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Virgolici B, Popescu L, Virgolici H, Stefan C, Mohora M, Timnea O. EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHILDREN. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2023; 19:221-227. [PMID: 37908888 PMCID: PMC10614586 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2023.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids have protective effects in obesity. Aim We investigated the benefits of Omega-3 fatty acids associated with antioxidant vitamins in obese children. Magnesemia and calcemia were observed in relation with other metabolic parameters, before and after the treatment. Materials and methods 60 obese children were compared with 35 normal weight children. Each obese child received daily, one pill, containing: 130mg docosahexaenoic acid, 25mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, vitamin A 200µg, vitamin D 1,25µg, vitamin E 2,5mg and vitamin C 30mg for three months. All the participants were instructed not to change their lifestyle. Results The serum values for these minerals and for 25(OH) vitamin D were lower in obese children. The obese children had insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and an imbalance of serum adipocytokines. In obese children, the body mass index was negatively correlated with calcemia (r=-0.34) and serum 25(OH) vitamin D (r=-0.33). The HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with magnesemia (r=-0.34) and serum adiponectin (r=-0.29). The treatment improved the mineral serum level, the insulin sensitivity and the adipocytokines levels. Conclusion In obese children, the intake of Omega-3 fatty acids associated with antioxidant vitamins, for three months improved calcemia and magnesemia and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Virgolici
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L.A. Popescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H.M. Virgolici
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C.D. Stefan
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. Mohora
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O. Timnea
- Romanian-American University, Bucharest, Romania
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Manolis AS. Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:399-423. [PMID: 37694779 DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230911115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity/mortality world-wide, hence preventive interventions are crucial. Observational data showing beneficial CV effects of vitamin supplements, promoted by self-proclaimed experts, have led to ~50% of Americans using multivitamins; this practice has culminated into a multi-billion-dollar business. However, robust evidence is lacking, and certain vitamins might incur harm. This two-part review focuses on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamin consumption on CVD. The evidence for indiscriminate use of multivitamins indicates no consistent CVD benefit. Specific vitamins and/or combinations are suggested, but further supportive evidence is needed. Data presented in Part 1 indicated that folic acid and certain B-vitamins may decrease stroke, whereas niacin might raise mortality; beta-carotene mediates pro-oxidant effects, which may abate the benefits from other vitamins. In Part 2, data favor the anti-oxidant effects of vitamin C and the anti-atherogenic effects of vitamins C and E, but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin D may provide CV protection, but data are conflicting. Vitamin K appears neutral. Thus, there are favorable CV effects of individual vitamins (C/D), but randomized/controlled data are lacking. An important caveat regards the potential toxicity of increased doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K). As emphasized in Part 1, vitamins might benefit subjects who are antioxidant-deficient or exposed to high levels of oxidative-stress (e.g., diabetics, smokers, and elderly), stressing the importance of targeting certain subgroups for optimal results. Finally, by promoting CV-healthy balanced-diets, we could acquire essential vitamins and nutrients and use supplements only for specific indications.
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Zhang N, Liao Y, Zhao H, Chen T, Jia F, Yu Y, Zhu S, Wang C, Zhang W, Liu X. Polycystic ovary syndrome and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110341. [PMID: 36967791 PMCID: PMC10034407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating observational studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 50 nmol/L) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the direction and causal nature remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal association between PCOS and 25OHD. METHODS A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to evaluate the causal association between PCOS and 25OHD. From the publicly available European-lineage genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for PCOS (4,890 cases of PCOS and 20,405 controls) and 25OHD (n = 417,580), we selected 11 and 102 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs), respectively. In univariate MR (uvMR) analysis, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed in the primary MR analysis and multiple sensitivity analyses were implemented. Additionally, a multivariable MR (mvMR) design was carried to adjust for obesity and insulin resistance (IR) as well. RESULTS UvMR demonstrated that genetically determined PCOS was negatively associated with 25OHD level (IVW Beta: -0.02, P = 0.008). However, mvMR found the causal effect disappeared when adjusting the influence of obesity and IR. Both uvMR and mvMR analysis didn't support the causal effect of 25OHD deficiency on risk of PCOS (IVW OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66 ~ 1.12, P = 0.280). CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted that the casual effect of PCOS on 25OHD deficiency might be mediated by obesity and IR, and failed to find substantial causal effect of 25OHD deficiency on risk of PCOS. Further observational studies and clinical trials are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wufan Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmin Liu,
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Yin X, Chen JY, Huang XJ, Lai JH, Huang C, Yao W, Li NX, Huang WC, Guo XG. Association between vitamin D serum levels and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR among non-diabetic adults in the United States: Results from NHANES 2007-2014. Front Nutr 2022; 9:883904. [PMID: 36313112 PMCID: PMC9614433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.883904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a pathological response to insulin hormone in insulin-dependent cells, is characterized by the presence of high glucose and insulin concentrations. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is one of the most used indexes to estimate insulin resistance by assessing the fasting glucose and insulin levels. An association was observed between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance, which varied in different ethnic groups, and there is some evidence that vitamin D supplementation could contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance. This study assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration and HOMA-IR in American adults aged 20 years and older, without diabetes and other chronic diseases that can influence insulin resistance. The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 were used by exploiting the free and publicly-accessible web datasets. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HOMA-IR, and a negative association was observed, which remained significant following the adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, the season of examination, current smoking, hypertension, the use of drugs which can influence insulin resistance, serum bicarbonates, triglycerides, and calcium and phosphorus levels. Only in non-Hispanic Blacks was this inverse association between vitamin D and HOMA-IR not observed in the fully adjusted model. Further studies are needed to explain the mechanisms of the observed ethnic/racial differences in the association of vitamin D levels with HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Xi Li
- Department of Psychiatric Medicine, The Mental Health College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xu-Guang Guo
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