake flow, passing them through the runner in motion and recovering them at the draft tube exit. During passage, time series of acceleration, absolute pressure and rotational velocity were recorded. The recordings were then interpreted to determine the magnitude and likely location of hydraulic stressors hazardous to fish. The statistical tests on the reported measurements indicated that low pressure, collisions on the runner and rotations in the draft tube were not different between the two tested operating points. On the other hand, pressure drop and collision rates on the distributor differed considerably as a function of net head. The outcomes of this investigation showed that test rig evaluations of fish-related properties with Sensor Fish Mini can contribute to an evidence-based development of turbine geometries designed for providing safer passage conditions. Future work will investigate the scaling of test rig measurements to hydraulically equivalent magnitudes in the prototype and their biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aljon Salalila
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Z. Daniel Deng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Kerr JR, Castro ALF, Melo NO, Daniels JA, Holgate A, Dolman LA, Silva LGM, Kemp PS. The effects of simulated hydropower turbine rapid decompression on two Neotropical fish species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166770. [PMID: 37660813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Barotrauma is a major cause of injury and mortality of fish as they pass through hydropower turbines. Current understanding of hydropower related barotrauma is biased towards northern temperate and southern subtropical species with single chambered swim bladders, specifically North American and Australian species, respectively. Today, unprecedented hydropower development is taking place in Neotropical regions where many species have complex multi-chambered swim bladder architecture. This study investigated barotrauma in two dual-chambered physostomous Neotropical fish (pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, and piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus) exposed to rapid (< 1 s) decompression at different Ratios of Pressure Change (RPC), using a hypo-hyperbaric chamber. The incidence and intensity (percentage surface area of organ affected) of injury and physiological and behavioural response (hereafter just response) of each species immediately after decompression was assessed. Twenty-two injury types (e.g. gill haemorrhage and exophthalmia) and eight response categories (e.g. rising to the surface and loss of orientation) were identified and the influence of: 1) species, 2) RPC, and 3) swim bladder rupture on each was quantified. There was considerable interspecific difference with emboli type injuries occurring more frequently in piracanjuba, but injury intensity tending to be higher in pacu. Both swim bladder chambers tended to rupture in piracanjuba but only the anterior chamber in pacu. RPC was positively correlated with response, incidence and intensity of several injury types for both species with some injuries occurring at very low RPC (e.g. 50 % probability of swim bladder rupture at 2.2 and 1.75 for piracanjuba and pacu, respectively). Multiple responses (e.g. loss of orientation) and injuries (e.g. eye haemorrhage) were correlated with swim bladder rupture suggesting gas venting into the body cavity likely causes secondary injury. When directly comparing our results with those available in the published literature, both pacu and piracanjuba appear to be more susceptible to barotrauma than previously studied subtropical and temperate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kerr
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7QF, United Kingdom.
| | - A L F Castro
- Molecular Ecology & Ichthyology Lab, Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Frei Orlando 170, 36307-352 São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - N O Melo
- Molecular Ecology & Ichthyology Lab, Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Frei Orlando 170, 36307-352 São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - J A Daniels
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
| | - A Holgate
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
| | - L A Dolman
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
| | - L G M Silva
- Stocker Lab, Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH-Zurich, Zurich 8046, Switzerland
| | - P S Kemp
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
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Peluso LM, Mateus L, Penha J, Bailly D, Cassemiro F, Suárez Y, Fantin-Cruz I, Kashiwaqui E, Lemes P. Climate change negative effects on the Neotropical fishery resources may be exacerbated by hydroelectric dams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154485. [PMID: 35283123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is now recognized as a reality and along with human pressures such as river fragmentation by dams, amplifies the threats to freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity. In the Brazilian portion of the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB) that encompasses the Pantanal, one of the largest tropical wetlands in the world, in addition to the high biodiversity found there, fisheries are an important ecosystem service mostly supported by migratory fishes. We estimated the current range of migratory fish of commercial interest, also assessing the climate change effects predicted on the distribution patterns. Then, we assessed the effects of future climate on fish richness, and combining species ranges with routes blocked by artificial dams investigated possible impacts on fishery and food security in the UPRB. Climate change will induce range contraction between 47% and 100% for the species analyzed, and only four migratory fish may have suitable habitat until the end-of-century. The local richness will reduce about 85% in the basin. River fragmentation by dams acting together with climate change will prevent upstream shifts for most fish species. About 4% of present range and up to 45% of future range of migratory fish should be blocked by dams in UPRB. Consequently, this will also negatively affect fishery yield and food security in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moura Peluso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Mateus
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Manejo de Recursos Pesqueiros, Centro de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jerry Penha
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Manejo de Recursos Pesqueiros, Centro de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Dayani Bailly
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Yzel Suárez
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ibraim Fantin-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Elaine Kashiwaqui
- Grupo de Estudos em Ciências Ambientais e Educação, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lemes
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia da Conservação, Centro de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Mueller M, Knott J, Pander J, Geist J. Experimental comparison of fish mortality and injuries at innovative and conventional small hydropower plants. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mueller
- Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Josef Knott
- Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Joachim Pander
- Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
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Radinger J, van Treeck R, Wolter C. Evident but context-dependent mortality of fish passing hydroelectric turbines. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13870. [PMID: 34844282 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, policies aiming for conservation of species, free-flowing rivers, and promotion of hydroelectricity as renewable energy and as a means to decarbonize energy systems generate trade-offs between protecting freshwater fauna and development of hydropower. Hydroelectric turbines put fish at risk of severe injury during passage. Therefore, comprehensive, reliable analyses of turbine-induced fish mortality are pivotal to support an informed debate on the sustainability of hydropower (i.e., how much a society is willing to pay in terms of costs incurred on rivers and their biota). We compiled and examined a comprehensive, global data set of turbine fish-mortality assessments involving >275,000 individual fish of 75 species to estimate mortality across turbine types and fish species. Average fish mortality from hydroelectric turbines was 22.3% (95% CI 17.5-26.7%) when accounting for common uncertainties related to empirical estimates (e.g., handling- or catch-related effects). Mortality estimates were highly variable among and within different turbine types, study methods, and taxa. Technical configurations of hydroelectric turbines that successfully reduce fish mortality and fish-protective hydropower operation as a global standard could balance the need for renewable energy with protection of fish biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Radinger
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruben van Treeck
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Inland Fisheries e.V. Potsdam-Sacrow, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Wolter
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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Shultz S, Britnell JA, Harvey N. Untapped potential of physiology, behaviour and immune markers to predict range dynamics and marginality. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16446-16461. [PMID: 34938448 PMCID: PMC8668750 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking environmental conditions to the modulators of individual fitness is necessary to predict long-term population dynamics, viability, and resilience. Functional physiological, behavioral, and reproductive markers can provide this mechanistic insight into how individuals perceive physiological, psychological, chemical, and physical environmental challenges through physiological and behavioral responses that are fitness proxies. We propose a Functional Marginality framework where relative changes in allostatic load, reproductive health, and behavior can be scaled up to evidence and establish causation of macroecological processes such as local extirpation, colonization, population dynamics, and range dynamics. To fully exploit functional traits, we need to move beyond single biomarker studies to develop an integrative approach that models the interactions between extrinsic challenges, physiological, and behavioral pathways and their modulators. In addition to providing mechanistic markers of range dynamics, this approach can also serve as a valuable conservation tool for evaluating individual- and population-level health, predicting responses to future environmental change and measuring the impact of interventions. We highlight specific studies that have used complementary biomarkers to link extrinsic challenges to population performance. These frameworks of integrated biomarkers have untapped potential to identify causes of decline, predict future changes, and mitigate against future biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Shultz
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jake A. Britnell
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Chester ZooUpton‐By‐ChesterUK
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Chester ZooUpton‐By‐ChesterUK
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