1
|
Fan Y, Li X, Ma J, Yang D, Liang K, Shen Y, Wei W, Dong L, Liu C, She Z, Qi X, Shi X, Gu Q, Zheng J, Li D. Increased plasma lipocalin-2 levels are associated with nonmotor symptoms and neuroimaging features in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25303. [PMID: 38361408 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is essential for the regulation of neuroinflammation and cellular uptake of iron. This study aimed to evaluate plasma LCN2 levels and explore their correlation with clinical and neuroimaging features in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma LCN2 levels in 120 subjects. Evaluation of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients was assessed by the associated scales. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate brain volume alterations, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron deposition in 46 PD patients. Plasma LCN2 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than those in healthy controls. LCN2 levels were negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, total brain gray matter volume (GMV), and GMV/total intracranial volume (TIV) ratio, but positively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and mean QSM values of the bilateral substantial nigra (SN). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed that plasma LCN2 levels had good predictive accuracy for PD. The results suggest that plasma LCN2 levels have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PD. LCN2 may be a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and brain iron deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keke Liang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linrui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanze Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghan She
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelin Qi
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shi
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Sun T, Yu H, Luo M. Knockdown of LCN2 Attenuates Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Suppressing Pyroptosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:83-99. [PMID: 38249526 PMCID: PMC10800110 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s440065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study are to screen novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and reveal the role of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in ICH. Methods We constructed the ICH model by injection of autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia in rats. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the DEGs between ICH and sham rats, and some important ones were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). LCN shRNA was used to knockdown of LCN2 in ICH rats. Pathological examination was carried out using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry detected Caspase-3, and co-staining of Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and NEUN staining were performed for neuron apoptosis assessment. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify pyroptosis-related proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokine levels. Results ICH rats exhibited significant hematomas, higher brain water content, obvious interstitial edema, and inflammatory infiltration, as well as more apoptotic cells in brain tissues. RNA-seq analysis identified 103 upregulated and 81 downregulated DEGs. The expression of LCN2, HSPB1, CXCL10, and MEF2B were upregulated in ICH rats. ICH triggered the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-18, and promoted the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, and ASC. LCN2 knockdown attenuated the pathological characteristics of ICH, and also reduced pyroptosis in brain tissues. Conclusion Inhibition of LCN2 attenuates brain injury after ICH via suppressing pyroptosis, which provide guidance for ICH management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ito T, Degawa T, Okumura N. Brazilian green propolis prevent Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment induced by amyloid beta in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:416. [PMID: 37978479 PMCID: PMC10656927 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cognitive impairment has become a health problem in the aging society. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Brazilian green propolis-derived from Baccharis dracunculifolia-is anticipated to possess anticognitive properties. However, the preventive effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Brazilian green propolis on cognitive impairment using a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta (Aβ)25‒35. METHODS Five-week-old male Slc:ddY mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). The groups were pretreated with vehicle and propolis at a dose of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg body weight for 8 days, then AD-like phenotypes were induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ25‒35. A sham operation group was set as the control. Memory and learning ability were measured at 7 to 8 days after ICV injection. Gene expression and histological studies were performed at the endpoint of the study. RESULTS In a passive avoidance test, the administration of Brazilian green propolis prevented the impairment of learning and memory function. Furthermore, comprehensive gene expression analysis in the hippocampus and forebrain cortex revealed that Brazilian green propolis suppressed Aβ25-35-induced inflammatory and immune responses. In particular, Brazilian green propolis prevented alterations in gene expressions of microglial and astrocytic markers such as Trem2 and Lcn2 induced by Aβ25‒35 injection, suggesting the suppression of excessive activation of glial cells in the brain. In addition, Brazilian green propolis suppressed the elevation of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels induced by Aβ25‒35 injection. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the prophylactic administration of Brazilian green propolis has a preventive effect against AD by suppressing excessive inflammation and immune response in glial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that Brazilian green propolis may inhibit the hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes as a mechanism of action to prevent AD. Thus, it is a promising ingredient for preventing AD-type dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Degawa
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Bee Products & Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang SY, Tian T, Yao H, Xia XM, Wang C, Cao L, Hu G, Du RH, Lu M. The cGAS-STING-YY1 axis accelerates progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease via LCN2-dependent astrocyte senescence. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2280-2292. [PMID: 37633968 PMCID: PMC10589362 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide clues that astrocyte senescence is correlated with Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, while little is known about the molecular basis for astrocyte senescence in PD. Here, we found that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was upregulated in senescent astrocytes of PD and aged mice. Strikingly, deletion of astrocytic cGAS significantly prevented senescence of astrocytes and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we identified LCN2 as the effector of cGAS-STING signal by RNA-Seq analysis. Genetic manipulation of LCN2 expression proved the regulation of cGAS-STING-LCN2 axis in astrocyte senescence. Additionally, YY1 was discovered as the transcription factor of LCN2 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Binding of STING to YY1 impedes nuclear translocation of YY1. Herein, we determine the involvement of the cGAS-STING-YY1-LCN2 signaling cascade in the control of astrocyte senescence and PD progression. Together, this work fills the gap in our understanding of astrocyte senescence, and provides potential targets for delaying PD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Tian Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Hang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Ren-Hong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Wang X, Guo L, Wu K, Wang L, Rao L, Liu X, Kang C, Jiang B, Li Q, Li H, He F, Lu C. Association between lipocalin-2 and mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based evidence. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101984. [PMID: 37330019 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between lipocalin-2 (LCN2) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia have gained growing interest. However, population-based studies have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we conducted this essential systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze and summarize the existing population-based evidence. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until Mar 18, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed to generate the standard mean difference (SMD) of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LCN2. A qualitative review was performed to summarize the evidence from postmortem brain tissue studies. RESULTS In peripheral blood, the overall pooled results showed no significant difference in LCN2 across Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCI and control groups. Further subgroup analysis revealed higher serum LCN2 levels in AD compared to controls (SMD =1.28 [0.44;2.13], p = 0.003), while the difference remained insignificant in plasma (SMD =0.04 [-0.82;0.90], p = 0.931). Besides, peripheral blood LCN2 were higher in AD when age difference between AD and controls ≥ 4 years (SMD =1.21 [0.37;2.06], p = 0.005). In CSF, no differences were found in LCN2 across groups of AD, MCI and controls. However, CSF LCN2 was higher in vascular dementia (VaD) compared to controls (SMD =1.02 [0.17;1.87], p = 0.018), as well as compared to AD (SMD =1.19 [0.58;1.80], p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis supported that LCN2 was increased in the brain tissue of AD-related areas, especially in astrocytes and microglia; while LCN2 increased in infarct-related brain areas and over-expressed in astrocytes and macrophages in mixed dementia (MD). CONCLUSION The difference in peripheral blood LCN2 between AD and controls may be affected by the type of biofluid and age. No differences were found in CSF LCN2 across AD, MCI and controls groups. In contrast, CSF LCN2 was elevated in VaD patients. Moreover, LCN2 was increased in AD-related brain areas and cells in AD, while in infarcts-related brain areas and cells in MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyao Kang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huling Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen He
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jani Kargar Moghaddam S, Mohammadi Roushandeh A, Hamidi M, Nemati S, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Habibi Roudkenar M. Lipocalin-2 Upregulation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Novel Potential Diagnostic Biomarker. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:268-276. [PMID: 37791335 PMCID: PMC10542929 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.93041.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) deregulation has been reported in several types of cancer and is implicated in the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and progression of tumors. However, its aberrant expression has been rarely studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the present study, we investigated the expression of LCN2 in NPC patients. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 29 NPC and 20 non-cancerous control paraffin pathology blocks were obtained from the seven-year (2011 to 2018) archive of Razi Laboratory in Rasht, Iran. LCN2 mRNA expression was evaluated through quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate LCN2 expression at the protein level. The fold change value and total immunostaining score (TIS) were applied for quantitative evaluation. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used through GraphPad Prism 8.3.0 software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our results revealed that LCN2 mRNA and protein levels in NPC tissues were significantly higher than control tissues (P=0.028 and P=0.002, respectively). At the protein level, 65.51% (19/29) of NPC patients were categorized as having high LCN2 expression (TIS>3) and 34.47% (10/29) as low expression (TIS≤3). While in the control group, 25% (5/20) of subjects represented a high expression of LCN2 (TIS>3), and 75% (15/20) showed no or weak expression (TIS≤3). No significant correlation was found between the overexpression of LCN2 at the protein level and the demographic features of the patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that LCN2 might be considered a potential new diagnostic marker for NPC. However, this warrants further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Jani Kargar Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shadman Nemati
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty S, Tabrizi Z, Bhatt NN, Franciosa SA, Bracko O. A Brief Overview of Neutrophils in Neurological Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050743. [PMID: 37238612 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in circulation and are the first line of defense after an infection or injury. Neutrophils have a broad spectrum of functions, including phagocytosis of microorganisms, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative burst, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Traditionally, neutrophils were thought to be most important for acute inflammatory responses, with a short half-life and a more static response to infections and injury. However, this view has changed in recent years showing neutrophil heterogeneity and dynamics, indicating a much more regulated and flexible response. Here we will discuss the role of neutrophils in aging and neurological disorders; specifically, we focus on recent data indicating the impact of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory processes and their contribution to neurological diseases. Lastly, we aim to conclude that reactive neutrophils directly contribute to increased vascular inflammation and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynab Tabrizi
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | | | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tautou M, Descamps F, Larchanché PE, Buée L, El Bakali J, Melnyk P, Sergeant N. A Polyaminobiaryl-Based β-secretase Modulator Alleviates Cognitive Impairments, Amyloid Load, Astrogliosis, and Neuroinflammation in APPSwe/PSEN1ΔE9 Mice Model of Amyloid Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065285. [PMID: 36982363 PMCID: PMC10048993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment suggests a combined therapeutic approach targeting the two lesional processes of AD, which include amyloid plaques made of toxic Aβ species and neurofibrillary tangles formed of aggregates of abnormally modified Tau proteins. A pharmacophoric design, novel drug synthesis, and structure-activity relationship enabled the selection of a polyamino biaryl PEL24-199 compound. The pharmacologic activity consists of a non-competitive β-secretase (BACE1) modulatory activity in cells. Curative treatment of the Thy-Tau22 model of Tau pathology restores short-term spatial memory, decreases neurofibrillary degeneration, and alleviates astrogliosis and neuroinflammatory reactions. Modulatory effects of PEL24-199 towards APP catalytic byproducts are described in vitro, but whether PEL24-199 can alleviate the Aβ plaque load and associated inflammatory counterparts in vivo remains to be elucidated. We investigated short- and long-term spatial memory, Aβ plaque load, and inflammatory processes in APPSwe/PSEN1ΔE9 PEL24-199 treated transgenic model of amyloid pathology to achieve this objective. PEL24-199 curative treatment induced the recovery of spatial memory and decreased the amyloid plaque load in association with decreased astrogliosis and neuroinflammation. The present results underline the synthesis and selection of a promising polyaminobiaryl-based drug that modulates both Tau and, in this case, APP pathology in vivo via a neuroinflammatory-dependent process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tautou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florian Descamps
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Larchanché
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Jamal El Bakali
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33-663101728 (N.S.)
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMRS1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, 59045 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33-663101728 (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hermann P, Villar-Piqué A, Schmitz M, Schmidt C, Varges D, Goebel S, Bunck T, Lindemann H, Bogner C, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Riggert J, Zerr I, Llorens F. Plasma Lipocalin 2 in Alzheimer’s disease: potential utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with other biomarkers. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:9. [PMID: 35027079 PMCID: PMC8759265 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer’s disease in reactive microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease but available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and clinical data. Methods For this two-center case-control study, we analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups comprised Alzheimer’s disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Results Plasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly lower in Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed dementia (vascular and Alzheimer’s pathologic changes). Areas under the curve from receiver operation characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls were 0.783 (95%CI: 0.712–0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 (95%CI: 0.627–0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve for Alzheimer’s disease versus vascular dementia was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.667–0.890) in the study cohort. In Alzheimer’s disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau, phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42), cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores), APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities. Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease (p = 0.013). Conclusions Plasma Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease and seems to be independent from currently employed biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9.
Collapse
|
11
|
Circulating Lipocalin-2 level is positively associated with cognitive impairment in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4635. [PMID: 35302058 PMCID: PMC8931051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and cognition in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to evaluate whether serum LCN2 levels are associated with the alteration of cognitive function in patients with MetS. The total of 191 non-demented participants with MetS were enrolled onto the study in 2015, and a cohort study was conducted in a subpopulation in 2020. After adjustment for sex, age, waist circumference, creatinine levels, and HbA1C, an association between the higher serum LCN2 levels and the lower Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores was observed (B = − 0.045; 95%CI − 0.087, − 0.004; p 0.030). A total of 30 participants were followed-up in 2020. Serum LCN2 levels were decreased in correlation with age (23.31 ± 12.32 ng/ml in 2015 and 15.98 ± 11.28 ng/ml in 2020, p 0.024), while other metabolic parameters were unchanged. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted on a subsample of patients in 2020 (n = 15). Associations between high serum LCN2 levels from 2015 and 2020 and changes in brain volume of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex from 2020 have been observed. These findings suggest a relationship between changes of the level of circulating LCN2, cognitive impairment, and changes in brain volume in patients with MetS. However, further investigation is still needed to explore the direct effect of circulating LCN2 on the cognition of MetS patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
The effect of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) on apoptosis: a proteomics analysis study in an LCN2 deficient mouse model. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:892. [PMID: 34903175 PMCID: PMC8670060 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has multiple functions involved in various biological and pathological processes including energy homeostasis, cancer, inflammation, and apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of LCN2 on apoptosis that influences the pathogenetic process of metabolic diseases and cancer. METHODS We performed a proteomics analysis of livers taken from LCN2-knockout mice and wild type mice by using label-free LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomics. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that there were 132 significantly differentially expressed proteins (49 upregulated and 83 downregulated) among 2140 proteins in the liver of LCN2-knockout mice compared with wild type mice. Of these, seven apoptosis-associated proteins were significantly upregulated and seven apoptosis-associated proteins downregulated. CONCLUSION Proteomics demonstrated that there were seven upregulated and seven downregulated apoptosis-associated proteins in liver of LCN2-knockout mice. It is important to clarify the effect of LCN2 on apoptosis that might contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, cancer, and various nervous system diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Guardado S, Ojeda-Juárez D, Kaul M, Nordgren TM. Comprehensive review of lipocalin 2-mediated effects in lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L726-L733. [PMID: 34468208 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00080.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an inflammatory mediator best known for its role as an innate acute-phase protein. LCN2 mediates the innate immune response to pathogens by sequestering iron, thereby inhibiting pathogen growth. Although LCN2 and its bacteriostatic properties are well studied, other LCN2 functions in the immune response to inflammatory stimuli are less well understood, such as its role as a chemoattractant and involvement in the regulation of cell migration and apoptosis. In the lungs, most studies thus far investigating the role of LCN2 in the immune response have looked at pathogenic inflammatory stimuli. Here, we compile data that explore the role of LCN2 in the immune response to various inflammatory stimuli in an effort to differentiate between protective versus detrimental roles of LCN2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Guardado
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Daniel Ojeda-Juárez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kurup CP, Mohd-Naim NF, Tlili C, Ahmed MU. A Highly Sensitive Label-free Aptasensor Based on Gold Nanourchins and Carbon Nanohorns for the Detection of Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2). ANAL SCI 2021; 37:825-831. [PMID: 33041307 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A synergistic nanocomposite film composed of gold nanourchins (AuNU), oxidised carbon nanohorns (CNH), and chitosan functioned as an electrode modifier in the fabrication of the sensitive lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) aptasensor. The AuNUs/CNH/CS composite increased the surface area and thereby amplified the signal transduction. The amine-terminated LCN-2 aptamer was immobilised through the amide bond formed between the carboxyl group of polyglutamic acid (PGA) and the amine group of aptamer. Interaction of LCN-2 with the aptamer caused conformational changes in the structure of the aptamer. This generated higher conductivity, resulting in increased DPV peak current. The DPV signal increased with increasing concentration of LCN-2, and the change in signal was used for quantitative detection. The proposed aptasensor was able to detect LCN-2 in the linear range of 0.1 - 100.0 pg mL-1, with a low detection limit of 10 fg mL-1. The aptasensor showed high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and was able to detect LCN-2 in serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Padmakumari Kurup
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Chaker Tlili
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim D, Jeong JH, Song J. Lipocalin 2 regulates iron homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance in the brains of patients with dementia: Evidence from the current literature. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:883-894. [PMID: 33945675 PMCID: PMC8265939 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia accompanied by memory loss is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is gradually increasing. Known risk factors for dementia include genetic background, certain lifestyle and dietary patterns, smoking, iron overload, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, we review recent evidence on the regulatory role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in dementia from various perspectives. LCN2 is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein that influences diverse cellular processes, including the immune system, iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Although its functions within the peripheral system are most widely recognized, recent findings have revealed links between LCN2 and central nervous system diseases, as well as novel roles for LCN2 in neurons and glia. Furthermore, LCN2 may modulate diverse pathological mechanisms involved in dementia. Taken together, LCN2 is a promising therapeutic target with which to address the neuropathology of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gerosa L, Lombardi G. Bone-to-Brain: A Round Trip in the Adaptation to Mechanical Stimuli. Front Physiol 2021; 12:623893. [PMID: 33995117 PMCID: PMC8120436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.623893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the classical ones (support/protection, hematopoiesis, storage for calcium, and phosphate) multiple roles emerged for bone tissue, definitively making it an organ. Particularly, the endocrine function, and in more general terms, the capability to sense and integrate different stimuli and to send signals to other tissues, has highlighted the importance of bone in homeostasis. Bone is highly innervated and hosts all nervous system branches; bone cells are sensitive to most of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurohormones that directly affect their metabolic activity and sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Indeed, bone is the principal mechanosensitive organ. Thanks to the mechanosensing resident cells, and particularly osteocytes, mechanical stimulation induces metabolic responses in bone forming (osteoblasts) and bone resorbing (osteoclasts) cells that allow the adaptation of the affected bony segment to the changing environment. Once stimulated, bone cells express and secrete, or liberate from the entrapping matrix, several mediators (osteokines) that induce responses on distant targets. Brain is a target of some of these mediator [e.g., osteocalcin, lipocalin2, sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1), and fibroblast growth factor 23], as most of them can cross the blood-brain barrier. For others, a role in brain has been hypothesized, but not yet demonstrated. As exercise effectively modifies the release and the circulating levels of these osteokines, it has been hypothesized that some of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain functions may be associated to such a bone-to-brain communication. This hypothesis hides an interesting clinical clue: may well-addressed physical activities support the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa D, Bonet N, Solé A, González de Aledo-Castillo JM, Sabidó E, Casals F, Rovira C, Nadal A, Marin JL, Cobo T, Castelo R. Genome-wide postnatal changes in immunity following fetal inflammatory response. FEBS J 2020; 288:2311-2331. [PMID: 33006196 PMCID: PMC8049052 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fetal inflammatory response (FIR) increases the risk of perinatal brain injury, particularly in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs, < 28 weeks of gestation). One of the mechanisms contributing to such a risk is a postnatal intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI) following FIR. The link between prenatal and postnatal systemic inflammation is supported by the presence of well‐established inflammatory biomarkers in the umbilical cord and peripheral blood. However, the extent of molecular changes contributing to this association is unknown. Using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics, we profiled the transcriptome and proteome of archived neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) specimens from 21 ELGANs. Comparing FIR‐affected and unaffected ELGANs, we identified 782 gene and 27 protein expression changes of 50% magnitude or more, and an experiment‐wide significance level below 5% false discovery rate. These expression changes confirm the robust postnatal activation of the innate immune system in FIR‐affected ELGANs and reveal for the first time an impairment of their adaptive immunity. In turn, the altered pathways provide clues about the molecular mechanisms triggering ISSI after FIR, and the onset of perinatal brain injury. Databases EGAS00001003635 (EGA); PXD011626 (PRIDE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Figueres, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bonet
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Solé
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Sabidó
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Marin
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Castelo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu BW, Guo JD, Wu MS, Liu Y, Lu M, Zhou YH, Han HW. Osteoblast-derived lipocalin-2 regulated by miRNA-96-5p/Foxo1 advances the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1501-1513. [PMID: 32901506 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides in plaques and vessel walls. This study proposed a hypothesis of an inhibitory role of miR-96-5p in AD via regulating Foxo1. Methods & methods: AD mouse models were established by injecting with 1% pentobarbital. Results: Knockdown of miR-96-5p in the presence of naringin was shown to reduce the expression of Foxo1 and contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, yet increase lipocalin-2 expression as well as hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde contents. Also, Foxo1-mediated lipocalin-2 inhibition attenuated AD. Conclusion: Our study shows downregulating miR-96-5p limited AD progression, highlighting miR-96-5p a potential therapeutic target in treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Dong Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Mi-Shan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Meng Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei Province, PR China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun Z, Li W, Xu J, Ren K, Gao F, Jiang Z, Ji F, Pan D. Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children with Acute Enterovirus-Associated Meningoencephalitis Identifies Dysregulated Host Processes and Potential Biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3487-3498. [PMID: 32678604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are major causes of viral meningoencephalitis in children. To better understand the pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid proteome in children (n = 52) suffering from EV meningoencephalitis was compared to that in EV-negative control subjects (n = 53) using the BoxCar acquisition technique. Among 1697 proteins identified, 1193 with robust assay readouts were used for quantitative analyses. Differential expression analyses identified 154 upregulated and 227 downregulated proteins in the EV-positive group. Functional analyses showed that the upregulated proteins are mainly related to activities of lymphocytes and cytokines, inflammation, and responses to stress and viral invasion, while the downregulated proteins are mainly related to neuronal integrity and activity as well as neurogenesis. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis results, Rho-GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 exhibited the highest sensitivity (96.2%) and specificity (100%) for discriminating EV-positive from EV-negative patients. The chemokine CXCL10 was most upregulated (>300-fold) with also high sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (94.3%) for indicating EV positivity. Thus, this study uncovered perturbations of multiple host processes due to EV meningoencephalitis, especially the general trend of enhanced immune responses but impaired neuronal functions. The identified dysregulated proteins may also prompt biomarker development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Keyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, and Department of Infectious Diseases of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A peripheral neutrophil-related inflammatory factor predicts a decline in executive function in mild Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:84. [PMID: 32171317 PMCID: PMC7071641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest a role of the innate immune system, including the activity of neutrophils, in neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but prospective cognitive data remain lacking in humans. We aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between neutrophil-associated inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and changes in memory and executive function over 1 year in patients with AD. Methods Participants with AD were identified from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were assayed by luminex immunofluorescence multiplex assay at baseline. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test an underlying neutrophil associated plasma inflammatory factor. Composite z-scores for memory and executive function were generated from multiple tests at baseline and at 1 year. A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the association of the baseline inflammatory factor with changes in memory and executive function over 1 year. Results Among AD patients (n = 109, age = 74.8 ± 8.1, 42% women, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 23.6 ± 1.9), the neutrophil-related inflammatory proteins NGAL (λ = 0.595, p < .001), MPO (λ = 0.575, p < .001), IL-8 (λ = 0.525, p < .001), MIP-1β (λ = 0.411, p = .008), and TNF (λ = 0.475, p < .001) were found to inform an underlying factor. Over 1 year, this inflammatory factor predicted a decline in executive function (β = − 0.152, p = 0.015) but not memory (β = 0.030, p = 0.577) in models controlling for demographics, brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, the ApoE ε4 allele, concomitant medications, and baseline cognitive performance. Conclusions An inflammatory factor constructed from five neutrophil-related markers in peripheral blood predicted a decline in executive function over 1 year in people with mild AD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cerebrospinal fluid lipocalin 2 as a novel biomarker for the differential diagnosis of vascular dementia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:619. [PMID: 32001681 PMCID: PMC6992814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) is based on imaging criteria, and specific biochemical markers are not available. Here, we investigated the potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secreted glycoprotein that has been suggested as mediating neuronal damage in vascular brain injuries. The study included four independent cohorts with a total n = 472 samples. LCN2 was significantly elevated in VaD compared to controls, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), other neurodegenerative dementias, and cognitively unimpaired patients with cerebrovascular disease. LCN2 discriminated VaD from AD without coexisting VaD with high accuracy. The main findings were consistent over all cohorts. Neuropathology disclosed a high percentage of macrophages linked to subacute infarcts, reactive astrocytes, and damaged blood vessels in multi-infarct dementia when compared to AD. We conclude that CSF LCN2 is a promising candidate biochemical marker in the differential diagnosis of VaD and neurodegenerative dementias. Diagnosis of vascular dementia is hampered by the lack of biochemical markers for this disease. Here, the authors show that vascular dementia is associated with increased lipocalin-2 in cerebrospinal fluid, compared to controls and patients with other forms of dementia.
Collapse
|
23
|
Haddad M, Perrotte M, Khedher MRB, Demongin C, Lepage A, Fülöp T, Ramassamy C. Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal as Potential Peripheral Markers for MCI Diagnosis and Their Effects on the Expression of Neurotrophic, Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Factors in Neurons and in Neuronal Derived-Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194906. [PMID: 31623327 PMCID: PMC6801730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GO) are suggested to be associated with the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, their peripheral levels in relation to cognitive decline and their effects on key factors in neuronal cells are poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine their serum levels in MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, to analyze their effects on the neurotrophic and inflammatory factors, on neurodegenerative markers in neuronal cells and in neuronal derived-extracellular vesicles (nEVs). Our results show that MG and GO levels in serum, determined by HPLC, were higher in MCI. ROC (receiver-operating characteristic curves) analysis showed that the levels of MG in serum have higher sensitivity to differentiate MCI from controls but not from AD. Meanwhile, serum GO levels differentiate MCI from control and AD groups. Cells and nEVs levels of BDNF, PRGN, NSE, APP, MMP-9, ANGPTL-4, LCN2, PTX2, S100B, RAGE, Aβ peptide, pTau T181 and alpha-synuclein were quantified by luminex assay. Treatment of neuronal cells with MG or GO reduced the cellular levels of NSE, PRGN, APP, MMP-9 and ANGPTL-4 and the nEVs levels of BDNF, PRGN and LCN2. Our findings suggest that targeting MG and GO may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay the progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haddad
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Morgane Perrotte
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Clément Demongin
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Aurélie Lepage
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
| | - Tamás Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pinyopornpanish K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Lipocalin-2: Its perspectives in brain pathology and possible roles in cognition. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12779. [PMID: 31393997 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been known to play an important role in pathological conditions, specifically in response to inflammation, infection and injury to cells. Recently, several research teams have been interested in investigating its association with cognition during the progression of pathology. Previous studies have demonstrated that LCN2 is not correlated with cognitive function under normal physiological conditions, although LCN2 has been negatively associated with cognition and some neuropathologies. Increasing LCN2 production is associated with reduced cognitive performance in a rodent model. However, further studies are needed to explore the potential underlying mechanisms of LCN2 on cognitive dysfunction, as well as its clinical relevance. This review aims to summarise the evidence available from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies concerning the possible role of LCN2 on cognitive function following the onset of pathological conditions. Any contradictory evidence is also assessed and presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parsing the functional specificity of Siderocalin/Lipocalin 2/NGAL for siderophores and related small-molecule ligands. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2019; 2:100008. [PMID: 32647813 PMCID: PMC7337064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2019.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ligand recognition by antibacterial Siderocalin controls the competition for iron during infection. We determined nine crystal structures of Siderocalin mutants with ligands. We determined three candidate ligands did not bind. We determined the crystal structure of SBP YfiY. Multiplexed specificity of Siderocalin was determined.
Siderocalin/Lipocalin 2/Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin/24p3 is an innate immune system protein with bacteriostatic activity, acting by tightly binding and sequestering diverse catecholate and mixed-type ferric siderophores from enteric bacteria and mycobacteria. Bacterial virulence achieved through siderophore modifications, or utilization of alternate siderophores, can be explained by evasion of Siderocalin binding. Siderocalin has also been implicated in a wide variety of disease processes, though often in seemingly contradictory ways, and has been proposed to bind to a broader array of ligands beyond siderophores. Using structural, directed mutational, and binding studies, we have sought to rigorously test, and fully elucidate, the Siderocalin recognition mechanism. Several proposed ligands fail to meet rigorous binding criteria, including the bacterial siderophore pyochelin, the iron-chelating catecholamine hormone norepinephrine, and the bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate. While possessing a remarkably rigid structure, in principle simplifying analyses of ligand recognition, understanding Scn recognition is complicated by the observed conformational and stoichiometric plasticity, and instability, of its bona fide siderophore ligands. Since the role of Siderocalin at the early host/pathogen interface is to compete for bacterial ferric siderophores, we also analyzed how bacterial siderophore binding proteins and enzymes alternately recognize siderophores that efficiently bind to, or evade, Siderocalin sequestration – including determining the crystal structure of Bacillus cereus YfiY bound to schizokinen. These studies combine to refine the potential physiological functions of Siderocalin by defining its multiplexed recognition mechanism.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABC, ATP‐binding cassette
- AEB, aerobactin
- AU, crystallographic asymmetric unit
- Antimicrobial responses
- BOCT, brain-type organic cation receptor
- Bacterial substrate binding proteins
- CAM, catechol
- CMB, carboxymycobactin
- DHBA, dihydroxybenzoic acid
- ENT, enterobactin or enterochelin
- FQ, fluorescence quenching
- Ferric enterobactin/enterochelin
- HOPO, hydroxypyridinone
- NE, norepinephrine
- NGAL, Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin
- PBP, bacterial periplasmic binding protein
- PCH, pyochelin
- PDB, Research Collaboratory for Structural Biology Protein Databank
- PVD, pyoverdine
- SBP, bacterial membrane-associated, substrate-binding protein
- SCH, schizokinen
- Scn, Siderocalin
- X-ray crystallography
- c-di-GMP, cyclic diguanylate monophosphate
Collapse
|
26
|
Ge X, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Israr M, Li B, Yu P, Gao G, Chang YZ, Shi Z. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer-related neuropathology induced by sevoflurane in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17555-17565. [PMID: 31134678 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics could induce cognitive dysfunctions, such as Alzheimer's disease in humans or mice. However, the precise molecular mechanism is unclear. Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic widely used in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrated the induction of cognitive dysfunction induced by Sev in mice to corroborate the signaling pathway and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) followed by analyzing their functions. The cognitive function of mice was measured by the Morris water maze test. Transcriptomic data were annotated with Illumina HiSeq. 2000. Further, the changes in related proteins or genes were analyzed by western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that Sev could cause a decline in cognitive competence in mice. The transcriptomic data indicated that adding up to 566 genes were upregulated and 1073 genes were downregulated. The genes of Plin4, Lcn2, Lrg1, Foxf1, and Ctla2a were significantly upregulated, while the genes of Arc, Npas4, Egr2, Hes5, and Cdh9 were downregulated dramatically. The Gene Ontology term with the highest enrichment of DEGs are involved in the regulation of cellular and macromolecule metabolism and cation and nucleic acid binding, respectively. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway was one of the most important metabolic pathways. In addition, the metabolic pathways related to cognitive function, such as the nervous system and neurodegenerative disease showed significant changes. Furthermore, we found that p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase of the MAPK signaling pathway played important roles in this process. In conclusion, these results provide the first important clues for identifying the DEGs and signaling pathways in the hippocampus due to a Sev-induced cognitive deficiency in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gut Microbiota Disorder, Gut Epithelial and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunctions in Etiopathogenesis of Dementia: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:205-226. [PMID: 31115795 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences indicate a critical role of the gut microbiota in etiopathogenesis of dementia, a debilitating multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognition and behavior that interferes with the social and professional functions of the sufferer. Available data suggest that gut microbiota disorder that triggers development of dementia is characterized by substantial reduction in specific species belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and presence of pathogenic species, predominantly, pro-inflammatory bacteria of the Proteobacteria phylum. These changes in gut microbiota microecology promote the production of toxic metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in beneficial substances such as short chain fatty acids and other anti-inflammatory factors, thereby, enhancing destruction of the gut epithelial barrier with concomitant activation of local and distant immune cells as well as dysregulation of enteric neurons and glia. This subsequently leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunctions that trigger neuroinflammatory reactions and predisposes to apoptotic neuronal and glial cell death, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which underlie the development of dementia. However, the molecular switches that control these processes in the histo-hematic barriers of the gut and brain are not exactly known. This review integrates very recent data on the molecular mechanisms that link gut microbiota disorder to gut epithelial and blood-brain barrier dysfunctions, underlying the development of dementia. The signaling pathways that link gut microbiota disorder with impairment in cognition and behavior are also discussed. The review also highlights potential therapeutic options for dementia.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ranjbar Taklimie F, Gasterich N, Scheld M, Weiskirchen R, Beyer C, Clarner T, Zendedel A. Hypoxia Induces Astrocyte-Derived Lipocalin-2 in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061271. [PMID: 30871254 PMCID: PMC6471434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes rapid hypoxic damage to the core neural tissue which is followed by graded chronological tissue degeneration in the peri-infarct zone. The latter process is mainly triggered by neuroinflammation, activation of inflammasomes, proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis. Besides microglia, astrocytes play an important role in the fine-tuning of the inflammatory network in the brain. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is involved in the control of innate immune responses, regulation of excess iron, and reactive oxygen production. In this study, we analyzed LCN2 expression in hypoxic rat brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in astrocyte cell cultures receiving standardized hypoxic treatment. Whereas no LCN2-positive cells were seen in sham animals, the number of LCN2-positive cells (mainly astrocytes) was significantly increased after stroke. In vitro studies with hypoxic cultured astroglia revealed that LCN2 expression is significantly increased after only 2 h, then further increased, followed by a stepwise decline. The expression pattern of several proinflammatory cytokines mainly followed that profile in wild type (WT) but not in cultured LCN2-deficient astrocytes. Our data revealed that astrocytes are an important source of LCN2 in the peri-infarct region under hypoxic conditions. However, we must also stress that brain-intrinsic LCN2 after the initial hypoxia period might come from other sources such as invaded immune cells and peripheral organs via blood circulation. In any case, secreted LCN2 might have an influence on peripheral organ functions and the innate immune system during brain hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Gasterich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Scheld
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sfera A, Gradini R, Cummings M, Diaz E, Price AI, Osorio C. Rusty Microglia: Trainers of Innate Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1062. [PMID: 30564191 PMCID: PMC6288235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, is marked by progressive cognitive and functional impairment believed to reflect synaptic and neuronal loss. Recent preclinical data suggests that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia may contribute to the elimination of viable neurons and synapses by promoting a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, defined as A1. The innate immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, can either facilitate or inhibit neuroinflammation in response to peripherally applied inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS. Depending on previous antigen encounters, these cells can assume activated (trained) or silenced (tolerized) phenotypes, augmenting or lowering inflammation. Iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and LPS, the cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, are microglial activators, but only the latter can trigger immune tolerization. In Alzheimer's disease, tolerization may be impaired as elevated LPS levels, reported in this condition, fail to lower neuroinflammation. Iron is closely linked to immunity as it plays a key role in immune cells proliferation and maturation, but it is also indispensable to pathogens and malignancies which compete for its capture. Danger signals, including LPS, induce intracellular iron sequestration in innate immune cells to withhold it from pathogens. However, excess cytosolic iron increases the risk of inflammasomes' activation, microglial training and neuroinflammation. Moreover, it was suggested that free iron can awaken the dormant central nervous system (CNS) LPS-shedding microbes, engendering prolonged neuroinflammation that may override immune tolerization, triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on iron-related innate immune pathology in Alzheimer's disease and discuss potential immunotherapeutic agents for microglial de-escalation along with possible delivery vehicles for these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Roberto Gradini
- Department of Pathology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eddie Diaz
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Amy I Price
- Evidence Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Welcome MO. Current Perspectives and Mechanisms of Relationship between Intestinal Microbiota Dysfunction and Dementia: A Review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2018; 8:360-381. [PMID: 30483303 PMCID: PMC6244112 DOI: 10.1159/000492491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data suggest a crucial role of the intestinal microbiota in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, emerging reports have revealed an association between intestinal microbiota dysfunctions and dementia, a debilitating multifactorial disorder, characterized by progressive deterioration of cognition and behavior that interferes with the social and professional life of the sufferer. However, the mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. SUMMARY In this review, I discuss recent data that suggest mechanisms of cross-talk between intestinal microbiota dysfunction and the brain that underlie the development of dementia. Potential therapeutic options for dementia are also discussed. The pleiotropic signaling of the metabolic products of the intestinal microbiota together with their specific roles in the maintenance of both the intestinal and blood-brain barriers as well as regulation of local, distant, and circulating immunocytes, and enteric, visceral, and central neural functions are integral to a healthy gut and brain. KEY MESSAGES Research investigating the effect of intestinal microbiota dysfunctions on brain health should focus on multiple interrelated systems involving local and central neuroendocrine, immunocyte, and neural signaling of microbial products and transmitters and neurohumoral cells that not only maintain intestinal, but also blood brain-barrier integrity. The change in intestinal microbiome/dysbiome repertoire is crucial to the development of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O. Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|