Nail-Associated Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: Habit-Tic Nail Deformity, Onychophagia, and Onychotillomania

Telemedicine in Nail Psoriasis: Validation of a New Tool to Monitor (In-Person, In-Picture, and In-Video) Nail Psoriasis Severity in Patients with Concurrent Onychophagia and Onychotillomania

INTRODUCTION

Since during the COVID-19 pandemic nail psoriasis was evaluated exclusively with teledermatology, dermatologists started to face the difficulty in rating it concurrent with other onycopathies (i.e., onychotillomania and onychophagy). Thus, we aimed to improve the existing severity scores and verify the value in different clinical settings (i.e., in person vs. teledermatology (video or picture)).

METHODS

This multicenter prospective observational study evaluated patients with nail psoriasis and screened them for onychophagy or onychotillomania in telemedicine from May 2020 to January 2021. For therapeutic purposes patients with nail psoriasis were followed and rated with the Nijmegen-Nail psoriasis Activity Index tooL (N-NAIL) for 9 months; at the same time, N-NAIL and a new dedicated index that monitor also the changes in nail dimension (Galeazzi-(G) N-NAIL) were tested for accuracy. We assessed inter- and intraobserver agreement for the three different settings (in person, video, and pictures).

RESULTS

In our cohort of 382 patients with nail psoriasis after a clinical and dermatoscopic assessment we found 20 (5.24%) patients with onychophagy and 17 (4.45%) patients with onychotillomania. Analysis of the impact of nail psoriasis on patients revealed that onycholysis and crumbing, followed by subungual hyperkeratosis, were the clinical signs that prevalently bothered patients. N-NAIL score displayed moderate intra- and interobserver agreement. Over the 9 months follow-up, N-NAIL vs. GN-NAIL displayed a solid correlation at all the examined time points, i.e., baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 months.

CONCLUSION

We created a new tool, the GN-NAIL capable of efficiently scoring nail psoriasis severity in complex cases, such as patients with onychotillomania and onychophagy, and monitor response to treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nailing the Diagnosis: Onychotillomania in Patients With Artificial Nails—An Underrecognized Phenomenon?

Artificial nails are an essential component of nail cosmetics. The artificial nails are either preformed and glued onto the existing nail plate or they are custom made by applying a polymerizing mixture to the existing nail plate and overlying the template with a paintbrush that is subsequently allowed to harden into an acrylic nail. Artificial nails require regular maintenance. Onychotillomania is a body-focused repetitive disorder in which the person is usually aware that they are picking at their nail and/or the surrounding soft tissue. A woman with onychotillomania affecting her artificial nails is described; although this may be a relatively common occurrence, additional reports of artificial nail-associated onychotillomania were not able to be retrieved from the medical literature. The woman was not only aware that she picked at her artificial nails, but also realized that the action might result in adverse events to her natural nails and the corresponding digits. She desired no interventions for her nail-associated repetitive behavior and continued to regularly visit the nail salon for the application of new artificial custom acrylic nails. The acronym ANASON is introduced to define the condition of artificial nail-associated onychotillomania.