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Decaro N, Elia G, Buonavoglia C. Challenge studies for registration of canine core vaccines: is it time to update the European Pharmacopeia? Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108659. [PMID: 32402341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Qi S, Zhao J, Guo D, Sun D. A Mini-Review on the Epidemiology of Canine Parvovirus in China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:5. [PMID: 32154272 PMCID: PMC7044151 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine viral diarrhea is a severe disease in dogs worldwide. The role of canine parvovirus (CPV) in canine viral diarrhea is a common health problem in dogs, attracting major concern from veterinarians and dog owners across China. In this mini-review, we summarize the CPV epidemiology in China, including its origin, prevalence, coinfection, and the genetic evolution of the virus. The review reveals the correlation between CPV-2 infection and seasonality, a dog's age/gender/breed/vaccination; that CPV-2 is the main causative agent of canine diarrhea in Northeast China and that coinfection with other pathogens is a common occurrence; the predominant CPV epidemic strains were the new CPV-2a, and CPV-2c has shown significant growth trends since 2010. This mini-review will provide valuable information for CPV infections across China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Priya AK, Balagangatharathilagar M, Chandrasekaran D, Parthiban M, Prathaban S. Prevalence of enteropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Vet World 2017; 10:859-863. [PMID: 28919674 PMCID: PMC5591469 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.859-863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The canine HGE activity index, with little modification, was adopted to identify Grade III/severely affected puppies below 6 months of age. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to screen and compare the enteropathogens in puppies with hemorrhagic diarrhea and healthy control. RESULTS Canine parvovirus 2b was identified in 90.3% of the diarrheic and 10% of the non-diarrheic healthy puppies. Clostridium difficile was identified in all the diarrheic puppies and in 80% of the healthy puppies. Among the diarrheic puppies, 17.7% were positive for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, 9.7% were positive for C. perfringens alpha toxin, 6.4% were positive for Escherichia coli shiga toxin, 6.4% were positive for E. coli enterotoxin (LT), and 3.2% were positive for canine distemper virus. Whereas, none of the healthy puppies were positive for these bacteria and toxins. Fecal antibiotic sensitivity test pattern revealed gentamicin to be sensitive in 95% of the cases, azithromycin in 50%, enrofloxacin in 25%, cefotaxime in 20%, and tetracycline in 5% of the cases. CONCLUSION Parvoviral enteritis is predominant among puppies. Yet, bacteria and their toxins also play an important role in HGE. Gentamicin has higher sensitivity against the enteropathogens associated with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kokila Priya
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Balagangatharathilagar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Prathaban
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sharma S, Dhar P, Thakur A, Sharma V, Sharma M. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2b from diarrheic dogs in Himachal Pradesh. Vet World 2016; 9:964-969. [PMID: 27733797 PMCID: PMC5057035 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.964-969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to detect the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) among diarrheic dogs in Himachal Pradesh and to identify the most prevalent antigenic variant of CPV based on molecular typing and sequence analysis of VP2 gene. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 fecal samples were collected from clinical cases of diarrhea or hemorrhagic gastroenteritis from CPV vaccinated or non-vaccinated dogs. Samples were tested using CPV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting VP2 gene, multiplex PCR for detection of CPV-2a and CPV-2b antigenic variants, and a PCR for the detection of CPV-2c. CPV-2b isolate was cultured on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines and sequenced using VP2 structural protein gene. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis was done using ClustalW and MEGA6 and inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. Results: No sample was found positive for the original CPV strain usually present in the vaccine. However, about 50% (52 out of 102) of the samples were found to be positive with CPV-2ab PCR assay that detects newer variants of CPV circulating in the field. In addition, multiplex PCR assay that identifies both CPV-2ab and CPV-2b revealed that CPV-2b was the major antigenic variant present in the affected dogs. A PCR positive isolate of CPV-2b was adapted to grow in MDCK cells and produced characteristic cytopathic effect after 5th passage. Multiple sequence alignment of VP2 structural gene of CPV-2b isolate (Accession number HG004610) used in the study was found to be similar to other sequenced isolates in NCBI sequence database and showed 98-99% homology. Conclusion: This study reports the first detection of CPV-2b in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in Himachal Pradesh and absence of other antigenic types of CPV. Further, CPV-specific PCR assay can be used for rapid confirmation of circulating virus strains under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prasenjit Dhar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mandeep Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Zhao Z, Liu H, Ding K, Peng C, Xue Q, Yu Z, Xue Y. Occurrence of canine parvovirus in dogs from Henan province of China in 2009-2014. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:138. [PMID: 27377264 PMCID: PMC4932751 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no information concerning the genotype of Canine parvovirus (CPV) currently circulating in Henan province, China. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide insights into the epidemiology and molecular characterization of CPV circulating in Henan province from 2009 to 2014. RESULTS Nineteen thousand nine hundred seven dogs from pet hospitals in the cities of Luoyang, Anyang, Jiaozuo, Sanmenxia, Xinxiang, Zhengzhou in Henan province between 2009 and 2014 were investigated. Over the 6-year period, 1169 CPV-positive cases were identified and the morbidity of CPV infection ranged from 4.16 to 8.06 %, although morbidity was not significant (P > 0.05) between 2009 and 2014. Factors associated with morbidity included sampling season, dog age, breed, vaccination status, and sex. CPV co-infection with coccidium (10.00 %), canine distemper virus (4.79 %), hookworm (2.40 %), canine coronavirus (1.11 %), roundworm (1.03 %), tapeworm (0.17 %) and Babesia spp. (0.09 %) were observed. The new CPV-2a variant was more prevalent than the new CPV-2b variant in Henan province. CPV 2c was not observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of CPV infection and identification of the circulating genotypes in Henan province, China from 2009 to 2014 determined that the new CPV-2a variant was more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqin Zhao
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunping Peng
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yun Xue
- Lab of Medical Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Development of a PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of canine parvovirus and mink enteritis virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 210:1-6. [PMID: 25256910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay has been developed to detect and differentiate between canine parvovirus (CPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). Eight CPV and three MEV epidemic strains isolated from 28 pathological samples from dogs and minks suspected of being infected with parvovirus were amplified by PCR using a pair of specific primers designed based on the CPV-N strain (M19296). PCR amplified a fragment of 1016bp from the genomic DNA of both MEV and CPV. The MEV-derived fragment could be digested with the restriction enzyme BSP1407I into three fragments of 102bp, 312bp and 602bp, while the fragment amplified from the CPV genomic DNA was digested into only two fragments of 414bp and 602bp. The lowest DNA concentration of CPV and MEV that could be detected using this assay was 0.004μg/ml and 0.03μg/ml, respectively. The PCR-RFLP assay developed in the present study can, therefore, be used to detect and differentiate MEV from CPV with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Vivek Srinivas VM, Mukhopadhyay HK, Thanislass J, Antony PX, Pillai RM. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus in southern India. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.744-749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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