Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Its Association With Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective

Women who develop GDM present a metabolic condition similar to that found in type 2 diabetes, characterized by impaired insulin response. Due to similar pathophysiologic mechanisms found between type 2DM and GDM, there is a great interest in finding markers that will lead to the understanding of a possible common origin to both diseases. The aim of this study was to determine serum FGF21 levels in 2DM and GDM and its correlation with selected metabolic parameters.

Method

The study included 54 2DM patients and 52 nondiabetic individuals (control group 1) as well as 74 GDM women and 32 healthy pregnant controls (control group 2). Serum FGF21 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in all groups, and correlated with biochemical parameters of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (HbA1c, HOMA index, TG, and HDL cholesterol).

Results

FGF21 concentration was significantly higher in 2DM as compared with control group 1 (p < 0.01). In the 2DM group, FGF21 was positively correlated with HOMA index (p = 0.022, R = 0.398). In the GDM group, the positive relationships with FGF21 were observed with glucose (p = 0.020, R = 0.264) and TG (p = 0.013, R = 0.283) while HDL-C levels were correlated negatively (p = 0.004, R = -0.326).

Conclusion

Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in 2DM patients than those without diabetes. Moreover, serum FGF21 levels were associated with selected metabolic parameters, suggesting that it may play acrolein glucose and lipid metabolism.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Dyslipidemia

Objectives

We did this study intending to compare the efficacy of rosuvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia by validating their effect on lipid profile and the side effects.

Methodology

This study was carried out at the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Multan. Three hundred patients of both genders were included. The research approach employed a parallel-controlled, randomized study. After taking relevant history and physical examination, each patient’s fasting venous blood samples were taken and sent to the institutional laboratory to analyze glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), baseline lipid levels for cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Patients were divided into two groups based on the drug administered. One group was prescribed rosuvastatin 5 mg, and the other group was prescribed rosuvastatin 10 mg. Patients were followed up after six months to record the latest lipid profile. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 24.

Results

Patients in the two groups had similar lipid levels to start with. After six months of therapy, total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C were reduced to statistically significant levels in group two compared to group one. However, both groups showed a similar increase in serum levels of HDL-C. Patients treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin showed a slight decrease in BMI. Nine patients treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin reported myalgias compared to only one patient treated with a dose of 5 mg (p<0.005).

Conclusion

Our study concludes that both 5 mg and 10 mg of rosuvastatin exhibit the antihyperlipidemic effect, but high doses are associated with more side effects. Therefore, physicians should be aware of dose titration related to statins as it will ultimately lead to reduced cardiovascular mortality.