National Hypertension Guidelines: A Review of the India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) and Future Prospects

Empowering Communities: A Review of Community-Based Outreach Programs in Controlling Hypertension in India

India's epidemiological shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) signifies the impact of healthcare advancements and changing lifestyles. Despite declines in infectious diseases, challenges related to chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have risen. Approximately one in four Indian adults has hypertension, with only 12% maintaining controlled blood pressure. To meet the 25% relative reduction target in hypertension prevalence by 2025, India must enhance treatment access and public health initiatives. A global report underscores the urgency of preventing, detecting, and managing hypertension, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India, where 188.3 million adults are estimated to have hypertension. Loss to follow-up persists in both communicable and non-communicable diseases, driven by factors such as stigma and socioeconomic barriers. Community outreach programs have proven effective, incorporating mobile health interventions, community health worker engagement, and door-to-door screenings. Hypertension management faces similar challenges, with community outreach tailored to lifestyle factors and cultural beliefs showing promise. The comprehensive strategy to control hypertension involves strengthening primary healthcare centers, promoting wellness centers, and capacitating Community Health Officers. While community-led, tech-enabled private sector interventions can screen and manage NCDs, integration with the public health system is crucial for widespread adoption and cost-effectiveness. In conclusion, tailored strategies, such as community outreach integrated into healthcare systems, are essential to address loss to follow-up and enhance health management success in both communicable and non-communicable diseases.