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Zhu J, Khan F, Khan SU, Sumelka W, Khan FU, AlQahtani SA. Computational investigation of stochastic Zika virus optimal control model using Legendre spectral method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18112. [PMID: 39103482 PMCID: PMC11300638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a computational investigation of a stochastic Zika virus along with optimal control model using the Legendre spectral collocation method (LSCM). By accumulation of stochasticity into the model through the proposed stochastic differential equations, we appropriating the random fluctuations essential in the progression and disease transmission. The stability, convergence and accuracy properties of the LSCM are conscientiously analyzed and also demonstrating its strength for solving the complex epidemiological models. Moreover, the study evaluates the various control strategies, such as treatment, prevention and treatment pesticide control, and identifies optimal combinations that the intervention costs and also minimize the proposed infection rates. The basic properties of the given model, such as the reproduction number, were determined with and without the presence of the control strategies. ForR 0 < 0 , the model satisfies the disease-free equilibrium, in this case the disease die out after some time, while forR 0 > 1 , then endemic equilibrium is satisfied, in this case the disease spread in the population at higher scale. The fundamental findings acknowledge the significant impact of stochastic phonemes on the robustness and effectiveness of control strategies that accelerating the need for cost-effective and multi-faceted approaches. In last the results provide the valuable insights for public health department to enabling more impressive mitigation of Zika virus outbreaks and management in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- School of Mathematics and Data Sciences, Changji University, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Feroz Khan
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, 2500, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, 2500, Pakistan.
| | - Wojciech Sumelka
- Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5 Street, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Farman U Khan
- Department of Mathematics, HITEC University, Taxila Cantt, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan
| | - Salman A AlQahtani
- Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Moukheiber D, Restrepo D, Cajas SA, Montoya MPA, Celi LA, Kuo KT, López DM, Moukheiber L, Moukheiber M, Moukheiber S, Osorio-Valencia JS, Purkayastha S, Paddo AR, Wu C, Kuo PC. A multimodal framework for extraction and fusion of satellite images and public health data. Sci Data 2024; 11:634. [PMID: 38879585 PMCID: PMC11180113 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, the substantial costs associated with traditional data collection pose an obstacle to facilitating decision-making in the field of public health. Satellite imagery offers a potential solution, but the image extraction and analysis can be costly and requires specialized expertise. We introduce SatelliteBench, a scalable framework for satellite image extraction and vector embeddings generation. We also propose a novel multimodal fusion pipeline that utilizes a series of satellite imagery and metadata. The framework was evaluated generating a dataset with a collection of 12,636 images and embeddings accompanied by comprehensive metadata, from 81 municipalities in Colombia between 2016 and 2018. The dataset was then evaluated in 3 tasks: including dengue case prediction, poverty assessment, and access to education. The performance showcases the versatility and practicality of SatelliteBench, offering a reproducible, accessible and open tool to enhance decision-making in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Moukheiber
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Restrepo
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Departamento de Telemática, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Sebastián Andrés Cajas
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Diego M López
- Departamento de Telemática, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, Colombia
| | - Lama Moukheiber
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mira Moukheiber
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sulaiman Moukheiber
- Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Saptarshi Purkayastha
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Atika Rahman Paddo
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chenwei Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Po-Chih Kuo
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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3
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Kumar M, Kumar S, Kumar R, Jha MK, Tiwari SN, Gupta P. Serious Concern of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in India: A Narrative Review. J Pregnancy 2024; 2024:1758662. [PMID: 38961858 PMCID: PMC11221965 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1758662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a major concern in India and highlights the multifaceted challenges posed by the Zika virus (ZIKV). The alarming increase in CZS cases in India, a condition that has serious effects on both public health and newborns, has raised concerns. This review highlights the importance of raising concern and awareness and taking preventive measures by studying the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and potential long-term consequences of CZS. The review also contributes to worldwide research and information sharing to improve the understanding and prevention of CZS. As India deals with the changing nature of CZS, this thorough review is an important tool for policymakers, health workers, and researchers to understand what is happening now, plan for what to do in the future, and work together as a team, using medical knowledge, community involvement, and study projects to protect newborns' health and reduce the public health impact of these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Kumar
- State-Viral Research and Diagnositic LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shashank Nand Tiwari
- State-Viral Research and Diagnositic LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
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Adekola HA, Ojo DA, Balogun SA, Dipeolu MA, Mohammed M, Adejo DS, Aliyu RM, Abdullahi MA, Madugu NH. The prevalence of IGM antibodies to Zika virus in pregnant women in Northern Nigeria. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:117-123. [PMID: 37264846 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in severe outcomes for both the pregnant woman and the developing fetus. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Zika virus infection among pregnant women who sought healthcare services at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were collected and analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunoassay and RT-qPCR methods, while a structured questionnaire was used to gather relevant information about the participants. RESULTS The results showed that 53 out of the 180 pregnant women tested positive for Anti-Zika IgM antibodies, which represents a 29.4% prevalence rate. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis found that only 6 out of the 53 positive samples contained Zika virus RNA. Fever and headache were the most commonly reported symptoms related to the infection. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a potential outbreak of Zika fever in Northern Nigeria emphasizing the importance for pregnant women to take precautions to avoid getting infected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D A Ojo
- Federal University of Agriculture
| | | | | | | | | | - R M Aliyu
- Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital
| | | | - N H Madugu
- Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital
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Weng SC, Zhou YX, Shiao SH. A flavivirus-inducible gene expression system that modulates broad-spectrum antiviral activity against dengue and Zika viruses. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 142:103723. [PMID: 35074522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), two mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is increasing in large parts of the world. Vaccination and medication for these diseases are unsatisfactory. Here, we developed a novel antiviral approach, using a virus-inducible gene expression system, to block virus replication and transmission. Constructs containing the smallest replication units of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) with negative-stranded DENV2 artificial genomes and genes of interest were established in an Aedes aegypti cell line, resulting in expression of target genes after DENV2 infection. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) assays confirmed the system was virus-inducible. When we used one of two apoptosis-related genes, A. aegypti michelob_x (AaMx) and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)-antagonist michelob_x-like protein (AaIMP) instead of GFP, the production of viral RNA and proteins were inhibited for all five viruses tested (DENV1-4 and ZIKV), and effector caspase activity was induced. The system thus inhibited the production of infectious virus particles in vitro, and in mosquitoes it did so after DENV2 infection. This is a novel broad-spectrum antiviral approach using a flavivirus-inducible gene-expression system, which could lead to new avenues for mosquito-borne disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Che Weng
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xian Zhou
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hong Shiao
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Vue D, Tang Q. Zika Virus Overview: Transmission, Origin, Pathogenesis, Animal Model and Diagnosis. ZOONOSES (BURLINGTON, MASS.) 2021; 1:10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017. [PMID: 34957474 PMCID: PMC8698461 DOI: 10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda. ZIKV did not entice much attention until Brazil hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics Game, where ZIKV attracted a global audience. ZIKV is a flavivirus that can be transmitted chiefly through the biting of the mosquito or sexually or by breastfeeding at a lower scale. As time passed, the recent discovery of how the ZIKV causes congenital neurodevelopmental defects, including microcephaly, makes us reevaluate the importance of ZIKV interaction with centrosome organization because centrosome plays an important role in cell division. When the ZIKV disrupts centrosome organization and mitotic abnormalities, this will alter neural progenitor differentiation. Altering the neural progenitor differentiation will lead to cell cycle arrest, increase apoptosis, and inhibit the neural progenitor cell differentiation, as this can lead to abnormalities in neural cell development resulting in microcephaly. Understanding the importance of ZIKV infection throughout the years, this review article gives an overview of the history, transmission routes, pathogenesis, animal models, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Vue
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Live Viral Vaccine Neurovirulence Screening: Current and Future Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070710. [PMID: 34209433 PMCID: PMC8310194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Live viral vaccines are one of the most successful methods for controlling viral infections but require strong evidence to indicate that they are properly attenuated. Screening for residual neurovirulence is an important aspect for live viral vaccines against potentially neurovirulent diseases. Approximately half of all emerging viral diseases have neurological effects, so testing of future vaccines will need to be rapid and accurate. The current method, the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT), shows limited translatability for human diseases and does not account for different viral pathogenic mechanisms. This review discusses the MNVT and potential alternative models, including in vivo and in vitro methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, and there are promising data indicating high levels of translatability. There is a need to investigate these models more thoroughly and to devise more accurate and rapid alternatives to the MNVT.
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Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Laan LVD, Avakame EF, Scott KA, Burris HH, Cardenas A. Associations of DNA Methylation Mortality Risk Markers with Congenital Microcephaly from Zika Virus: A Study of Brazilian Children Less than 4 Years of Age. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6208287. [PMID: 33822234 PMCID: PMC8022928 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV)-associated congenital microcephaly is an important contributor to pediatric death, and more robust pediatric mortality risk metrics are needed to help guide life plans and clinical decision making for these patients. Although common etiologies of pediatric and adult mortality differ, early life health can impact adult outcomes-potentially through DNA methylation. Hence, in this pilot study, we take an early step in identifying pediatric mortality risk metrics by examining associations of ZIKV infection and associated congenital microcephaly with existing adult DNA methylation-based mortality biomarkers: GrimAge and Zhang's mortality score (ZMS). METHODS Mortality measures were calculated from previously published HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip data from 44 Brazilian children aged 5-40 months (18 with ZIKV-associated microcephaly; 7 normocephalic, exposed to ZIKV in utero; and 19 unexposed controls). We used linear models adjusted for chronological age, sex, methylation batch and white blood cell proportions to evaluate ZIKV and mortality marker relationships. RESULTS We observed significant decreases in GrimAge-component plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1; β = -2453.06 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3652.96, -1253.16, p = 0.0002], and ZMS-site cg14975410 methylation (β = -0.06, 95% CI -0.09, -0.03, p = 0.0003) among children with microcephaly compared to controls. PAI-1 (β = -2448.70 pg/ml, 95% CI -4384.45, -512.95, p = 0.01) and cg14975410 (β = 0.01, 95% CI -0.04, 0.06, p = 0.64) results in comparisons of normocephalic, ZIKV-exposed children to controls were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that elements of previously-identified adult epigenetic markers of mortality risk are associated with ZIKV-associated microcephaly, a known contributor to pediatric mortality risk. These findings may provide insights for efforts aimed at developing pediatric mortality markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and MD/PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley,Correspondence: Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem, MD/PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Daniel C. Tosteson Medical Education Center, 260 Longwood Avenue, Suite 168, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: (+1) 617-432-0991. E-mail: <>
| | - Lars Van Der Laan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley
| | - Elorm F Avakame
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristan A Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Maternal & Child Health Research Center, Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley
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Polanco C, Uversky VN, Huberman A, Andrés L, Buhse T, Castañón-González JA, Sánchez-Guerrero AF. Bioinformatics-based Identification of Proteins Expressed by Arthropod- borne Viruses Transmitted by Aedes Aegypti Mosquito. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617999200422123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of several arthropod-borne
viruses, such as Mayaro, Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever, and Zika. These viruses cause the
death of at least 600000 people a year and temporarily disable several million more around the
world. Up to date, there are no effective prophylactic measures that would prevent the contact and
bite of this arthropod and, therefore, its consequential contagion.
Objective:
The objective of the present study was to search for the regularities of the proteins expressed
by these five viruses, at residues level, and obtain a “bioinformatic fingerprint” to select
them.
Methods:
We used two bioinformatic systems, our in-house bioinformatic system named Polarity
Index Method® (PIM®) supported at residues level, and the commonly used algorithm for the prediction
of intrinsic disorder predisposition, PONDR® FIT. We applied both programs to the 29 proteins
that express the five groups of arboviruses studied, and we calculated for each of them their
Polarity Index Method® profile and their intrinsic disorder predisposition. This information was
then compared with analogous information for other protein groups, such as proteins from bacteria,
fungi, viruses, and cell-penetrating peptides from the UniProt database, and a set of intrinsically disordered
proteins. Once the “fingerprint” of each group of arboviruses was obtained, these “fingerprints”
were searched among the 559228 “reviewed” proteins from the UniProt database.
Results:
In total, 1736 proteins were identified from the 559228 “reviewed” proteins from the
UniProt database, with similar “PIM® profile” to the 29 mutated proteins that express the five
groups of arboviruses.
Conclusion:
We propose that the “PIM® profile” of characterization of proteins might be useful for
the identification of proteins expressed by arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti
mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Polanco
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33647, United States
| | - Alberto Huberman
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leire Andrés
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Cruces, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, Mexico
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Cachay R, Schwalb A, Watanabe T, Guzman D, Jaenisch T, Guillén-Pinto D, Gotuzzo E. Case Report: Multiorgan Involvement with Congenital Zika Syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1656-1659. [PMID: 32723426 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of an infant born with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). During the largest Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Peru, the mother presented with fever and rash that were confirmed to be due to ZIKV by real-time PCR. The infant was born with severe microcephaly. Imaging revealed corpus callosum dysgenesis, lissencephaly, ventriculomegaly, and calcifications. Mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction was reported in the echocardiogram. Valgus deviation of the lower extremities and a left clubfoot were diagnosed at birth. The hip ultrasound showed incipient signs of Graf type II dysplasia. The findings confirm that CZS is a multiorgan phenotype in which microcephaly is merely the tip of the iceberg. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the evaluation of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cachay
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alvaro Schwalb
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Frumence E, Haddad JG, Vanwalscappel B, Andries J, Decotter J, Viranaicken W, Gadea G, Desprès P. Immune Reactivity of a 20-mer Peptide Representing the Zika E Glycan Loop Involves the Antigenic Determinants E-152/156/158. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111258. [PMID: 33167511 PMCID: PMC7694461 DOI: 10.3390/v12111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) causes a severe congenital syndrome and neurological disorders in humans. With the aim to develop a live-attenuated ZIKV strain, we generated a chimeric viral clone ZIKALIVax with African MR766-NIID strain as backbone and the envelope E protein of epidemic Brazilian BeH810915 strain. The MR766-NIID residues E-T152/I156/Y158 were introduced into BeH810915 E protein leading to a nonglycosylated ZIKALIVax. Recently, we reported that the residues E-152/156/158 that are part of ZIKV glycan loop (GL) region might have an impact on the availability of neutralizing antibody epitopes on ZIKV surface. In the present study, we evaluated the antigenic reactivity of a synthetic 20-mer peptide representing the ZIKALIVax GL region. The GL-related peptide was effective for the detection of GL-reactive antibody in mouse anti-ZIKALIVax immune serum. We showed that the residue E-158 influences the antigenic reactivity of GL-related peptide. The ZIKALIVax peptide was effective in generating mouse antibodies with reactivity against a recombinant E domain I that encompasses the GL region. The GL peptide-reactive antibodies revealed that antigenic reactivity of E-domain I may be impacted by both residues E-152 and E-156. In conclusion, we proposed a role for the residues E-152/156/158 as key antigenic determinants of ZIKV glycan loop region.
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Vhp L, Aragão MM, Pinho RS, Hazin AN, Paciorkowski AR, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Masruha MR. Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32880775 PMCID: PMC7468090 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In 2016, the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following a cluster of associated neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. Our aim is to review the clinical and neuroimaging findings seen in congenital Zika syndrome. Recent Findings ZIKV injures neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning, memory, cognition, and emotion/stress response. Positron emission tomography has revealed global neuroinflammation in ZIKV infection in animal models. Summary Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with a spectrum of brain abnormalities, including microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, malformations of cortical development and defective neuronal migration, corpus callosum abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, and brainstem and cerebellar abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leão Vhp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Aragão
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Pinho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A N Hazin
- Department of Radiology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - A R Paciorkowski
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Biomedical Genetics, and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Instituto de Neurociência do Espírito Santo, Fausto Vincenzo Tancredi Street, 86, Vitória, ES, 29050-270, Brazil.
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Gallo LG, Martinez-Cajas J, Peixoto HM, Pereira ACEDS, Carter JE, McKeown S, Schaub B, Ventura CV, de França GVA, Pomar L, Ventura LO, Nerurkar VR, de Araújo WN, Velez MP. Another piece of the Zika puzzle: assessing the associated factors to microcephaly in a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:827. [PMID: 32487247 PMCID: PMC7266116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy may lead to microcephaly in the fetus, the prognostic factors associated with this tragic disorder remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic factors associated with the incidence of microcephaly in congenital ZIKV infection. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub ahead of print, Embase, Embase Classic, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, and various thesis databases to identify human studies reporting microcephaly associated with congenital ZIKV infection. We requested primary data from the authors of the included studies to calculate summary estimates and conduct the meta-analysis of the most prevalent factors. RESULTS We screened 4106 titles and abstracts, and identified 12 studies for inclusion in the systematic review. The assessment of ZIKV infection and the definition of microcephaly varied among studies. A total of 6154 newborns/fetuses were enrolled; of those, 1120 (18.20%) had a diagnostic of ZIKV infection, of which 509 (45.45%) were diagnosed with microcephaly. Nine studies addressed the link between congenital ZIKV infection and neurological findings in newborns/fetuses. Half of the studies provided primary data. Three out of 11 factors of interest seem to be prognostic factors of microcephaly: infant's sex - males compared to females: Relative Risk (RR) 1.30, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.14 to 1.49; the stage of pregnancy when infection occurred - infection in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to infection at other stages of pregnancy: RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82; and asymptomatic infection compared to symptomatic infection during pregnancy: RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.77. CONCLUSION Our findings support the female-biased resistance hypothesis and reinforce the risk associated with the stage of pregnancy when ZIKV infection occurs. Continued surveillance of ZIKV infection during pregnancy is needed to identify additional factors that could contribute to developing microcephaly in affected fetuses. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration no. CRD 42018088075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Guerra Gallo
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Henry Maia Peixoto
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Jillian E Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sandra McKeown
- Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Bruno Schaub
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal de le Martinique, Maison de la Femme, de la Mère et de l'Enfant, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Camila V Ventura
- Department of Scientific Investigation, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Léo Pomar
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Département "Femme-Mère Enfant", University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana
| | - Liana O Ventura
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Maria P Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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The Cellular Impact of the ZIKA Virus on Male Reproductive Tract Immunology and Physiology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041006. [PMID: 32325652 PMCID: PMC7226248 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported by several groups as an important virus causing pathological damage in the male reproductive tract. ZIKV can infect and persist in testicular somatic and germ cells, as well as spermatozoa, leading to cell death and testicular atrophy. ZIKV has also been detected in semen samples from ZIKV-infected patients. This has huge implications for human reproduction. Global scientific efforts are being applied to understand the mechanisms related to arboviruses persistency, pathogenesis, and host cellular response to suggest a potential target to develop robust antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we discuss the cellular modulation of the immunologic and physiologic properties of the male reproductive tract environment caused by arboviruses infection, focusing on ZIKV. We also present an overview of the current vaccine effects and therapeutic targets against ZIKV infection that may impact the testis and male fertility.
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15
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Kaid C, Madi RADS, Astray R, Goulart E, Caires-Junior LC, Mitsugi TG, Moreno ACR, Castro-Amarante MF, Pereira LR, Porchia BFMM, de Andrade TO, Landini V, Sanches DS, Pires CG, Tanioka RKO, Pereira MCL, Barbosa IN, Massoco CO, Ferreira LCDS, Okamoto OK, Zatz M. Safety, Tumor Reduction, and Clinical Impact of Zika Virus Injection in Dogs with Advanced-Stage Brain Tumors. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1276-1286. [PMID: 32220305 PMCID: PMC7210722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are among the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Recently, we reported the oncolytic potential of Zika virus infecting and destroying the human central nervous system (CNS) tumors in vitro and in immunodeficient mice model. However, translating this approach to humans requires pre-clinical trials in another immunocompetent animal model. Here, we analyzed the safety of Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKVBR) intrathecal injections in three dogs bearing spontaneous CNS tumors aiming an anti-tumoral therapy. We further assessed some aspects of the innate immune and inflammatory response that triggers the anti-tumoral response observed during the ZIKVBR administration in vivo and in vitro. For the first time, we showed that there were no negative clinical side effects following ZIKVBR CNS injections in dogs, confirming the safety of the procedure. Furthermore, the intrathecal ZIKVBR injections reduced tumor size in immunocompetent dogs bearing spontaneous intracranial tumors, improved their neurological clinical symptoms significantly, and extended their survival by inducing the destruction specifically of tumor cells, sparing normal neurons, and activating an immune response. These results open new perspectives for upcoming virotherapy using ZIKV to destroy and induce an anti-tumoral immune response in CNS tumors for which there are currently no effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Junior
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Thiago Giove Mitsugi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Castro-Amarante
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Oliveira de Andrade
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Vivian Landini
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia C L Pereira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Igor Neves Barbosa
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil
| | - Cristina O Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil; Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652- 900, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL) Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 055080-090, Brazil.
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16
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Novel Approach for Insertion of Heterologous Sequences into Full-Length ZIKV Genome Results in Superior Level of Gene Expression and Insert Stability. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010061. [PMID: 31947825 PMCID: PMC7019263 DOI: 10.3390/v12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2015, presenting unique challenges to public health. Unlike other arboviruses of the Flaviviridae family, it is transmissible by sexual contact, which facilitates the spread of the virus into new geographic areas. Additionally, ZIKV can be transmitted from mother to fetus, causing microcephaly and other severe developmental abnormalities. Reliable and easy-to-work-with clones of ZIKV expressing heterologous genes will significantly facilitate studies aimed at understanding the virus pathogenesis and tissue tropism. Here, we developed and characterized two novel approaches for expression of heterologous genes of interest in the context of full-length ZIKV genome and compared them to two previously published strategies for ZIKV-mediated gene expression. We demonstrated that among the four tested viruses expressing nLuc gene, the virus constructed using a newly developed approach of partial capsid gene duplication (PCGD) attained the highest titer in Vero cells and resulted in the highest level of nLuc expression. Suitability of the PCGD approach for expression of different genes of interest was validated by replacing nLuc sequence with that of eGFP gene. The generated constructs were further characterized in cell culture. Potential applications of ZIKV clones stably expressing heterologous genes include development of detection assays, antivirals, therapeutics, live imaging systems, and vaccines.
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17
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Hossain MG, Nazir KHMNH, Saha S, Rahman MT. Zika virus: A possible emerging threat for Bangladesh! J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:575-582. [PMID: 31819889 PMCID: PMC6882728 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus, a member of Flaviviridae is the etiology of Zika or Zika fever or Zika virus (ZIKV) disease characterized by mild symptoms similar to very mild form of Dengue or Chikungunya. The virus transmits through Aedes mosquitoes, particularly by Aedes aegypti. The most dangerous effect of ZIKV infection is the ability of the virus to cause microcephaly and congenital malformation to the newborn baby if the mother is infected. The neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome might be associated with adults and children due to ZIKV infections. Zika has emerged as a serious global public health problem as it has been found in 87 countries, particularly in Africa, America, and Asia and has no vaccine and treatment so far. Bangladesh is at a high risk of ZIKV infection and we consider ZIKV as a possible emerging threat for Bangladesh. This short review summarizes the insights of ZIKV infection, present status of the disease in Bangladesh and its neighboring countries, and recommendations for necessary preparations and strategies to be taken for effective controlling of the ZIKV infection in Bangladesh before getting any havoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golzar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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18
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Sharma V, Sharma M, Dhull D, Sharma Y, Kaushik S, Kaushik S. Zika virus: an emerging challenge to public health worldwide. Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:87-98. [PMID: 31682478 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that was first isolated from Zika forest, Uganda, in 1947. Since its inception, major and minor outbreaks have been documented from several parts of world. Aedes spp. mosquitoes are the primary vectors of ZIKV, but the virus can also be transmitted through sexual practices, materno-fetal transmission, and blood transfusion. The clinical presentations of symptomatic ZIKV infections are similar to dengue and chikungunya, including fever, headache, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, conjunctivitis, and rash. ZIKV often causes mild illness in the majority of cases, but in some instances, it is linked with congenital microcephaly and autoimmune disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome. The recent Indian ZIKV outbreak suggests that the virus is circulating in the South East Asian region and may cause new outbreaks in future. At present, no specific vaccines or antivirals are available to treat ZIKV, so management and control of ZIKV infections rely mostly on preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Dhull
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sulochana Kaushik
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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19
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Atovaquone Inhibits Arbovirus Replication through the Depletion of Intracellular Nucleotides. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00389-19. [PMID: 30894466 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00389-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses represent a significant public health threat worldwide, yet there are few antiviral therapies or prophylaxes targeting these pathogens. In particular, the development of novel antivirals for high-risk populations such as pregnant women is essential to prevent devastating disease such as that which was experienced with the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas. One potential avenue to identify new and pregnancy-acceptable antiviral compounds is to repurpose well-known and widely used FDA-approved drugs. In this study, we addressed the antiviral role of atovaquone, an FDA Pregnancy Category C drug and pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor used for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections. We found that atovaquone was able to inhibit ZIKV and chikungunya virus virion production in human cells and that this antiviral effect occurred early during infection at the initial steps of viral RNA replication. Moreover, we were able to complement viral replication and virion production with the addition of exogenous pyrimidine nucleosides, indicating that atovaquone functions through the inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway to inhibit viral replication. Finally, using an ex vivo human placental tissue model, we found that atovaquone could limit ZIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner, providing evidence that atovaquone may function as an antiviral in humans. Taken together, these studies suggest that atovaquone could be a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and a potential attractive candidate for the prophylaxis or treatment of arbovirus infection in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children.IMPORTANCE The ability to protect vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children from Zika virus and other arbovirus infections is essential to preventing the devastating complications induced by these viruses. One class of antiviral therapies may lie in known pregnancy-acceptable drugs that have the potential to mitigate arbovirus infections and disease, yet this has not been explored in detail. In this study, we show that the common antiparasitic drug atovaquone inhibits arbovirus replication through intracellular nucleotide depletion and can impair ZIKV infection in an ex vivo human placental explant model. Our study provides a novel function for atovaquone and highlights that the rediscovery of pregnancy-acceptable drugs with potential antiviral effects can be the key to better addressing the immediate need for treating viral infections and preventing potential birth complications and future disease.
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20
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Hernández-Triana LM, Barrero E, Delacour-Estrella S, Ruiz-Arrondo I, Lucientes J, Fernández de Marco MDM, Thorne L, Lumley S, Johnson N, Mansfield KL, Fooks AR. Evidence for infection but not transmission of Zika virus by Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Spain. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:204. [PMID: 31053164 PMCID: PMC6500059 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) are autochthonously transmitted in Europe and six invasive mosquito species have been detected in this temperate region. This has increased the risk for the emergence of further mosquito-borne diseases. However, there is a paucity of information on whether European populations of invasive mosquito species are competent to transmit arboviruses. In this study, the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus originating from Spain and a laboratory-adapted colony of Aedes aegypti, was assessed for infection with, and transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). Vertical transmission in both species was also assessed. Methods Aedes albopictus colonised from eggs collected in Spain and an existing colony of Ae. aegypti were fed infectious blood meals containing ZIKV (Polynesian strain) at 1.6 × 107 PFU/ml. Blood-fed mosquitoes were separated and maintained at 20 °C or 25 °C. Legs, saliva and bodies were sampled from specimens at 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) in order to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates. All samples were analysed by real-time RT-PCR using primers targeting the ZIKV NS1 gene. Results At 14 dpi and 21 dpi, ZIKV RNA was detected in the bodies of both species at both temperatures. However, live virus only was detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 25 °C with a transmission rate of 44%. No evidence for virus expectoration was obtained for Ae. albopictus under any condition. Notably, ZIKV RNA was not detectable in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 20 °C after 21 days. No vertical transmission of ZIKV was detected in this study. Conclusions Experimental infection of Ae. albopictus colonized from Spain with ZIKV did not result in expectoration of virus in saliva in contrast to results for Ae. aegypti. No evidence of vertical transmission of virus was observed in this study. This suggests that this strain of Ae. albopictus is not competent for ZIKV transmission under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Elsa Barrero
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Sarah Delacour-Estrella
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Fernández de Marco
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Sarah Lumley
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU27XH, UK
| | - Karen L Mansfield
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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