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Li S, Tan I, Atkins E, Schutte AE, Gnanenthiran SR. The Pathophysiology, Prognosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Females from Pregnancy to Post-menopause: A Review. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:322-336. [PMID: 38861130 PMCID: PMC11333539 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarise the physiological changes and risk factors for hypertension in females, potential sex-specific management approaches, and long-term prognosis. KEY FINDINGS Pregnancy and menopause are two key phases of the life cycle where females undergo significant biological and physical changes, making them more prone to developing hypertension. Gestational hypertension occurs from changes in maternal cardiac output, kidney function, metabolism, or placental vasculature, with one in ten experiencing pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction and delivery complications such as premature birth. Post-menopausal hypertension occurs as the protective effects of oestrogen are reduced and the sympathetic nervous system becomes over-activated with ageing. Increasing evidence suggests that post-menopausal females with high blood pressure (BP) experience greater risk of cardiovascular events at lower BP thresholds, and greater vulnerability to treatment-related adverse effects. Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in females. Current BP treatment guidelines and recommendations are similar for both sexes, without addressing sex-specific factors. Future investigations into ideal diagnostic thresholds, BP control targets and treatment regimens in females are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Li
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Sonali R Gnanenthiran
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of NSW, Barangaroo, NSW, 2000, Australia.
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia.
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Akselrod S, Banerjee A, Collins TE, Acharya S, Artykova N, Askew I, Berdzuli N, Diorditsa S, Eggers R, Farrington J, Jakab Z, Ferreira-Borges C, Mikkelsen B, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Olsavszky V, Park K, Sobel H, Tran H, Vujnovic M, Weber M, Were W, Yaqub N, Berlina D, Dunlop CL, Allen LN. Integrating maternal, newborn, child health and non-communicable disease care in the sustainable development goal era. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1183712. [PMID: 37483915 PMCID: PMC10362386 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) are two deeply intertwined health areas that have been artificially separated by global health policies, resource allocations and programming. Optimal MNCH care can provide a unique opportunity to screen for, prevent and manage early signs of NCDs developing in both the woman and the neonate. This paper considers how NCDs, NCD modifiable risk factors, and NCD metabolic risk factors impact MNCH. We argue that integrated management is essential, but this faces challenges that manifest across all levels of domestic health systems. Progress toward Sustainable Development targets requires joined-up action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshu Banerjee
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Téa E. Collins
- Global NCD Platform, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shambhu Acharya
- Country Strategy and Support, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nazira Artykova
- WHO European Region Country Office in Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ian Askew
- Sexual and Reproductive Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nino Berdzuli
- Division of Country Health Programmes, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Diorditsa
- WHO Representative's Office, WHO European Region Country Office in Belarus, Minsk, City of Minsk, Belarus
| | - Rudolf Eggers
- Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jill Farrington
- Deputy Director-General Office, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Jakab
- Deputy Director-General Office, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carina Ferreira-Borges
- Division of Country Health Programmes, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Mikkelsen
- NCD Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- WHO European Region Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Kidong Park
- Data, Strategy and Innovation Group, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Howard Sobel
- WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Country Office in the Solomon Islands, Manila, Philippines
| | - Huong Tran
- Division of Programmes for Disease Control, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Melita Vujnovic
- WHO European Region Office for the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Weber
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Country Office in Greece, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wilson Were
- Child Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nuhu Yaqub
- Child Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daria Berlina
- Global NCD Platform, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine L. Dunlop
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke N. Allen
- Global NCD Platform, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mohammad NS, Nazli R, Zafar H, Fatima S. Effects of lipid based Multiple Micronutrients Supplement on the birth outcome of underweight pre-eclamptic women: A randomized clinical trial. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:219-226. [PMID: 35035429 PMCID: PMC8713215 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.1.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Maternal under nutrition and low birth weight babies are among the common tragedies of developing countries like Pakistan. Preeclampsia and its significant association with fetal growth restriction due to spiral arteries remodeling and trophoblastic invasion decreases nutritional supply to growing fetus added by maternal under nutrition. This study was designed to see the effects of lipid based nutritional supplements for pregnant and lactating women LNS-PLW on maternal and fetal outcome of pre-eclampsia. Methods: Sixty underweight pre-eclamptic women were randomly assigned into two study Groups from April 2018 to December 2019 at the antenatal units of the tertiary Health care facilities of Lady Reading Hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar and Civil Hospital Matta Swat, KPK Pakistan in a randomized clinical trial. Participants were on routine drugs for pre-eclampsia and Iron and Folic Acid (60mg, 400 μg) daily, while participant of Group-2 (n=30) received one sachet of Lipid based nutritional supplement for pregnant and lactating women LNS-PLW in addition daily till delivery. The birth weight, gestational age, head-circumference, and birth length of babies were measured. Results: The significant improvement found in the birth weight (p-value 0.003), gestational age (p-value 0.006), head circumference (P-value of 0.0006) and birth length (P-value of 0.0017) of babies of Group-2 women. We observed that addition of Lipid based nutritional supplement for pregnant and lactating women LNS-LPW improved the birth outcome in underweight women of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: The Prenatal supplementation of Lipid based nutritional supplement for pregnant and lactating women LNS-PLW can improve birth weight, gestational age, length and head circumference of babies of underweight preeclamptic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Sher Mohammad
- Dr. Nabila Sher Mohammad, MBBS, M.Phil Institute of Basic Medical Sciences IBMS, Khyber Medical University KMU, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Nazli
- Prof. Dr. RubinaNazli, MBBS, PGD, PhD Institute of Basic Medical Sciences IBMS, Khyber Medical University KMU, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Zafar
- Hafsa Zafar BS Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences IBMS, Khyber Medical University KMU, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Fatima
- Dr. Sadia Fatima MBBS, PGD, PhD Institute of Basic Medical Sciences IBMS, Khyber Medical University KMU, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptide (pHBSP) Corrects Endothelial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186759. [PMID: 32942669 PMCID: PMC7554893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe disease of late pregnancy. Etiological factors and a pathogenetic pattern of events still require significant clarification, but it is now recognized that a large role is played by placentation disorders and emerging endothelial dysfunction. The administration of short-chain peptides mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain may become one of the directions of searching for new drugs for preeclampsia prevention and therapy. Simulation of ADMA-like preeclampsia in Wistar rats was performed by the administration of a non-selective NOS blocker L-NAME from the 14th to 20th day of pregnancy. The administration of the pHBSP at the doses of 10 µg/kg and 250 µg/kg corrected the established morphofunctional disorders. The greatest effect was observed at a dose of 250 µg/kg. There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 31.2 and 32.8%, respectively (p < 0.0001), a decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction by 48.6% (p = 0.0006), placental microcirculation increased by 82.8% (p < 0.0001), the NOx concentration was increased by 42,6% (p = 0.0003), the greater omentum edema decreased by 11.7% (p = 0.0005) and proteinuria decreased by 76.1% (p < 0.0002). In addition, there was an improvement in the morphological pattern of the fetoplacental complex and the ratio of BAX to Bcl-2 expression which characterizes the apoptotic orientation of the cells.
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Sinkey RG, Battarbee AN, Bello NA, Ives CW, Oparil S, Tita ATN. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: a Comparison of International Guidelines. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:66. [PMID: 32852691 PMCID: PMC7773049 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP)-gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia-are a leading cause of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes internationally. Prevention, timely diagnosis, and prompt management can reduce associated morbidity. The purpose of this review is to compare international guidelines pertaining to HDP. RECENT FINDINGS Fourteen HDP guidelines were compared relative to guidelines for the United States (US) where the authors practice. Aspirin is universally recommended for high-risk women to reduce preeclampsia risk. Recommended dose and gestational age at initiation vary. Diagnoses of chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia in pregnant women are similar, although blood pressure (BP) thresholds for antihypertensive medication initiation and treatment targets vary due to the limitations in high-quality evidence. There are differences among international HDP guidelines related to dose and timing of aspirin initiation, thresholds for antihypertensive medication initiation, and BP targets. However, all guidelines acknowledge the significant morbidity associated with HDP and advocate for timely diagnosis and management to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. More research is needed to understand optimal BP thresholds at which to initiate antihypertensive medication regimens and BP targets in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Sinkey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Suite 10270, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ashley N Battarbee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Suite 10270, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalie A Bello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher W Ives
- Tinsley Harrison Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alan T N Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Suite 10270, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Golubev IV, Gureev VV, Korokin MV, Zatolokina MA, Avdeeva EV, Gureeva AV, Rozhkov IS, Serdyuk EA, Soldatova VA. Preclinical study of innovative peptides mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.55385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of innovative peptides obtained by addition of polypeptide motifs with antiaggregation activity (Arg-Gly-Asp, Lys-Gly-Asp and Pro-Gly-Pro) to a peptide mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin pHBSP (Pyr-Glu-Gln-Leu-Glu-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ser).
Materials and methods: The cytoprotective activity of innovative peptides mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin at the doses of 5 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml was studied on human endothelial cell culture in a simulated oxidative stress. An ADMA-like model of preeclampsia was simulated in the experiment. The study was conducted in 260 female Wistar rats, weighing 250–300 g.
Results and discussion: Innovative peptides mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin retain their cytoprotective activity in a simulated oxidative stress in HUVEC cell culture at the doses of 5 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml. The compounds with laboratory codes P-αB1 and P-αB3 had the most pronounced cytoprotective activity. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ether to pregnant females for 7 days causes the morphofunctional changes similar to clinical changes in preeclampsia. The innovative peptide under laboratory code P-αB4 at the dose of 50 μg/kg mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin shows the most pronounced protective properties.
Conclusion: Innovative peptides mimicking the space structure of the α-helix B of erythropoietin have a pronounced positive influence on the morphofunctional disorders in animals with ADMA-like preeclampsia.
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