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Chang LA, Schotsaert M. Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:224-243. [PMID: 38289826 PMCID: PMC11288382 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a critical type of immune cell and central players in type 2 immunity. Existing literature suggests that eosinophils also can play a role in host antiviral responses, typically type 1 immune events, against multiple respiratory viruses, both directly through release of antiviral mediators and indirectly through activation of other effector cell types. One way to prime host immune responses toward effective antiviral responses is through vaccination, where typically a type 1-skewed immunity is desirable in the context of intracellular pathogens like respiratory viruses. In the realm of breakthrough respiratory viral infection in vaccinated hosts, an event in which virus can still establish productive infection despite preexisting immunity, eosinophils are most prominently known for their link to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease upon natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. This was observed in a pediatric cohort during the 1960s following vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. More recent research has unveiled additional roles of the eosinophil in respiratory viral infection and breakthrough infection. The specific contribution of eosinophils to the quality of vaccine responses, vaccine efficacy, and antiviral responses to infection in vaccinated hosts remains largely unexplored, especially regarding their potential roles in protection. On the basis of current findings, we will speculate upon the suggested function of eosinophils and consider the many potential ways by which eosinophils may exert protective and pathological effects in breakthrough infections. We will also discuss how to balance vaccine efficacy with eosinophil-related risks, as well as the use of eosinophils and their products as potential biomarkers of vaccine efficacy or adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Chang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Khan S, Irfan M, Hameed AR, Ullah A, Abideen SA, Ahmad S, Haq MU, El Bakri Y, Al-Harbi AI, Ali M, Haleem A. Vaccinomics to design a multi-epitope-based vaccine against monkeypox virus using surface-associated proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10859-10868. [PMID: 36533379 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2158942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2022, the ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus-now occurring outside Africa, too is a global health concern. Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus, which causes disease mainly in animals, and then it is transferred to humans. Recently, in the monkeypox epidemic, a large number of human cases emerged while the global health community worked to tackle the outbreak and save lives. Herein, a multi-epitope-based vaccine is designed against monkeypox virus using two surface-associated proteins: MPXVgp002 accession number > YP_010377003.1 and MPXVgp008 accession number > YP_010377007.1 proteins. These proteins were utilized for B- and T-cell epitopes prediction. The epitopes were further screened, and the screen filtered KCKDNEYRSR, RSCNTTHNR, and RTRRETGAS with the antigenicity scores of 0.5279, 0.5604, and 0.7628, respectively. Overall, the epitopes can induce immunity in 99.74% population of the world. Further, GPGPG linkers were used for joining the epitopes and EAAAK linker was used for adjuvant attachment. It has a three-dimensional structure modelled for retaining the structural stability. Three pairs of amino acid residues that were able to make disulfide bonds were chosen: Gly1-Ser82, Cys7-Tyr10, and Phe51-Ile55. Molecular docking of vaccine was done with toll-like receptors, viz., 2, 3, 4, and 8 immune cell receptors. The docking results revealed that the vaccine as potential molecule due to its better binding affinity with toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4 and 8. Top complex in docking in with each receptor was selected based on lowest energy scores- -888.7 kcal/mol (TLR-2), -976.3 kcal/mol (TLR-3), -801.9 kcal/mol (TLR-4), and -955.4 kcal/mol (TLR-4)-were subjected to simulation. The docked complexes were evaluated in 500 ns of MD simulation. Throughout the simulation time, no significant deviation occurred. This confirmed that the vaccine as potential vaccine candidate to interact with immune cell receptors. This interaction is important for the immune system activation. In conclusion, the proposed vaccine construct against monkeypox could induce an effective immune response and speed up the vaccine development process. However, the study is completely based on the computational approach, hence, the experimental validation is required.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifullah Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alaa R Hameed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ainul Abideen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Youness El Bakri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alhanouf I Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahwish Ali
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ullah A, Ullah Khan S, Haq MU, Ahmad S, Irfan M, Asif M, Muhseen ZT, Alkeraidees MS, Allemailem KS, Alrumaihi F, Almatroudi A. Computational study to investigate Proteus mirabilis proteomes for multi-epitope vaccine construct design. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10190-10201. [PMID: 36476074 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative bacterium particularly known for its unique swarming ability. The swarming gives the bacteria ability to enhance adherence to the catheter surface and epithelium cells of the urethra to cause catheter associated urinary tract infections. P. mirabilis has evolved resistant to antibiotics. Additionally, there is an approved vaccine against P. mirabilis, thus demanding for identification of new vaccine targets. This gram-negative bacterium consists of 19,502 core proteins, out of which 19,063 are redundant proteins and remaining 439 are non-redundant proteins. The non-redundant proteins have 21 proteins present on the cell surface out of which 11 proteins are virulent. Antigenicity analysis predicted only 2 proteins as antigenic (fimbrial biogenesis outer membrane usher protein and ligand-gated channel protein). Four and seven B-cells epitopes were predicted from the former and later proteins, respectively. The predicted B-cells epitopes were used for T- cells epitopes prediction. The predicted epitopes were linked to each other through GPGPG linkers and joined with cholera toxin beta subunit adjuvant. A multi-epitopes vaccine construct consisting of 226 residues was docked with MHC-I, MHC-II and TLR-4. The best docked complex in each case has binding energy of -714.6, -744.6 and -829.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the docking results were validated through molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energies estimation. The net energy of -137.2 kcal/mol was calculated for vaccine-MHC-I complex, -133.39 kcal/mol for vaccine-MHC-II and -158.68 kcal/mol for vaccine-TLR-4 complex. The designed vaccine construct could provoke immune responses against targeted pathogen and may be used in experimental testing.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ziyad Tariq Muhseen
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Monerh Saleh Alkeraidees
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Jamous YF, Alhomoud DA. The Safety and Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2. Cureus 2023; 15:e45602. [PMID: 37868494 PMCID: PMC10588549 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in numerous deaths worldwide, along with devastating economic disruptions, and has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In the wake of COVID-19's emergence in 2019, a variety of vaccine technologies were formulated and developed, including those that drew from the technology employed in messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, designed to curb the disease's transmission and manage the pandemic. mRNA vaccine has several advantages over traditional ones, and hence its development has received considerable attention recently. Researchers believe the mRNA vaccine technology will emerge as the leading technology because it is potent, inexpensive, rapidly developed, and safe. This article provides an overview of mRNA vaccines with a special focus on the efficacy and safety of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines against the different variants of COVID-19 and compare them with the Oxford-AstraZeneca (viral vector) and Sinopharm (inactivated virus) vaccines. The clinical data reviewed in this article demonstrate that the currently authorized Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines are highly safe and potent against different variants of COVID-19, especially in comparison with Oxford-AstraZeneca (viral vector) and Sinopharm (inactivated virus) vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya F Jamous
- National Center of Vaccine and Bioprocessing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Dalal A Alhomoud
- National Center of Vaccine and Bioprocessing, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, SAU
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García-Paba MB, Aparicio C, Rodríguez M, Moreno S, García E. Frequency of allergic reactions in egg allergic patients after receiving the yellow fever vaccine. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:139-147. [PMID: 37422790 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i4.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization with live attenuated viral yellow fever vaccine (YFV) grants effective immunity in most cases, and is recommended and prioritized for residents and travelers of endemic countries. YFV is seldom administered to egg-allergic patients (EAP) since it is cultivated in embryonated chicken eggs and may contain residual egg proteins, being a problem for egg-allergic residents and travelers of endemic countries. OBJECTIVE Describe the frequency of allergic reactions after YFV administration in confirmed EAP from an allergy outpatient center in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019. EAP whose allergy was confirmed with a positive Skin Prick Test (SPT) and/or egg protein-specific IgE levels who hadn't received the YFV were included. Every patient had an SPT, severe EAP, and an additional Intradermal Test (IDT) done with the vaccine. If the vaccine SPT and IDT were negative, the YFV was administered as a single dose; if either were positive, the YFV was administered in graded doses. Statistical analysis was done in Stata16MP. RESULTS Seventy one patients were included, 24 (33.8%) of those had a history of egg anaphylaxis. All patients had negative YFV SPTs, and two of the five YVF IDTs were positive. Two patients, with previous egg-anaphylaxis, presented allergic reactions to the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS YFV did not trigger allergic reactions in EAP without history of egg-anaphylaxis. With further research, safe single-dose vaccination to this population could be considered; however, patients with previous egg-anaphylaxis should be evaluated by an allergist before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz García-Paba
- Allergy Section, Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Allergy Research Group, UNIMEQ-ORL, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Aparicio
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mateo Rodríguez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Moreno
- Allergy Section, Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, ColombiaAllergy Research Group, UNIMEQ-ORL, Bogotá, ColombiaSchool of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth García
- Allergy Section, Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Allergy Research Group, UNIMEQ-ORL, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;
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Yousefian M, Khadivi A. Occurrence of erythema multiforme following COVID-19 vaccination: a review. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:87-96. [PMID: 37214146 PMCID: PMC10193109 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Yousefian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadivi
- School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Allergic Reactions to Vaccines in Children: From Constituents to Specific Vaccines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020620. [PMID: 36831156 PMCID: PMC9953196 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an essential public health measure that helps to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. Although vaccines have an excellent safety record and the association of severe allergic reactions is rare, public concerns about vaccine safety can lead to incomplete vaccination coverage in children with or without allergies. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms and implications of allergic reactions to vaccines and define strategies to manage them to provide the safest care for vaccine recipients. In this review, we provide an overview on the types of allergic reactions that can occur after vaccination, including those caused by various vaccine constituents. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying these allergic reactions and the recommended diagnosis and management strategies for children with a history of suspected allergic reactions to vaccines. An improved understanding of allergic reactions to vaccines can aid in the enhancement of the safety and effectiveness of vaccination.
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8
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ATAK Complex (Adrenaline, Takotsubo, Anaphylaxis, and Kounis Hypersensitivity-Associated Coronary Syndrome) after COVID-19 Vaccination and Review of the Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020322. [PMID: 36851200 PMCID: PMC9961741 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylactic events triggered by mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are neither serious nor frequent. Kounis syndrome is described as the concomitant occurrence of acute coronary events and hypersensitivity reactions induced by vasospastic mediators after an allergic event. Kounis syndrome caused by vaccines is very rare. Up to now, only a few cases of allergic myocardial infarction after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration have been reported. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by transient wall movement abnormalities of the left ventricular apex, mid-ventricle, or other myocardial distribution, usually triggered by intense emotional or physical stress. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after COVID-19 vaccine administration has been reported, usually with a delayed onset. A new entity characterized by the association of adrenaline administration, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, anaphylaxis, and Kounis hypersensitivity was recently described: the ATAK complex. Here, we report a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy that occurred together with an anaphylactic reaction to an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine that required the use of adrenaline. The timing of the allergic reaction and the referenced clinical symptoms could not exclude the idea that Kounis syndrome occurred. Therefore, we can assume the patient presented the ATAK complex. We believe that highlighting on this ATAK complex will aid the application of proper diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures.
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Koesnoe S, Maria S, Widhani A, Hasibuan AS, Karjadi TH, Khoirunnisa D, Yusuf M, Sumariyono S, Liastuti LD, Djauzi S, Rengganis I, Yunihastuti E. COVID-19 vaccine provocation test outcome in high-risk allergic patients: A retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100734. [PMID: 36530537 PMCID: PMC9744675 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High COVID-19 vaccine coverage is essential. Patients who are considered high risk for hypersensitivity reactions and have had an allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine are usually referred to an allergist for assessment of vaccination. Administration of a vaccine graded challenge (also known as a provocation test) is an option that can be considered in this population. This primary objective of this study is to describe the outcome of the COVID-19 vaccine provocation test and to understand the predicting factors associated with hypersensitivity reaction after the provocation test as the secondary objective. Methods Adult patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to the first COVID-19 vaccine and high-allergic patients who underwent COVID-19 vaccine provocation test up until May 2022 were included. A protocol using skin prick test (SPT), intradermal test (IDT), followed by graded challenge was developed for the determined vaccine used. Results A total of 232 patients were included in the analysis. Twenty-eight had hypersensitivity to their first COVID-19 vaccine dose and 204 were high risk for allergic reaction. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 20 patients (8.6%, 95% CI: 5-12.2%), consisting of 4 reactions after SPT, 9 after IDT, 7 during or after titrated challenge. Half of the reactions were mild; however, 3 patients developed severe reactions. Patients with history of anaphylaxis were more likely to experience hypersensitivity reaction after provocation test (aRR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.05-7.42). Conclusion Provocation test in COVID-19 vaccination has a high success rate in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the first COVID-19 vaccine and in high allergic patients. History of anaphylaxis is associated with hypersensitivity reaction after a COVID-19 vaccine provocation test.
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Key Words
- ACAAI, The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
- ADR, adverse drug reaction
- AE, adverse events
- Allergy
- Anaphylaxis
- BMI, body mass index
- CDC, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease
- IDT, intradermal test
- Provocation test
- SD, standard deviation
- SJS, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- SPT, skin prick test
- TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Vaccination
- aRR, adjusted risk ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukamto Koesnoe
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia,Corresponding author. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jl. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Suzy Maria
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvina Widhani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anshari S. Hasibuan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teguh H. Karjadi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dhiya Khoirunnisa
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iris Rengganis
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Haq HN, Khan H, Chaudhry H, Nimmala S, Demidovich J, Papudesi BN, Potluri SD. Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and hypersensitivity reactions. J Natl Med Assoc 2022; 114:601-612. [PMID: 36511275 PMCID: PMC9613973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19) is responsible for over 239 million cases and 4.8 million deaths globally (Data source WHO COVID-19 Dashboard accessed on October 14, 2021). It continues to surge and ravage countries, leaving healthcare systems in constant struggle and uncertainty. A variety of vaccines were developed to combat the spread of the COVID-19 Virus. Reports of possible allergic reactions with COVID-19 vaccines are a significant cause of public concern, especially among those with a known history of a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis). Here we review articles relevant to COVID-19 vaccines and their excipients (especially PEG (Polyethylene glycol) and hypersensitivity reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines (including clinical features, pathophysiology, special populations receiving COVID-19 vaccinations, potential diagnostic tests, and preventive measures that can be taken to minimize the risks of hypersensitivity reactions with COVID-19 vaccines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Haq
- Department of Medicine, All Saints University, School of Medicine, Roseau, Dominica.
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital Norristown PA 19401, United States
| | - Haroon Chaudhry
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital Norristown PA 19401, United States
| | - Swathi Nimmala
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital Norristown PA 19401, United States
| | - Joseph Demidovich
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital Norristown PA 19401, United States
| | | | - Sai Deepika Potluri
- Dept. of Internal Medicine MedStar Union Memorial Hospital 201 E University Pkwy, Baltimore, MD 21218 Unites States
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Granados Villalpando JM, Romero Tapia SDJ, Baeza Flores GDC, Ble Castillo JL, Juarez Rojop IE, Lopez Junco FI, Olvera Hernández V, Quiroz Gomez S, Ruiz Quiñones JA, Guzmán Priego CG. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adverse Effects and Allergic Reactions after COVID-19 Vaccines in a Mexican Population: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122012. [PMID: 36560422 PMCID: PMC9781330 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations have helped to control the COVID-19 pandemic; however, few studies focus on the adverse effects and allergic reactions of these vaccines and fewer have a scope in the Latin American population. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between vaccinations, sex, age, allergic reactions, and adverse effects. This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted between 1 July and 1 October 2022. The sample consisted of 443 surveyed participants, with a total of 1272 COVID-19 vaccine doses. Seven vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, CanSino, Moderna, Johnson and Johnson, Sinovac, and Sputnik V) were evaluated. A total of 12.6% of those surveyed had at least one allergic reaction posterior to vaccination, and females had a greater chance of developing one (p < 0.001, OR 3.1). The most common allergic reaction was chest pain, and Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca were associated with the onset of allergic reactions (p < 0.005). A total of 54.6% of those surveyed developed adverse effects, the most common of which were myalgia, fever, cephalea, asthenia or adynamia, and arthralgia; moreover, older age was associated with the onset of adverse effects (p < 0.5). This study concludes that the BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) and ChAdOX1 nCOV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines are strongly associated with the onset of allergic reactions, with ORs of 1.6 (CI 95%, 1.18 to 2.3) and 1.87 (CI 95%, 1.35 to 2.6), respectively. In addition, females have a greater chance of developing allergic reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, and there was a relation found between older age and a greater prevalence of comorbidities, adverse effects after vaccination, and COVID-19 infection after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Maximiliano Granados Villalpando
- Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Sergio de Jesus Romero Tapia
- Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe del Carmen Baeza Flores
- Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Ble Castillo
- Metabolic Disease Biochemistry Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juarez Rojop
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Frida Isabel Lopez Junco
- Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olvera Hernández
- Metabolic Disease Biochemistry Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Sergio Quiroz Gomez
- Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Jesús Arturo Ruiz Quiñones
- Research Center for Tropical and Emerging Diseases, High Specialty Regional Hospital “Dr. Juan Graham Casasús”, Villahermosa 86126, Mexico
| | - Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán Priego
- Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-993-242-8993
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12
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Yousaf M, Ismail S, Ullah A, Bibi S. Immuno-informatics profiling of monkeypox virus cell surface binding protein for designing a next generation multi-valent peptide-based vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035924. [PMID: 36405737 PMCID: PMC9668073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral etiological agent with hallmarks analogous to those observed in smallpox cases in the past. The ongoing outbreak of Monkeypox viral infection is becoming a global health problem. Multi-valent peptide based next generation vaccines provides us a promising solution to combat these emerging infectious diseases by eliciting cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Considering the success rate of subtractive proteomics pipeline and reverse vaccinology approach, in this study, we have developed a novel, next-generation, multi-valent, in silico peptide based vaccine construct by employing cell surface binding protein. After analyzing physiochemical and biological properties of the selected target, the protein was subjected to B cell derived T cell epitope mapping. Iterative scrutinization lead to the identification of two highly antigenic, virulent, non-allergic, non-toxic, water soluble, and Interferon-gamma inducer epitopes i.e. HYITENYRN and TTSPVRENY. We estimated that the shortlisted epitopes for vaccine construction, roughly correspond to 99.74% of the world’s population. UK, Finland and Sweden had the highest overall population coverage at 100% which is followed by Austria (99.99%), Germany (99.99%), France (99.98%), Poland (99.96), Croatia (99.93), Czech Republic (99.87%), Belgium (99.87), Italy (99.86%), China (97.83%), India (97.35%) and Pakistan (97.13%). The designed vaccine construct comprises of 150 amino acids with a molecular weight of 16.97242 kDa. Molecular docking studies of the modelled MEMPV (Multi-epitope Monkeypox Vaccine) with MHC I (PDB ID: 1I1Y), MHC II (PDB ID: 1KG0), and other immune mediators i.e. toll like receptors TLR3 (PDB ID: 2A0Z), and TLR4 (PDB ID: 4G8A) revealed strong binding affinity with immune receptors. Host immune simulation results predicted that the designed vaccine has strong potency to induce immune responses against target pathogen in the form of cellular and antibody-dependent immunity. Our findings suggest that the hypothesized vaccine candidate can be utilized as a potential therapeutic against Monkeypox however experimental study is required to validate the results and safe immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Maha Yousaf, ; Shabana Bibi,
| | - Saba Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Maha Yousaf, ; Shabana Bibi,
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13
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Bayerl C, Herbst M. [Polyethylengylcole - Friend or Foe?]. Laryngorhinootologie 2022; 101:784-786. [PMID: 36174565 DOI: 10.1055/a-1861-7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylactic reactions following vaccination are rare. However, anaphylactic reactions towards the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine were first reported in two patients in the UK and another 19 in the USA. Pegylation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was thought to be the possible culprit. Pegylation is a common process in the manufacture of vaccines in order to prevent early degradation by the immune system. PEG is a polyether like e. g. Laureth-9, polidocanol, thesit and macrogol and is found in foodstuffs, cosmetics and personal care products as well as in liposomes and nanoparticles, as drug-delivery-system and as osmotic laxans for gastroscopies/coloscopies. Given the widespread use of PEG, reactions to vaccinations are rare and therefore no reason to exclude allergic patients in principle or indeed those who know the exact cause of a former anaphylaxis. In Germany, medical doctors are obliged to report any severe adverse reactions following vaccination; it is hoped that this procedure will help to resolve any remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Bayerl
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hauttumorzentrum Wiesbaden, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
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14
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Samad A, Meghla NS, Nain Z, Karpiński TM, Rahman MS. Immune epitopes identification and designing of a multi-epitope vaccine against bovine leukemia virus: a molecular dynamics and immune simulation approaches. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2535-2548. [PMID: 35294591 PMCID: PMC8924353 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic delta-retrovirus causing bovine leucosis. Studies on BLV have shown the association with human breast cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism is neither known nor their appropriate preventative measure to halt the disease initiation and progression. In this study, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine against BLV using a computational analyses.
Methods Following a rigorous assessment, the vaccine was constructed using the T-cell epitopes from each BLV-derived protein with suitable adjuvant and linkers. Both physicochemistry and immunogenic potency as well as the safeness of the vaccine candidate were assessed. Population coverage was done to evaluate the vaccine probable efficiency in eliciting the immune response worldwide. After homology modeling, the three-dimensional structure was refined and validated to determine the quality of the designed vaccine. The vaccine protein was then subjected to molecular docking with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to evaluate the binding efficiency followed by dynamic simulation for stable interaction. Results Our vaccine construct has the potential immune response and good physicochemical properties. The vaccine is antigenic and immunogenic, and has no allergenic or toxic effect on the human body. This novel vaccine contains a significant interactions and binding affinity with the TLR3 receptor. Conclusions The proposed vaccine candidate would be structurally stable and capable of generating an effective immune response to combat BLV infections. However, experimental evaluations are essential to validate the exact safety and immunogenic profiling of this vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-022-03181-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Nigar Sultana Meghla
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
| | - Md. Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Bangladesh
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15
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Mahdiabadi S, Rezaei N. Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines: A narrative review of characteristics and potential obstacles on achieving herd immunity. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e787. [PMID: 36032518 PMCID: PMC9401640 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdiabadi
- School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Children's Medical Center Tehran Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Children's Medical Center Tehran Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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16
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Abdollahi M, Javan AJ, Shokrpoor S, Beidokhtinezhad M, Tamai IA. Pyoderma caused by
Proteus mirabilis
in sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2562-2567. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdollahi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Ashkan Jebelli Javan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Hygiene Semnan University Semnan Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ashrafi Tamai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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17
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Yousaf M, Ullah A, Sarosh N, Abbasi SW, Ismail S, Bibi S, Hasan MM, Albadrani GM, Talaat Nouh NA, Abdulhakim JA, Abdel-Daim MM, Bin Emran T. Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine for Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Pan-Genome and Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081192. [PMID: 36016080 PMCID: PMC9414393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive coccus responsible for the occurrence of cystitis in sexually active, young females. While effective antibiotics against this organism exist, resistant strains are on the rise. Therefore, prevention via vaccines appears to be a viable solution to address this problem. In comparison to traditional techniques of vaccine design, computationally aided vaccine development demonstrates marked specificity, efficiency, stability, and safety. In the present study, a novel, multi-epitope vaccine construct was developed against S. saprophyticus by targeting fully sequenced proteomes of its five different strains, which were examined using a pangenome and subtractive proteomic strategy to characterize prospective vaccination targets. The three immunogenic vaccine targets which were utilized to map the probable immune epitopes were verified by annotating the entire proteome. The predicted epitopes were further screened on the basis of antigenicity, allergenicity, water solubility, toxicity, virulence, and binding affinity towards the DRB*0101 allele, resulting in 11 potential epitopes, i.e., DLKKQKEKL, NKDLKKQKE, QDKLKDKSD, NVMDNKDLE, TSGTPDSQA, NANSDGSSS, GSDSSSSNN, DSSSSNNDS, DSSSSDRNN, SSSDRNNGD, and SSDDKSKDS. All these epitopes have the efficacy to cover 99.74% of populations globally. Finally, shortlisted epitopes were joined together with linkers and three different adjuvants to find the most stable and immunogenic vaccine construct. The top-ranked vaccine construct was further scrutinized on the basis of its physicochemical characterization and immunological profile. The non-allergenic and antigenic features of modeled vaccine constructs were initially validated and then subjected to docking with immune receptor major histocompatibility complex I and II (MHC-I and II), resulting in strong contact. In silico cloning validations yielded a codon adaptation index (CAI) value of 1 and an ideal percentage of GC contents (46.717%), indicating a putative expression of the vaccine in E. coli. Furthermore, immune simulation demonstrated that, after injecting the proposed MEVC, powerful antibodies were produced, resulting in the sharpest peaks of IgM + IgG formation (>11,500) within 5 to 15 days. Experimental testing against S. saprophyticus can evaluate the safety and efficacy of these prophylactic vaccination designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (N.S.)
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Nida Sarosh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (N.S.)
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Saba Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh;
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nehal Ahmed Talaat Nouh
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jawaher A. Abdulhakim
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 46522, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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18
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Escudero C, Prieto-Montaño P, Audicana MT. Adverse Reactions to Anti-Infective Vaccines: an Emerging Problem in the COVID-19 Era. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022; 9:250-272. [PMID: 35789930 PMCID: PMC9244417 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Vaccines are an essential tool for preventing infectious diseases and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccination has a significant impact at both individual and community levels, and COVID‐19 vaccination programs are a new example of the great value of this public health strategy. However, adverse reactions, especially severe reactions such as anaphylaxis, prevent these programs from progressing properly, thus limiting vaccination uptake in the population. Recent findings The frequency of reactions and types of vaccine components, with special attention to COVID-19 vaccines studies, provides information on the magnitude and causes of adverse events. The understanding of mechanisms involved has made it possible to adequately guide diagnosis, especially to COVID-19 vaccine components, such as polyethylene glycol, trometamol, and polysorbate-80. Summary This review focuses on adverse reactions to vaccines, with emphasis on allergic reactions. A diagnostic pathway is suggested that, on the one hand, enables to take the necessary precautions in persons with a history of allergy to vaccine components or allergic reactions to vaccines and, on the other, supports administration of subsequent doses. The overall objective is to ensure that people with allergy can be vaccinated in the same way as the rest of the population, and that they are offered alternatives where necessary.
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19
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Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker HR, Turpeinen H, Parkkila S, Hytönen VP. A reverse vaccinology approach on transmembrane carbonic anhydrases from Plasmodium species as vaccine candidates for malaria prevention. Malar J 2022; 21:189. [PMID: 35706028 PMCID: PMC9199335 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a significant parasitic infection, and human infection is mediated by mosquito (Anopheles) biting and subsequent transmission of protozoa (Plasmodium) to the blood. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are known to be highly expressed in the midgut and ectoperitrophic space of Anopheles gambiae. Transmembrane CAs (tmCAs) in Plasmodium may be potential vaccine candidates for the control and prevention of malaria. METHODS In this study, two groups of transmembrane CAs, including α-CAs and one group of η-CAs were analysed by immunoinformatics and computational biology methods, such as predictions on transmembrane localization of CAs from Plasmodium spp., affinity and stability of different HLA classes, antigenicity of tmCA peptides, epitope and proteasomal cleavage of Plasmodium tmCAs, accessibility of Plasmodium tmCAs MHC-ligands, allergenicity of Plasmodium tmCAs, disulfide-bond of Plasmodium tmCAs, B cell epitopes of Plasmodium tmCAs, and Cell type-specific expression of Plasmodium CAs. RESULTS Two groups of α-CAs and one group of η-CAs in Plasmodium spp. were identified to contain tmCA sequences, having high affinity towards MHCs, high stability, and strong antigenicity. All putative tmCAs were predicted to contain sequences for proteasomal cleavage in antigen presenting cells (APCs). CONCLUSIONS The predicted results revealed that tmCAs from Plasmodium spp. can be potential targets for vaccination against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Harlan R Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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20
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Abbasi BA, Saraf D, Sharma T, Sinha R, Singh S, Sood S, Gupta P, Gupta A, Mishra K, Kumari P, Rawal K. Identification of vaccine targets & design of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus using computational and deep learning-based approaches. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13380. [PMID: 35611169 PMCID: PMC9124463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual pneumonia infection, named COVID-19, was reported on December 2019 in China. It was reported to be caused by a novel coronavirus which has infected approximately 220 million people worldwide with a death toll of 4.5 million as of September 2021. This study is focused on finding potential vaccine candidates and designing an in-silico subunit multi-epitope vaccine candidates using a unique computational pipeline, integrating reverse vaccinology, molecular docking and simulation methods. A protein named spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with the GenBank ID QHD43416.1 was shortlisted as a potential vaccine candidate and was examined for presence of B-cell and T-cell epitopes. We also investigated antigenicity and interaction with distinct polymorphic alleles of the epitopes. High ranking epitopes such as DLCFTNVY (B cell epitope), KIADYNKL (MHC Class-I) and VKNKCVNFN (MHC class-II) were shortlisted for subsequent analysis. Digestion analysis verified the safety and stability of the shortlisted peptides. Docking study reported a strong binding of proposed peptides with HLA-A*02 and HLA-B7 alleles. We used standard methods to construct vaccine model and this construct was evaluated further for its antigenicity, physicochemical properties, 2D and 3D structure prediction and validation. Further, molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation was performed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability of TLR-4 and vaccine complex. Finally, the vaccine construct was reverse transcribed and adapted for E. coli strain K 12 prior to the insertion within the pET-28-a (+) vector for determining translational and microbial expression followed by conservancy analysis. Also, six multi-epitope subunit vaccines were constructed using different strategies containing immunogenic epitopes, appropriate adjuvants and linker sequences. We propose that our vaccine constructs can be used for downstream investigations using in-vitro and in-vivo studies to design effective and safe vaccine against different strains of COVID-19.
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21
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Wood CT, Ilyas AM. Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration: Diagnosis and Management. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2022; 4:111-117. [PMID: 35128359 PMCID: PMC8797178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) is a rare but potentially debilitating injury characterized by persistent shoulder pain, typically occurring within 48 hours of intramuscular deltoid vaccine administration. With over 150 million flu vaccines being administered in the United States each year, and the US Centers for Disease Control’s goal of immunizing greater than 70% of the population for the coronavirus disease 2019 virus, cases of SIRVA can be expected to rise. A search of current literature was done to identify published material corresponding to incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of SIRVA. Most events have been associated with poor needle placement and/or a local reaction to the delivered serum during vaccine administration. Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration events can lead to persistent and possibly permanent injury. Clinical evaluation involves a thorough history, physical examination, and often diagnostic studies including radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and nerve studies. Treatment is individually directed and should initially consist of observation and local symptom management. Recalcitrant cases or infections may warrant surgical intervention. Published outcomes vary widely, and our understanding of SIRVA remains limited. Large-scale studies are necessary to better understand the pathophysiology of SIRVA, its treatment, and its outcomes. Overall, the initial priority in managing SIRVA should be awareness and prevention.
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22
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Burlando M, Herzum A, Micalizzi C, Cozzani E, Parodi A. Cutaneous reactions to COVID-19 vaccine at the dermatology primary care. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 10:265-271. [PMID: 34837354 PMCID: PMC8767505 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines can cause adverse reactions, mainly from vaccine‐induced immune responses. Some of these may also involve the skin and worry unaware patients. A better understanding of such adverse reactions may reduce concerns and help promote the vaccination of large population groups. Methods All the reports of patients admitted to our Dermatology Primary Care, from March 2021 to June 2021, were retrospectively examined to collect descriptive data on skin reactions arising after COVID‐19 vaccination. Results Out of 200 vaccinated patients admitted to the Dermatology Primary Care, 21 (10.5%) referred cutaneous reactions with onset after vaccination. Only one patient required hospitalization for generalized bullous erythema multiforme, which occurred 48 h after the second vaccine dose. The other patients' cutaneous reactions to vaccination were of mild/moderate degree. Three patients presented exacerbation of their cutaneous diseases. Conclusions Cutaneous reactions observed in our sample were mostly mild or moderate. Awareness must be raised to recognize and treat eventual severe reactions. Future studies are needed to assess the incidence of cutaneous reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Burlando
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Largo R, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Astrid Herzum
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Largo R, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Micalizzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Largo R, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Largo R, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Largo R, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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23
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Yoshida M, Mizukami K, Hisasue M, Imanishi I, Kurata K, Ochiai M, Itoh M, Nasukawa T, Uchiyama J, Tsujimoto H, Sakaguchi M. Anaphylaxis after vaccination for cats in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:149-152. [PMID: 34789596 PMCID: PMC8810323 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe adverse reactions in cats after vaccination were examined from 316 cases reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan during 15-year period from April 2004 to March 2019. We found that 130 (41%) showed anaphylaxis, and 99 (76%) of the 130 cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death. Veterinarians should be well prepared to deal with vaccine-associated anaphylaxis in cats. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as indicator of purification was detected at high levels in commercially available feline vaccines. BSA might derive from fetal calf serum in culture media. This study provides useful information about anaphylaxis including critical details of the potential clinical signs associated with adverse events to feline vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University.,ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy
| | | | | | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Keigo Kurata
- ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy
| | - Masaki Ochiai
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety, and Information Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masato Itoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University
| | | | | | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University.,ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy
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24
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Dooghaie Moghadam A, Eslami P, Dowlati Beirami A, Iravani S, Farokhi E, Mansour-Ghanaei A, Hashemi MR, Aghajanpoor Pasha M, Mehrvar A, Nassiri-Toosi M. An Overview of the Current Hepatitis B Treatment Strategies after Liver Transplantation. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:5-14. [PMID: 34712432 PMCID: PMC8531931 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, liver transplantation (LT) is considered as the only option for the treatment of patients with various causes of liver failure, including patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Overall, patients with HBV who undergo LT are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection recurrence. Although the current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of this infection has been dramatically increased over the past few decades, it is still considered a complex disease process with varying degrees of clinical characteristics and changing patterns over time. There are various treatment strategies for preventing HBV recurrence in the LT setting. Generally, these regimens include oral nucleoside/ nucleotide analogues (NAs), hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), and vaccines or the combination of these drugs. The treatment strategy of choice should be based on cost-effectiveness, along with other patients underlying conditions. In this case, studies indicate that potent NAs are more cost-effective than HBIG in most case scenarios. In this article, we aimed to review the general medications used in the prophylaxis of the recurrence of HBV infection after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dooghaie Moghadam
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Eslami
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dowlati Beirami
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Iravani
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ermia Farokhi
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Hashemi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Aghajanpoor Pasha
- Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Mehrvar
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohssen Nassiri-Toosi
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Fata A, Jabbour G, Kourie H, Zoghbi M, Kassouf E, Zoghbi A. Rare cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine with a unique pattern similarity. Future Virol 2021. [PMID: 34707681 PMCID: PMC8529702 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new emerging virus causing mild-to-severe pneumonia was detected in China. The virus was described as a variant of SARS-CoV and was called SARS-CoV-2, then declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. Millions of people contracted the virus and presented with a symptomatology of variable severity, including upper respiratory tract symptoms, systemic symptoms and diarrhea. We herein report a rare skin presentation in a 33-year-old female that occurred both during COVID-19 infection and after receiving the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fata
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Kourie
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marianne Zoghbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elia Kassouf
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Zoghbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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26
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Burlando M, Herzum A, Cozzani E, Parodi A. Acute urticarial rash after COVID-19 vaccination containing Polysorbate 80. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:298-300. [PMID: 34703816 PMCID: PMC8511582 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian woman, who developed an acute urticarial rash after the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with Oxford-AstraZeneca. Though the most common cutaneous adverse reactions to vaccines are non-allergic, we believe the rash may represent an immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction against the vaccine excipient Polysorbate 80 (Pol80), configuring an acute allergic urticaria. Skin prick test with Pol80, were performed and resulted positive, confirming the role of Pol80 in eliciting immediate hypersensitivity in our patient. Of note, sensitizing excipients contained in COVID-19 vaccines are commonly used in everyday products and preexisting sensitizations may cause allergic reactions to vaccines, highlighting the need to undergo allergy consultation upon vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Burlando
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Astrid Herzum
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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27
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Structural and Functional Aspects of Ebola Virus Proteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101330. [PMID: 34684279 PMCID: PMC8538763 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), member of genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, have a non-segmented, single-stranded RNA that contains seven genes: (a) nucleoprotein (NP), (b) viral protein 35 (VP35), (c) VP40, (d) glycoprotein (GP), (e) VP30, (f) VP24, and (g) RNA polymerase (L). All genes encode for one protein each except GP, producing three pre-proteins due to the transcriptional editing. These pre-proteins are translated into four products, namely: (a) soluble secreted glycoprotein (sGP), (b) Δ-peptide, (c) full-length transmembrane spike glycoprotein (GP), and (d) soluble small secreted glycoprotein (ssGP). Further, shed GP is released from infected cells due to cleavage of GP by tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). This review presents a detailed discussion on various functional aspects of all EBOV proteins and their residues. An introduction to ebolaviruses and their life cycle is also provided for clarity of the available analysis. We believe that this review will help understand the roles played by different EBOV proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease. It will help in targeting significant protein residues for therapeutic and multi-protein/peptide vaccine development.
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28
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Liu J, Lu S, Lu C. Exploring and Monitoring the Reasons for Hesitation with COVID-19 Vaccine Based on Social-Platform Text and Classification Algorithms. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101353. [PMID: 34683033 PMCID: PMC8544370 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is globally rampant, and it is the common goal of all countries to eliminate hesitation in taking the COVID-19 vaccine and achieve herd immunity as soon as possible. However, people are generally more hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine than about other conventional vaccines, and exploring the specific reasons for hesitation with the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial. (2) Methods: this paper selected text data from a social platform to conduct qualitative analysis of the text to structure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons, and then conducted semiautomatic quantitative content analysis of the text through a supervised machine-learning method to classify them. (3) Results: on the basis of a large number of studies and news reports on vaccine hesitancy, we structured 12 types of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons. Then, in the experiment, we conducted comparative analysis of three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and naive Bayes classifier (NBC). Results show that the SVM classification model with TF-IDF and SMOTE had the best performance. (4) Conclusions: our study structured 12 types of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons through qualitative analysis, filling in the gaps of previous studies. At the same time, this work provides public health institutions with a monitoring tool to support efforts to mitigate and eliminate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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29
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Abi Zeid Daou C, Natout MA, El Hadi N. Biphasic anaphylaxis after exposure to the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6027-6029. [PMID: 34050949 PMCID: PMC8242856 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the setting of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic and increased disease burden, vaccination has become one of the major solutions. With the increase in vaccination numbers worldwide, it is important to stay vigilant to the potential side effects and life-threatening complications of such vaccines. We report the case of a 30-year-old male with a biphasic allergic reaction post messenger (mRNA) Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. Several reports of allergic reactions have been cited in the literature after the administration of the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. It is important to keep a high index of suspicion in severe anaphylactic cases as some patients may have a recurrence of symptoms after discharge. It is crucial to acknowledge the potential risk of anaphylaxis in select individuals and have the appropriate measures in place to deal with adverse events. In case of severe symptoms, the administration of epinephrine is advised to prevent the development of a delayed biphasic anaphylactic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Abi Zeid Daou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Mohammad A. Natout
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Nadine El Hadi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
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30
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Touray E, Barrow A, Kinteh B, Badjie M, Nget M, Touray J, Kinteh SLS, Jatta SPS, Ceesay L. Childhood vaccination uptake and associated factors among children 12-23 months in rural settings of the Gambia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1740. [PMID: 34560877 PMCID: PMC8464143 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, immunization prevents 2–3 million deaths annually from vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. In developing countries, several immunization programs have made progress, but the coverage remains a standstill in some areas. In order to inform policies and practices, the present study aimed at assessing vaccination uptake and contextual-associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in rural Gambia. Methods A community-based triangulated cross-sectional design was conducted in January 2020, with 200 caregivers with children aged 12–23 months in selected households in rural communities across Upper River Region of the Gambia using multistage sampling technique were recruited. A structured interview questionnaire was developed and Infant Welfare Cards were assessed to elicit information regarding contextual household characteristics towards childhood immunization uptake. Percentages, chi-square/fisher exact test for variables with p-value ≤0.15 were considered for inclusion into logistic regression model. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare significance. Results The proportion of children who received all the required vaccines was 66%. At the level of antigen-specific coverage, about 88.5% received BCG, 71% received OPV 3, 82.5% received Penta 3, while 72 and 71% received Measles-Rubella and yellow fever, respectively. Caregivers who had primary education level 88.8% (aOR = 0.112; 95% CI = 0.029–0.434), secondary & above 87.2% (aOR = 0.128; 95% CI = 0.029, 0. 561) and arabic/madrassa 95.7% (aOR = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.008–1.227) were less likely to be fully vaccinated when compared to those who have never been to school. Farmers are less likely by 88.9% (aOR = 0.111; 95% CI 0.020, 0.635) while children from family size of more than 20 members had reduced odds (aOR = 0.420; 95% CI = 0.197, 0.894) for their children to complete their vaccination schedule as compared to those with at most 20 household members. Conclusion There is moderately a burden of incomplete vaccination in rural Gambia. Vaccination programs should be constantly monitored and evaluated by the Ministry of Health, especially in rural areas. To increase societal awareness and vaccine acceptance, a robust community-based health education efforts are desperately needed as part of initiatives to increase vaccine service utilization for these high-risk classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima Touray
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia
| | - Amadou Barrow
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia. .,Department of Public & Environmental Health, School of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Kanifing, The Gambia.
| | - Bakary Kinteh
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia
| | - Mansour Badjie
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia
| | - Musa Nget
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia
| | - Jainaba Touray
- School of Public Health, Gambia College, Brikama, The Gambia
| | | | | | - Lamin Ceesay
- Regional Health Directorate, Upper River Region, Ministry of Health, Basse Santa Su, The Gambia
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31
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Nuwarda RF, Alharbi AA, Kayser V. An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1032. [PMID: 34579269 PMCID: PMC8473132 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has always been discussed due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. The growing interest in vaccines as a promising approach to prevent and control influenza may provide alternative vaccine development options with potentially increased efficiency. In addition to currently available inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant influenza vaccines on the market, novel platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles, and new vaccine formulations are presently being explored. These platforms provide the opportunity to design influenza vaccines with improved properties to maximize quality, efficacy, and safety. The influenza vaccine manufacturing process is also moving forward with advancements relating to egg- and cell-based production, purification processes, and studies into the physicochemical attributes and vaccine degradation pathways. These will contribute to the design of more stable, optimized vaccine formulations guided by contemporary analytical testing methods and via the implementation of the latest advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veysel Kayser
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (R.F.N.); (A.A.A.)
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32
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Immunoinformatics aided design of peptide-based vaccines against ebolaviruses. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 117:157-187. [PMID: 34420579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are at the forefront of emerging viruses and present a very perceptible threat to global peace and harmony. In the last decade, Ebola virus disease has claimed more than 90% of total lives since its inception in 1976. Owing to multiple host immune evasion methods employed by the virus and the limitations of traditional vaccine development approaches, finding a globally effective and reliable counter measure against Ebola virus remains a challenge. Highly conserved peptide fragments belonging to critical viral proteins and containing multiple epitopes which have the capacity to interact with a wide array of HLA molecules present a viable solution. Immunoinformatics or computational immunology enables rapid screening and shortlisting of plausible epitopes with a high immunogenic potential, thus, supporting expeditious elucidation of efficacious vaccine candidates. In light of above facts, we describe a computational methodology in this chapter for identification of potent peptide vaccine candidates against human infecting viruses. By applying this stringent methodology, we were able to identify multiple, immunogenic ebolavirus peptide fragments which, after verification in animal models, might be considered as part of future synthetic Ebola vaccine.
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33
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Maadarani O, Bitar Z, Elzoueiry M, Nader M, Abdelfatah M, Zaalouk T, Mohsen M, Elhabibi M. Myocardial infarction post COVID-19 vaccine - coincidence, Kounis syndrome or other explanation - time will tell. JRSM Open 2021; 12:20542704211025259. [PMID: 34394944 PMCID: PMC8361528 DOI: 10.1177/20542704211025259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of ST elevation myocardial infarction reported post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Probably premature to draw a link between COVID-19 vaccine and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Maadarani
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Zouheir Bitar
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Elzoueiry
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Nader
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Abdelfatah
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Tamer Zaalouk
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Mohsen
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Elhabibi
- Critical Care Unit/Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital - Kuwait Oil Company, Al-Ahmadi, 63000, Kuwait
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34
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Jain S, Baranwal M. Conserved immunogenic peptides of Ebola glycoprotein elicit immune response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:505-511. [PMID: 34343363 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past 45 years, ebolaviruses have periodically caused epidemics on the African continent. In December 2019, approval of a recombinant vector-based EBOV vaccine, named Ervebo, came as encouraging news; still, there is a long way to go in the development of an accessible, global, and pan-ebolavirus vaccine. The current study expanded our previous in silico work which was conducted on ebolavirus glycoprotein and this resulted in the identification of three potentially immunogenic peptides (P1 - FKRTSFFLWVIILFQRTFSIPL, P2 - LANETTQALQLF, and P3 - RATTELRTFSILNRKAIDF). An analysis to estimate the number of expected human leukocyte antigen (HLA) responders revealed that P1, P2, and P3 can potentially interact with 2540, 2150, and 2802 HLA alleles, respectively. Further, these peptides were subject to in vitro analysis wherein the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by peptide stimulated cells was studied in 10 healthy human blood samples with the help of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. P3 presented the best results, a significant (P < 0.05) peptide induced cell proliferation and IFN-γ stimulation for 8 and 10 samples, respectively, followed by P1 (5 and 6) and P2 (5 and 7). The in silico and in vitro results obtained in this study indicate the immunogenic potential of these peptides and warrant exploration of the effects on other cytokines as well as in vivo experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.,University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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35
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Crum T, Mooney K, Tiwari BR. Current situation of vaccine injury compensation program and a future perspective in light of COVID-19 and emerging viral diseases. F1000Res 2021; 10:652. [PMID: 35035888 PMCID: PMC8733825 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51160.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccines have had a great impact on disease prevention and mortality reduction. Very rarely, vaccines also can result in serious adverse effects. In consideration of this fact, vaccine injury compensation programs have been implemented in many countries to compensate a vaccinee for associated adverse effects. The existing vaccine injury compensation system addresses routine immunization schemes. However, there are rising concerns about the compensation for adverse effects caused by new vaccines such as those developed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this article is to review the existing vaccine injury compensation programs in different countries. The review also highlights the necessity to include all upcoming new vaccines for COVID-19 and other emerging viral diseases in the compensation schemes. Methods : Published articles relating to vaccine compensation injury programs, vaccines, injuries, disabilities, illnesses, and deaths resulting from vaccination were searched in data bases. Through a careful review of the abstracts, 25 relevant articles were selected for analysis. Results: We identified 27 countries on four continents with vaccine injury compensation schemes: 17 countries in Europe, 7 countries in Asia, the United States, a Canadian Province and New Zealand. No programs were identified in Africa and in South America. Program design, funding, and eligibility for compensation vary vastly between countries. We identified 17 countries operating well-established vaccine injury compensation programs. However, minimal information is available on numerous other countries. Conclusion: We have identified 27 countries operating vaccine injury compensation programs. In Canada, Quebec is the only province with a scheme; however, discussions are ongoing in Canada for nationwide implementation in light of COVID 19. Study limitations include limited scientific material, which hindered our research. Additional data concerning payout for each type of injury and the number of claimants related to a specific vaccine injury worldwide could provide a more comprehensive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommie Crum
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Dr The Quarter, AL-2640, Anguilla
| | - Kirsten Mooney
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Dr The Quarter, AL-2640, Anguilla
| | - Birendra R. Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Barbados, School of Medicine, Saint Michael, Wildey, BB 11100, Barbados
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Crum T, Mooney K, Tiwari BR. Current situation of vaccine injury compensation program and a future perspective in light of COVID-19 and emerging viral diseases. F1000Res 2021; 10:652. [PMID: 35035888 PMCID: PMC8733825 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51160.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccines have had a great impact on disease prevention and reducing mortality. Very rarely, vaccines also can result in serious adverse effects. In consideration of this fact, vaccine injury compensation programs have been implemented in many countries to compensate a vaccinee for associated adverse effects. The existing vaccine injury compensation system addresses routine immunization schemes. However, there are rising concerns about the compensation for adverse effects caused by new vaccines such as those developed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review focuses on vaccine injury compensation programs and highlights the necessity to include all upcoming new vaccines for COVID-19 and other emerging viral diseases in the compensation schemes. Methods: Published articles relating to vaccine compensation injury programs, vaccines, injuries, disabilities, illnesses, and deaths resulting from vaccination were searched in data bases. Through a careful review of the abstracts, 25 relevant articles were selected for analysis. Results: We identified 27 countries on four continents with vaccine injury compensation schemes: 17 countries in Europe, 7 countries in Asia, the United States, a Canadian Province and New Zealand. No programs were identified in Africa and in South America. Program design, funding, and eligibility for compensation vary vastly between countries. We identified 17 countries operating well-established vaccine injury compensation programs. However, minimal information is available on numerous other countries. Conclusion: We conclude that the vaccine injury compensation programs are available in limited number of countries across four continents - mostly in Europe. Lack of standard approach and scope of injury prevention and compensation programs across the countries exists. Some important limitations include limited scientific material, which hindered our research. Therefore, additional data concerning payout for each type of injury and the number of claimants related to a specific vaccine injury worldwide could provide a more comprehensive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommie Crum
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Dr The Quarter, AL-2640, Anguilla
| | - Kirsten Mooney
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Dr The Quarter, AL-2640, Anguilla
| | - Birendra R. Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Barbados, School of Medicine, Saint Michael, Wildey, BB 11100, Barbados
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Lopes NT, Pinilla CEO, Gerbase AC. Erythema multiforme after CoronaVac vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e717-e719. [PMID: 34236724 PMCID: PMC8446988 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N T Lopes
- Dermatology Service of Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária (ADS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - A C Gerbase
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research - GFMER, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tan MP, Tan WS, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Yap WB. M2e-Based Influenza Vaccines with Nucleoprotein: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:739. [PMID: 34358155 PMCID: PMC8310010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of conserved antigens for universal influenza vaccines warrants solutions to a number of concerns pertinent to the currently licensed influenza vaccines, such as annual reformulation and mismatching with the circulating subtypes. The latter causes low vaccine efficacies, and hence leads to severe disease complications and high hospitalization rates among susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. A universal influenza vaccine ensures cross-protection against all influenza subtypes due to the presence of conserved epitopes that are found in the majority of, if not all, influenza types and subtypes, e.g., influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and nucleoprotein (NP). Despite its relatively low immunogenicity, influenza M2e has been proven to induce humoral responses in human recipients. Influenza NP, on the other hand, promotes remarkable anti-influenza T-cell responses. Additionally, NP subunits are able to assemble into particles which can be further exploited as an adjuvant carrier for M2e peptide. Practically, the T-cell immunodominance of NP can be transferred to M2e when it is fused and expressed as a chimeric protein in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli without compromising the antigenicity. Given the ability of NP-M2e fusion protein in inducing cross-protective anti-influenza cell-mediated and humoral immunity, its potential as a universal influenza vaccine is therefore worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.P.T.); (N.B.M.A.)
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.P.T.); (N.B.M.A.)
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Yoshida M, Mizukami K, Hisasue M, Imanishi I, Kurata K, Ochiai M, Itoh M, Nasukawa T, Uchiyama J, Tsujimoto H, Sakaguchi M. Anaphylaxis after rabies vaccination for dogs in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1202-1205. [PMID: 34108336 PMCID: PMC8437711 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe adverse reactions after rabies vaccination in dogs were examined from 317 cases
reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan during
15-year period from April 2004 to March 2019. We found that 109 of the 317 dogs showed
anaphylaxis (0.15/100,000 vaccinated dogs), and 71 of the 109 cases of anaphylaxis
resulted in death (0.10/100,000 vaccinated dogs). We measured bovine serum albumin (BSA)
in four commercially available rabies vaccines and found the levels ranged from 0.1 to
16.6 µg/dose. Our survey showed that the rate of anaphylaxis to rabies vaccines in dogs is
rare, although some cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death. Veterinarians should be well
prepared to deal with vaccine-associated anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0329, Japan
| | - Keigo Kurata
- ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Masaki Ochiai
- Department of Quality Assurance Radiation Safety, and Information Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masato Itoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nasukawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
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Sampath V, Rabinowitz G, Shah M, Jain S, Diamant Z, Jesenak M, Rabin R, Vieths S, Agache I, Akdis M, Barber D, Breiteneder H, Chinthrajah S, Chivato T, Collins W, Eiwegger T, Fast K, Fokkens W, O'Hehir RE, Ollert M, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Riggioni C, Shamji MH, Sokolowska M, Jose Torres M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, van Zelm M, Wang DY, Zhang L, Akdis CA, Nadeau KC. Vaccines and allergic reactions: The past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives. Allergy 2021; 76:1640-1660. [PMID: 33811364 PMCID: PMC8251022 DOI: 10.1111/all.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations, when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical studies and through post-authorization and post-marketing surveillance and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally, we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grace Rabinowitz
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mihir Shah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Surabhi Jain
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Departmentt of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy &Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Center for Vaccination in Special Situations, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ronald Rabin
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de CienciasMédicasBásicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, España
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RETIC ARADYAL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Chivato
- School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - William Collins
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine Fast
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wytske Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit, Malaga Regional University Hospital-UMA-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Menno van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Dendritic Cell Tumor Vaccination via Fc Gamma Receptor Targeting: Lessons Learned from Pre-Clinical and Translational Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040409. [PMID: 33924183 PMCID: PMC8074394 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant recent improvements in the field of immunotherapy, cancer remains a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. In recent years, immunotherapies have led to remarkable strides in treating certain cancers. However, despite the success of checkpoint inhibitors and the advent of cellular therapies, novel strategies need to be explored to (1) improve treatment in patients where these approaches fail and (2) make such treatments widely and financially accessible. Vaccines based on tumor antigens (Ag) have emerged as an innovative strategy with the potential to address these areas. Here, we review the fundamental aspects relevant for the development of cancer vaccines and the critical role of dendritic cells (DCs) in this process. We first offer a general overview of DC biology and routes of Ag presentation eliciting effective T cell-mediated immune responses. We then present new therapeutic avenues specifically targeting Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) as a means to deliver antigen selectively to DCs and its effects on T-cell activation. We present an overview of the mechanistic aspects of FcγR-mediated DC targeting, as well as potential tumor vaccination strategies based on preclinical and translational studies. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the field of recombinant immune complex-like large molecules and their potential for DC-mediated tumor vaccination in the clinic. These findings go beyond cancer research and may be of relevance for other disease areas that could benefit from FcγR-targeted antigen delivery, such as autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
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Tobaiqy M, Elkout H, MacLure K. Analysis of Thrombotic Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 AstraZeneca Vaccine Reported to EudraVigilance Database. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:393. [PMID: 33923530 PMCID: PMC8074142 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe, effective, affordable vaccines against COVID-19 remains the cornerstone to mitigating this pandemic. Early in December 2020, multiple research groups had designed potential vaccines. From 11 March 2021, several European countries temporarily suspended the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine amid reports of blood clot events and the death of a vaccinated person, despite the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the World Health Organization's assurance that there was no indication that vaccination was linked. This study aimed to identify and analyse the thrombotic adverse reactions associated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. This was a retrospective descriptive study using spontaneous reports submitted to the EudraVigilance database in the period from 17 February to 12 March 2021. There were 54,571 adverse reaction reports, of which 28 were associated with thrombotic adverse reactions. Three fatalities were related to pulmonary embolism; one fatality to thrombosis. With 17 million people having had the AstraZeneca vaccine, these are extremely rare events The EMA's Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (18 March 2021) concluded that the vaccine was safe, effective and the benefits outweighed the risks. Conducting further analyses based on more detailed thrombotic adverse event reports, including patients' characteristics and comorbidities, may enable assessment of the causality with higher specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Tobaiqy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 45311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Elkout
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13275, Libya;
| | - Katie MacLure
- Independent Research Consultant, Aberdeen AB32 6RU, UK;
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Allergic Reactions to Current Available COVID-19 Vaccinations: Pathophysiology, Causality, and Therapeutic Considerations. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030221. [PMID: 33807579 PMCID: PMC7999280 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines constitute the most effective medications in public health as they control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases and reduce mortality. Similar to other medications, allergic reactions can occur during vaccination. While most reactions are neither frequent nor serious, anaphylactic reactions are potentially life-threatening allergic reactions that are encountered rarely, but can cause serious complications. The allergic responses caused by vaccines can stem from activation of mast cells via Fcε receptor-1 type I reaction, mediated by the interaction between immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against a particular vaccine, and occur within minutes or up to four hours. The type IV allergic reactions initiate 48 h after vaccination and demonstrate their peak between 72 and 96 h. Non-IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation via activation of the complement system and via activation of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 can also induce allergic reactions. Reactions are more often caused by inert substances, called excipients, which are added to vaccines to improve stability and absorption, increase solubility, influence palatability, or create a distinctive appearance, and not by the active vaccine itself. Polyethylene glycol, also known as macrogol, in the currently available Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and polysorbate 80, also known as Tween 80, in AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines, are excipients mostly incriminated for allergic reactions. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge of immediate and delayed allergic reactions in the currently available vaccines against COVID-19, together with the general and specific therapeutic considerations. These considerations include: The incidence of allergic reactions and deaths under investigation with the available vaccines, application of vaccination in patients with mast cell disease, patients who developed an allergy during the first dose, vasovagal symptoms masquerading as allergic reactions, the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, deaths associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and questions arising in managing of this current ordeal. Careful vaccine-safety surveillance over time, in conjunction with the elucidation of mechanisms of adverse events across different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, will contribute to the development of a safe vaccine strategy. Allergists’ expertise in proper diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions is vital for the screening of high-risk individuals.
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Khan S, Shaker B, Ahmad S, Abbasi SW, Arshad M, Haleem A, Ismail S, Zaib A, Sajjad W. Towards a novel peptide vaccine for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and its possible use against pandemic COVID-19. J Mol Liq 2021; 324:114706. [PMID: 33173250 PMCID: PMC7644433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging health concern due to its high mortality rate of 35%. At present, no vaccine is available to protect against MERS-CoV infections. Therefore, an in silico search for potential antigenic epitopes in the non-redundant proteome of MERS-CoV was performed herein. First, a subtractive proteome-based approach was employed to look for the surface exposed and host non-homologous proteins. Following, immunoinformatics analysis was performed to predict antigenic B and T cell epitopes that were used in the design of a multi-epitopes peptide. Molecular docking study was carried out to predict vaccine construct affinity of binding to Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and understand its binding conformation to extract ideas about its processing by the host immune system. We identified membrane protein, envelope small membrane protein, non-structural protein ORF3, non-structural protein ORF5, and spike glycoprotein as potential candidates for subunit vaccine designing. The designed multi-epitope peptide then linked to β-defensin adjuvant is showing high antigenicity. Further, the sequence of the designed vaccine construct is optimized for maximum expression in the Escherichia coli expression system. A rich pattern of hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions of the construct was observed with the TLR3 allowing stable binding of the construct at the docked site as predicted by the molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA binding energies. We expect that the panel of subunit vaccine candidates and the designed vaccine construct could be highly effective in immunizing populations from infections caused by MERS-CoV and could possible applied on the current pandemic COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 73000, PR China
| | - Bilal Shaker
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung ANG University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, the Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Ismail
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anita Zaib
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, the Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
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Bayerl C, Herbst M. Polyethylenglycol – Freund oder Feind? AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1352-6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAnaphylaktische Reaktionen nach Impfungen sind selten. Zwei Fälle von Reaktionen nach der Pfizer-BioNTech-Covid-19-Vakzine, BNT162b2, wurden aus dem UK berichtet, weitere 19 aus den USA. Als möglicher Auslöser wurde Polyethylenglycol (PEG) angeschuldigt. Pegylierung ist ein üblicher Vorgang in der Impfstoffherstellung, um die Substanzen vor schnellem immunologischem Abbau zu schützen. PEG ist ein Polyether (Synonyme z. B. Laureth-9, Polidocanol, Thesit, Macrogol) und findet sich in Kosmetika, Körperpflegeprodukten, Nahrungsmitteln, Liposomen und Nanopartikeln als Drug-Delivery-Systeme für Medikamente und als osmotisches Laxans vor Gastro-/Koloskopien. IgM-Antikörper auf PEG werden bei 70 % der Bevölkerung nachgewiesen. Bei 2 Fällen von Soforttyp-Reaktionen auf PEG fanden sich IgE-Antiköper, bei anderen Medikamentengaben mit PEG geht man von pseudoallergischen Reaktionen über die Komplement-Aktivierungs-related Pseudoallergie (CARPA) aus. In Relation zum weit verbreiteten Einsatz von PEG sind die Impfreaktionen sehr selten und aktuell kein Grund, Allergiker oder Menschen mit Anaphylaxien bei entsprechenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen auf bekannte Auslöser auszuschließen. Aufgrund der Meldepflicht (Gesundheitsamt und Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft) ist bald mit weiteren Erkenntnissen zu rechnen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bayerl
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Hauttumorzentrum Wiesbaden, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden
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Rencilin CF, Rosy JC, Mohan M, Coico R, Sundar K. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 CTL epitopes for development of a multivalent subunit vaccine for COVID-19. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104712. [PMID: 33422682 PMCID: PMC7836868 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An immunoinformatics-based approach was used to identify potential multivalent subunit CTL vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2. Criteria for computational screening included antigen processing, antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. A total of 2604 epitopes were found to be strong binders to MHC class I molecules when analyzed using IEDB tools. Further testing for antigen processing yielded 826 peptides of which 451 were 9-mers that were analyzed for potential antigenicity. Antigenic properties were predicted for 102 of the 451 peptides. Further assessment for potential allergenicity and toxicity narrowed the number of candidate CTL epitopes to 50 peptide sequences, 45 of which were present in all strains of SARS-CoV-2 that were tested. The predicted CTL epitopes were then tested to eliminate those with MHC class II binding potential, a property that could induce hyperinflammatory responses mediated by TH2 cells in immunized hosts. Eighteen of the 50 epitopes did not show class II binding potential. To our knowledge this is the first comprehensive analysis on the proteome of SARS-CoV-2 for prediction of CTL epitopes lacking binding properties that could stimulate unwanted TH2 responses. Future studies will be needed to assess these epitopes as multivalent subunit vaccine candidates which stimulate protective CTL responses against SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Fernando Rencilin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joseph Christina Rosy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Richard Coico
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chung EH. Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines and relevant adverse reactions. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2021.9.3.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon Atopy·Asthma Education Information Center, Daejeon, Korea
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Muir YSS, Bryant B, Campbell-Ward M, Higgins DP. Retrospective anti-tetanus antibody responses of zoo-based Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103841. [PMID: 32861731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetanus toxoids (TT) commercially available for use in horses and livestock are commonly used to vaccinate elephants and rhinoceros that are in human care. Although recommendations for booster intervals have changed in human and horse protocols to reduce the risks associated with hyper-immunity (i.e. B-cell anergy and hypersensitivity reactions) these have generally not been adopted in zoo protocols. Additionally, there is no evidence to demonstrate commercial TT immunogenicity in rhinoceros. In this study, a preliminary analysis of rhinoceros antibody responses to TT was conducted, in addition to an exploration of the impact of various booster frequencies on antibody responses in elephant. Retrospective analysis of archived serum samples was conducted for 9 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), 7 southern black (Diceros bicornis minor), one southern white (Ceratotherium simum simum), and two greater one-horned (Rhinoceros unicornis) rhinoceros. Pre-vaccination (baseline) samples and those following priming vaccination (rhinoceros only), annual and non-annual boosters were targeted. A commercially available competitive ELISA kit was used to quantify serum anti-TT antibodies. Average baseline and post-vaccination anti-tetanus antibody concentrations were greater in elephant (92 mg/L ± 42, n = 3, N = 3; 125 ± 76, n = 82, N = 9) than in rhinoceros (47 mg/L ± 39, n = 8, N = 8; 44 mg/L ± 37, n = 16, N = 7). Rhinoceros antibody concentrations did not differ markedly following vaccinations from their naturally acquired high pre-vaccination concentrations. Eight elephants demonstrated antibody maintenance for 3-5 years without a tetanus booster. Additionally, although five out of nine elephants developed local reactions consistent with delayed type IV hypersensitivity following some boosters, there was no association between high antibody concentrations and increased incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, no decrease in antibody concentrations was detected as a result of annual vaccination in elephants, though this does not entirely rule out potential for B-cell anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benn Bryant
- Taronga Western Plains Zoo, Obley Rd, Dubbo, 2830, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Damien P Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Naz S, Ahmad S, Walton S, Abbasi SW. Multi-epitope based vaccine design against Sarcoptes scabiei paramyosin using immunoinformatics approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sarti L, Lezmi G, Mori F, Giovannini M, Caubet JC. Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:883-896. [PMID: 32838592 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1814745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many countries in Europe now recommend and enforce mandatory vaccinations to improve vaccination coverage. Thus, the number of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) may show an increase. Among these events, severe hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines are rare. However, it is important that they be identified and recognized so that they may be adequately managed. AREAS COVERED The literature search was undertaken through PubMed and Embase to identify English-language papers focusing on hypersensitivity to vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Hypersensitivity reactions following vaccinations are rare and are classified according to their chronology and extension: immediate when they occur within the first 4 hours following administration and non-immediate when they occur later. Local reactions are the most common adverse event following injection of vaccines and generally do not require any allergy workup. Immediate reactions, however, are potentially IgE-mediated and require an allergy workup. In general, a previously known food allergy (i.e., egg or milk) is not a contraindication to immunizations. Patients with a known allergy to gelatin, yeast, latex, antibiotics, or other specific components of vaccines require an allergy workup before administration of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital , Florence, Italy
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades , Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Descartes , Paris, France
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital , Florence, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital , Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
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