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Maezawa M, Ochi J, Kubota N, Kamoshida T, Fuji M, Tsukada Y. Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis after Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Rare Case Report. Intern Med 2023; 62:3515-3518. [PMID: 37779075 PMCID: PMC10749812 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1790-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An 85-year-old woman was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient was treated with dexamethasone, and the infection was cured. She later developed a low-grade fever and fell unconscious. Positivity for herpes simplex virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (HSV-DNA PCR) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, so she was diagnosed with HSV encephalitis. The patient was treated with antiviral drugs and recovered from the HSV encephalitis. This case suggests that, in patients with COVID-19 and disorders of consciousness, the possibility of HSV encephalitis should be considered along with COVID-19 encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Maezawa
- Department of Pulmology, Soka Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Junichi Ochi
- Department of Pulmology, Soka Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Mayumi Fuji
- Department of Pulmology, Soka Municipal Hospital, Japan
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3
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Zhang X, Ahn S, Qiu P, Datta S. Identification of shared biological features in four different lung cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus through RNA-seq analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1235927. [PMID: 37662846 PMCID: PMC10468990 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Understanding the biological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the development of effective therapies. This study conducts differential expression (DE) analysis, pathway analysis, and differential network (DN) analysis on RNA-seq data of four lung cell lines, NHBE, A549, A549.ACE2, and Calu3, to identify their common and unique biological features in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. DE analysis shows that cell line A549.ACE2 has the highest number of DE genes, while cell line NHBE has the lowest. Among the DE genes identified for the four cell lines, 12 genes are overlapped, associated with various health conditions. The most significant signaling pathways varied among the four cell lines. Only one pathway, "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction", is found to be significant among all four cell lines and is related to inflammation and immune response. The DN analysis reveals considerable variation in the differential connectivity of the most significant pathway shared among the four lung cell lines. These findings help to elucidate the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seungjun Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peihua Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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5
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Chen J, Song J, Dai L, Post SR, Qin Z. SARS-CoV-2 infection and lytic reactivation of herpesviruses: A potential threat in the postpandemic era? J Med Virol 2022; 94:5103-5111. [PMID: 35819034 PMCID: PMC9350099 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative pathogen for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has greatly stressed our healthcare system. In addition to severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities increase the risk of fatal disease outcomes, including chronic viral infections. Increasing cases of lytic reactivation of human herpesviruses in COVID-19 patients and vaccinated people have been reported recently. SARS-CoV2 coinfection, COVID-19 treatments, and vaccination may aggravate those herpesvirus-associated diseases by reactivating the viruses in latently infected host cells. In this review, we summarize recent clinical findings and limited mechanistic studies regarding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and different human herpesviruses that suggest an ongoing potential threat to human health in the postpandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Jiao Song
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Steven R. Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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9
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Giacobbe DR, Di Bella S, Dettori S, Brucci G, Zerbato V, Pol R, Segat L, D’Agaro P, Roman-Pognuz E, Friso F, Principe L, Lucangelo U, Ball L, Robba C, Battaglini D, De Maria A, Brunetti I, Patroniti N, Briano F, Bruzzone B, Guarona G, Magnasco L, Dentone C, Icardi G, Pelosi P, Luzzati R, Bassetti M. Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Detected on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) Samples in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Preliminary Results from Two Italian Centers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020362. [PMID: 35208817 PMCID: PMC8875622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been described in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. In the present two-center retrospective experience, we primarily aimed to assess the cumulative risk of HSV-1 reactivation detected on bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) samples in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients with worsening respiratory function. The secondary objectives were the identification of predictors for HSV-1 reactivation and the assessment of its possible prognostic impact. Overall, 41 patients met the study inclusion criteria, and 12/41 patients developed HSV-1 reactivation (29%). No independent predictors of HSV-1 reactivation were identified in the present study. No association was found between HSV-1 reactivation and mortality. Eleven out of 12 patients with HSV-1 reactivation received antiviral therapy with intravenous acyclovir. In conclusion, HSV-1 reactivation is frequently detected in intubated patients with COVID-19. An antiviral treatment in COVID-19 patients with HSV-1 reactivation and worsening respiratory function might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (E.R.-P.); (R.L.)
| | - Silvia Dettori
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giorgia Brucci
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Pol
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Ludovica Segat
- Laboratorio di Riferimento per SARS-CoV-2, Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), UCO Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Pierlanfranco D’Agaro
- Laboratorio di Riferimento per SARS-CoV-2, Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), UCO Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Erik Roman-Pognuz
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (E.R.-P.); (R.L.)
| | - Federica Friso
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.F.); (U.L.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “San Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Umberto Lucangelo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.F.); (U.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Iole Brunetti
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Nicolò Patroniti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Federica Briano
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guarona
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Laura Magnasco
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Dentone
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.); (N.P.); (P.P.)
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (E.R.-P.); (R.L.)
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (G.B.); (A.D.M.); (F.B.); (G.I.); (M.B.)
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (C.D.)
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10
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Drago F, Broccolo F, Ciccarese G. Pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rosea-like eruptions, and herpes zoster in the setting of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:586-590. [PMID: 35093476 PMCID: PMC8801905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pityriasis rosea (PR), PR-like eruptions (PR-LE), and herpes zoster have been frequently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic and following COVID-19 vaccination. PR is a self-limiting exanthematous disease and herpes zoster is a treatable condition; therefore, their occurrence does not require discontinuation of the vaccination schedule. PR-LE is a hypersensitivity reaction and is, therefore, less predictable in its course. In the case of a booster dose, the clinical manifestation may not recur, may be different from PR-LE, or may present with systemic symptoms; however, in the case of PR-LE, the possibility of mild and predominantly cutaneous adverse events should not discourage all eligible candidates from receiving and completing the COVID-19 vaccination program, as such adverse reactions represent a small risk considering the possible severe and fatal outcome of COVID-19. We emphasize the relevance of looking for any viral reactivation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who have skin eruptions. The search for viral reactivations could be useful not only for distinguishing between PR and PR-LE but also because viral reactivations may contribute to a patient's systemic inflammation and influence the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy,Corresponding author
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