Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review

A Mendelian randomization study revealed a causal link between napping and deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

BACKGROUND

Numerous individuals opt for napping to achieve adequate rest, and several studies have linked napping to various health conditions. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of napping on the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

METHODS

We used the publicly available summary statistics data sets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses for napping in individuals included in the UK Biobank as the exposure and a GWAS for DVT from the individuals included in the FinnGen Biobank as the outcome. The two-sample MR research approach was utilized to explore the causative link between napping and DVT. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data strongly related to napping were found and used as instrumental factors. Inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger regression, and weighted mode approaches were four statistical techniques.

RESULTS

There were 86 SNPs in all that were discovered to be strongly related to napping (P < 5 × 10-8, linkage disequilibrium r2 < 0.1). Consistent association between napping and DVT (IVW: odds ratio (OR) 0.508, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.280-0.921; MR-Egger regression: OR 0.988, 95% CI 0.118-8.303; weighted median estimates: OR 0.419, 95% CI 0.181-0.974; weighted mode: OR 0.442, 95% CI 0.080-2.427) suggested that napping correlated with decreased risk of DVT. There was no evidence that genetic pleiotropy affected the link between napping and DVT (MR-Egger intercept - 6.7 × 10-3; P = 0.525).

CONCLUSION

The results of the Mendelian randomization study suggested a potential causal relationship between napping and a reduced incidence of DVT.

MiR-128-3p promotes the progression of deep venous thrombosis through binding SIRT1

OBJECTIVES

This research aimed to study the effect of microRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) on deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

METHOD

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell chamber method, and flow cytometry technique were used in the cell experiments. Potential interconnection between miR-128-3p and silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was revealed by luciferase activity. The concentration of miR-128-3p and mRNA SIRT1 was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to test the predictive effect of miR-128-3p in DVT.

RESULTS

Decreased miR-128-3p expression was beneficial to cell proliferation and migration and inhibited inflammation, apoptosis, and adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The impacts of miR-128-3p on HUVECs were achieved by targeting SIRT1. MiR-128-3p was upregulated in patients with DVT, and it was of great significance in differentiating patients with DVT.

CONCLUSION

Overexpression of miR-128-3p might become a biomarker for patients with DVT.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Venous Thromboembolism: Unraveling the Emerging Association

Oxidative stress has emerged as a significant contributor to skeletal muscle atrophy, influencing cellular processes that underlie muscle wasting. This review article delves into the intricate interplay between oxidative stress and muscle atrophy, shedding light on its mechanisms and implications. We begin by outlining the fundamental concepts of oxidative stress, delineating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), their sources, and the ensuing oxidative damage to cellular components. Subsequently, we delve into skeletal muscle atrophy, elucidating its diverse forms, molecular pathways, key signaling cascades, and the role of inflammation in exacerbating muscle wasting. Bridging these concepts, we explore the connections between oxidative stress and muscle atrophy, unveiling how oxidative stress impacts muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, perturbs cellular signaling pathways, and contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. The review underscores the complexity of quantifying and interpreting oxidative stress markers, highlighting the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of oxidative stress and the presence of basal ROS levels. Addressing the specificity of oxidative stress markers, we emphasize the importance of selecting markers pertinent to muscle tissue and considering systemic influences. Standardization of experimental protocols emerges as a critical need to ensure consistency and reproducibility across studies. Looking ahead, we discuss the implications of oxidative stress in diverse scenarios, encompassing age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), muscle wasting in chronic diseases like cancer cachexia, and disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Additionally, we delve into potential therapeutic strategies, including antioxidant supplementation, exercise, pharmacological interventions, nutritional approaches, and lifestyle modifications, as avenues to mitigate oxidative stress-driven muscle atrophy. The review concludes by outlining promising future directions in this field, calling for deeper exploration of specific oxidative stress markers, understanding the temporal dynamics of oxidative stress, validation through translational studies in humans, and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. By advancing our understanding of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and skeletal muscle atrophy, this review contributes to paving the way for innovative strategies to address muscle wasting and improve muscle health.

Mechanism Study on Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Nodular Goiter

Nodular goiter has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Clinically, there has been a burgeoning interest in nodular goiter due to the risk of progression to thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine (CM) in nodular goiter. Articles were systematically retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. New evidence showed that CM exhibited multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of nodular goiter, involving hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, oxidative stress, blood rheology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, especially inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis, involving multiple signal pathways and a variety of cytokines. This review provides a scientific basis for the therapeutic use of CM against nodular goiter. Nonetheless, future studies are warranted to identify more regulatory genes and pathways to provide new approaches for the treatment of nodular goiter.