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De Mulder T, Adams H, Dewit T, Molenaers G, Van Campenhout A, Desloovere K. A Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Verbal and Virtual Reality Feedback on Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:524. [PMID: 38790520 PMCID: PMC11120472 DOI: 10.3390/children11050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Different types of feedback are used during gait training in children with cerebral palsy (CP), including verbal (VB) and virtual reality (VR) feedback. Previous studies on VR feedback showed positive effects on the targeted gait parameter. However, both positive and negative side effects on other parameters were seen as well. The literature on the effect of VB feedback is lacking and, to our knowledge, both feedback methods have not yet been compared. In this monocentric study with a single-session intervention protocol, children with CP completed a training session on the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) and received both VB and VR feedback on hip extension, in randomized order. Outcome parameters were continuous gait curves of sagittal kinematics and hip kinetics, specific features of hip angle and moment, sagittal gait variable scores and gait profile scores. Improvement of the targeted gait parameter was seen both after VB and VR feedback, with a small advantage for VR over VB feedback. Furthermore, positive side effects on knee and ankle sagittal kinematics were seen. However, the overall gait profile score did not improve, most likely due to negative compensatory strategies. In conclusion, children with CP can adapt gait in response to both VB and VR feedback, with VR feedback producing a slightly better effect. Due to secondary effects on parameters other than the targeted parameter, the overall gait did not improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine De Mulder
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.A.); (T.D.); (G.M.); (A.V.C.); (K.D.)
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Kashif M, Albalwi A, Mehdi Kazmi SA, Alharbi AA, Bashir K, Aqeel Aslam M, Ghaffar T. Role of telerehabilitation in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy during COVID-19: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37214. [PMID: 38428904 PMCID: PMC10906599 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have limited mobility and are unable to actively participate in tasks that are part of their daily living. Thus, continuous therapeutic sessions are required to keep such individuals active and engaged in the environment. Due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, rehabilitation for children with CP was inhibited which consequently put them at risk of losing their functional gains which were obtained through previous in-person therapies. In order to avoid this, an alternate to conventional therapy was required and this rendered it necessary to review the role of telerehabilitation (TR) and its various modes for the rehabilitation of children with CP. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of TR for children with CP during COVID-19 through the present literature and to determine if TR is an alternate to conventional physical therapy in children with CP during the coronavirus outbreak. This scoping review was conducted by searching different databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, Medline, and Google Scholar on the basis of inclusion criteria. Screening was performed from January 2019 to June 2022 and the initial screening attempt returned 469 studies. After applying the aforementioned criteria, all impertinent studies were excluded which resulted in 28 studies being included for this review as they contained information about the effectiveness of TR on children with CP during COVID-19. These 28 articles included randomised controlled trials, surveys, reviews, clinical trials, case reports, prospective studies, editorials, and longitudinal studies. Three out of the 7 randomised controlled trial studies revealed that action observation treatment can be a useful approach for TR in child with CP during similar pandemics. The other 3 studies supported the use of computer-based games, robots, nonimmersive virtual reality, and wearable haptic devices as a significant means of TR in child with CP as an alternate to routine therapy during COVID-19. TR is an affable mode of rehabilitation specifically for the pediatric population. In the future, it can be an alternate to routine therapy for those who are unlikely to get daily access to in-person therapeutic sessions due to various reasons or circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Physical Therapy, Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Albalwi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Abid Mehdi Kazmi
- Department of Clinical Services, Ziauddin Group of Hospitals, Ziauddin University & Hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad A. Alharbi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Bashir
- Department of Physical Therapy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamjeed Ghaffar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Benelli A, Neri F, Cinti A, Pasqualetti P, Romanella SM, Giannotta A, De Monte D, Mandalà M, Smeralda C, Prattichizzo D, Santarnecchi E, Rossi S. Frequency-Dependent Reduction of Cybersickness in Virtual Reality by Transcranial Oscillatory Stimulation of the Vestibular Cortex. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1796-1807. [PMID: 37721646 PMCID: PMC10684476 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) applications are pervasive of everyday life, as in working, medical, and entertainment scenarios. There is yet no solution to cybersickness (CS), a disabling vestibular syndrome with nausea, dizziness, and general discomfort that most of VR users undergo, which results from an integration mismatch among visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular information. In a double-blind, controlled trial, we propose an innovative treatment for CS, consisting of online oscillatory imperceptible neuromodulation with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, biophysically modelled to reach the vestibular cortex bilaterally. tACS significantly reduced CS nausea in 37 healthy subjects during a VR rollercoaster experience. The effect was frequency-dependent and placebo-insensitive. Subjective benefits were paralleled by galvanic skin response modulation in 25 subjects, addressing neurovegetative activity. Besides confirming the role of transcranially delivered oscillations in physiologically tuning the vestibular system function (and dysfunction), results open a new way to facilitate the use of VR in different scenarios and possibly to help treating also other vestibular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benelli
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cinti
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Sara M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Giannotta
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - David De Monte
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Mandalà
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carmelo Smeralda
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Prattichizzo
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Siena Robotics and Systems (SiRS) Lab, Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Oto-Neuro-Tech Conjoined Lab, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Jiao Y, Dajime PF, Reading S, Zhang Y. A VR-based Treadmill Training System for Post-stroke Gait Rehabilitation . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082773 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance rehabilitation by creating simulated multiple training environments, thereby maximizing the implementation of motor learning principles. However, previous use of VR-based treadmill training to improve post-stroke gait function is limited by high cost and a lack of adherence to post-stroke gait rehabilitation principles in system design. This paper describes the development of a gait rehabilitation system that integrates treadmill gait training with VR technology to create a virtual rehabilitation setting with gait training tasks and real-time performance feedback. The proposed system targets post-stroke patients and integrates low-cost sensor and rehabilitation principles to allow remote training and maximize training efficacy.Clinical Relevance-This system is developed with an emphasis on rehabilitation and motor learning principles.
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周 德, 金 益, 陈 瑛. [The application scenarios study on the intervention of cognitive decline in elderly population using metaverse technology]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 40:573-581. [PMID: 37380399 PMCID: PMC10307614 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
China is facing the peak of an ageing population, and there is an increase in demand for intelligent healthcare services for the elderly. The metaverse, as a new internet social communication space, has shown infinite potential for application. This paper focuses on the application of the metaverse in medicine in the intervention of cognitive decline in the elderly population. The problems in assessment and intervention of cognitive decline in the elderly group were analyzed. The basic data required to construct the metaverse in medicine was introduced. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the elderly users can conduct self-monitoring, experience immersive self-healing and health-care through the metaverse in medicine technology. Furthermore, we proposed that it is feasible that the metaverse in medicine has obvious advantages in prediction and diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation, as well as assisting patients with cognitive decline. Risks for its application were pointed out as well. The metaverse in medicine technology solves the problem of non-face-to-face social communication for elderly users, which may help to reconstruct the social medical system and service mode for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- 德富 周
- 苏州市职业大学 江苏省现代企业信息化应用支撑软件工程技术研发中心(江苏苏州 215104)Suzhou Vocational University Jiangsu Province Support Software Engineering R&D Center for Modern Information Technology Application in Enterprise, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, P. R. China
| | - 益 金
- 苏州市职业大学 江苏省现代企业信息化应用支撑软件工程技术研发中心(江苏苏州 215104)Suzhou Vocational University Jiangsu Province Support Software Engineering R&D Center for Modern Information Technology Application in Enterprise, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, P. R. China
| | - 瑛 陈
- 苏州市职业大学 江苏省现代企业信息化应用支撑软件工程技术研发中心(江苏苏州 215104)Suzhou Vocational University Jiangsu Province Support Software Engineering R&D Center for Modern Information Technology Application in Enterprise, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, P. R. China
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Juan MC, Elexpuru J, Dias P, Santos BS, Amorim P. Immersive virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation: comparing hand and controller interaction. VIRTUAL REALITY 2022; 27:1157-1171. [PMID: 36475065 PMCID: PMC9715412 DOI: 10.1007/s10055-022-00722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality shows great potential as an alternative to traditional therapies for motor rehabilitation given its ability to immerse the user in engaging scenarios that abstract them from medical facilities and tedious rehabilitation exercises. This paper presents a virtual reality application that includes three serious games and that was developed for motor rehabilitation. It uses a standalone headset and the user's hands without the need for any controller for interaction. Interacting with an immersive virtual reality environment using only natural hand gestures involves an interaction that is similar to that of real life, which would be especially desirable for patients with motor problems. A study involving 28 participants (4 with motor problems) was carried out to compare two types of interaction (hands vs. controllers). All of the participants completed the exercises. No significant differences were found in the number of attempts necessary to complete the games using the two types of interaction. The group that used controllers required less time to complete the exercise. The performance outcomes were independent of the gender and age of the participants. The subjective assessment of the participants with motor problems was not significantly different from the rest of the participants. With regard to the interaction type, the participants mostly preferred the interaction using their hands (78.5%). All four participants with motor problems preferred the hand interaction. These results suggest that the interaction with the user's hands together with standalone headsets could improve motivation, be well accepted by motor rehabilitation patients, and help to complete exercise therapy at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-Carmen Juan
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julen Elexpuru
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paulo Dias
- Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Sousa Santos
- Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Amorim
- Centre Region Rehabilitation Medicine Centre Rovisco Pais (CMRRC-RP), Tocha, Portugal
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Montoro-Cárdenas D, Cortés-Pérez I, Ibancos-Losada MDR, Zagalaz-Anula N, Obrero-Gaitán E, Osuna-Pérez MC. Nintendo ® Wii Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12343. [PMID: 36231643 PMCID: PMC9566093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintendo® Wii-based therapy (NWT) is a non-immersive virtual reality therapy used to recover upper extremity (UE) motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed primarily to elucidate the effectiveness of NWT in improving UE motor and functional impaired abilities in children with CP, compared to conventional therapy or no intervention. The secondary aim was to assess if NWT is more effective when used alone or combined with conventional therapy. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted from a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, Web of Science, and CINHAL, ending in October 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials that compared NWT vs. conventional therapy or no intervention in terms of their impact on different UE impaired abilities (grip strength, tip grip strength, UE dissociated movements, functional capacity in daily living activities, gross and fine motor dexterity, and grasping ability) in children with CP. Effect size was calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Nine studies (276 participants) were included. NWT is more effective than conventional therapy at improving grip strength (SMD = 0.5, 95% CI 0.08, 0.91), tip grip strength (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.3, 1.61), and grasping ability (SMD = 0.72, 95%CI 0.14, 1.3). NWT is more effective than conventional therapy at improving functional capacity in daily living activities (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI 0.07, 1.56). For fine manual dexterity, NWT was better than no intervention (SMD = 3.12, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NWT is effective at improving various UE impaired motor skills in children with CP.
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Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Systems for Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133163. [PMID: 35804933 PMCID: PMC9264833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in cancer care, as the functioning of cancer survivors is frequently compromised by impairments that can result from the disease itself but also from the long-term sequelae of the treatment. Nevertheless, the current literature shows that only a minority of patients receive physical and/or cognitive rehabilitation. This lack of rehabilitative care is a consequence of many factors, one of which includes the transportation issues linked to disability that limit the patient’s access to rehabilitation facilities. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further shown the benefits of improving telemedicine and home-based rehabilitative interventions to facilitate the delivery of rehabilitation programs when attendance at healthcare facilities is an obstacle. In recent years, researchers have been investigating the benefits of the application of virtual reality to rehabilitation. Virtual reality is shown to improve adherence and training intensity through gamification, allow the replication of real-life scenarios, and stimulate patients in a multimodal manner. In our present work, we offer an overview of the present literature on virtual reality-implemented cancer rehabilitation. The existence of wide margins for technological development allows us to expect further improvements, but more randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the hypothesis that VRR may improve adherence rates and facilitate telerehabilitation.
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Liu W, Hu Y, Li J, Chang J. Effect of Virtual Reality on Balance Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865474. [PMID: 35548088 PMCID: PMC9081327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) therapy is popular in treating children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) as a new technology for rehabilitation. Nevertheless, no substantial evidence supporting VR therapy promotion has been developed to date. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VR therapy on balance in children with CP. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science (updated to December 30, 2021). The systematic review and meta-analysis included all randomized controlled trials that included children with CP. A total of 18 RCT studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, and meta-analysis was performed on 16 of them. Results showed that the VR intervention was beneficial for balance (SMD 0.47 [95% CI, SD 0.28, 0.66]). We concluded that VR therapy interventions for children with CP have positive effects. However, cautious implementation is needed in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyan Hu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunlin Normal University, Yunlin, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Ministry of Sports, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Li
| | - Jindong Chang
- Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jindong Chang
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Son H, Ross A, Mendoza-Tirado E, Lee LJ. Virtual Reality in Clinical Practice and Research: Viewpoint on Novel Applications for Nursing. JMIR Nurs 2022; 5:e34036. [PMID: 35293870 PMCID: PMC8968556 DOI: 10.2196/34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality is a novel technology that provides users with an immersive experience in 3D virtual environments. The use of virtual reality is expanding in the medical and nursing settings to support treatment and promote wellness. Nursing has primarily used virtual reality for nursing education, but nurses might incorporate this technology into clinical practice to enhance treatment experience of patients and caregivers. Thus, it is important for nurses to understand what virtual reality and its features are, how this technology has been used in the health care field, and what future efforts are needed in practice and research for this technology to benefit nursing. In this article, we provide a brief orientation to virtual reality, describe the current application of this technology in multiple clinical scenarios, and present implications for future clinical practice and research in nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Son
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alyson Ross
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mendoza-Tirado
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lena Jumin Lee
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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García-López H, Obrero-Gaitán E, Castro-Sánchez AM, Lara-Palomo IC, Nieto-Escamez FA, Cortés-Pérez I. Non-Immersive Virtual Reality to Improve Balance and Reduce Risk of Falls in People Diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111435. [PMID: 34827433 PMCID: PMC8615507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality in reducing falls and improving balance in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. (2) Methods: The following databases were searched: PUBMED, PEDro, Scielo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dialnet, Scopus and MEDLINE. These databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published using relevant keywords in various combinations. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. (3) Results: A total of 10 studies with a total of 537 subjects, 58.7% of which (n = 315) were men, have been included in the review. The age of the participants in these studies ranged between 55 and 80 years. Each session lasted between 30 and 75 min, and the interventions lasted between 5 and 12 weeks. These studies showed that non-immersive virtual reality is effective in reducing the number of falls and improving both static and dynamic balance in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Results after non-immersive virtual reality intervention showed an improvement in balance and a decrease in the number and the risk of falls. However, no significant differences were found between the intervention groups and the control groups for all the included studies regarding balance. (4) Conclusions: There is evidence that non-immersive virtual reality can improve balance and reduce the risk and number of falls, being therefore beneficial for people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor García-López
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (I.C.-P.)
| | - Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Carmen Lara-Palomo
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Road Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (H.G.-L.); (A.M.C.-S.); (I.C.L.-P.)
| | - Francisco Antonio Nieto-Escamez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Center for Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (CERNEP), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-950-214-628
| | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.O.-G.); (I.C.-P.)
- Granada Northeast Health District, Andalusian Health Service, Street San Miguel 2, 18500 Guadix, Spain
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