1
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Han D, Ahn B, Min KD. Exploring preventive factors against insufficient antibody positivity rate for foot-and-mouth disease in pig farms in South Korea: a preliminary ecological study. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e13. [PMID: 38311326 PMCID: PMC10839178 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in livestock that has tremendous economic impact nationally. After multiple FMD outbreaks, the South Korean government implemented a vaccination policy for efficient disease control. However, during active surveillance by quarantine authorities, pig farms have reported an insufficient antibody positivity rate to FMD. OBJECTIVE In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of insufficiency among pig farms were analyzed, and the effect of the number of government veterinary officers was explored as a potential preventive factor. METHODS Various data were acquired, including national-level surveillance data for antibody insufficiency from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System, the number of veterinary officers, and the number of local pig farms. Temporal and geographical descriptive analyses were conducted to overview spatial and temporal trends. Additionally, logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between the number of officers per pig farm with antibody insufficiency. Spatial cluster analysis was conducted to detect spatial clusters. RESULTS The results showed that the incidence of insufficiency tended to decrease in recent years (odds ratio [OR], 0.803; 95% confidence interval [95% CIs], 0.721-0.893), and regions with a higher density of governmental veterinary officers (OR, 0.942; 95% CIs, 0.918-0.965) were associated with a lower incidence. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that previously conducted national interventions would be effective, and the quality of government-provided veterinary care could play an important role in addressing the insufficient positivity rate of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoon Han
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Pyeongtaek District Office, Pyeongtaek 17962, Korea
- Graduate of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Graduate of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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2
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Han JH, Yoo DS, Lee CM. Effect of a Mismatched Vaccine against the Outbreak of a Novel FMD Strain in a Pig Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3082. [PMID: 37835688 PMCID: PMC10571925 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2014, a novel foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus was introduced to a pig farm in South Korea, despite the animals being vaccinated. A marginal antigenic matching between the novel and vaccine strains potentially led to the infection of the vaccinated animals. To understand the impact of using an FMD vaccine on the transmission dynamics of an unmatched field strain, simulation models were employed using daily reported data on clinical cases from the farm. The results of this study indicated that immunisation with the FMD vaccine reduced the shedding of the novel FMD virus in pigs. However, there was no evidence to suggest that the immunisation had a significant effect in reducing the development of clinical signs. These findings highlight that the use of an unmatched FMD vaccine can confound the outbreak by altering the disease dynamics of the novel virus. Based on this study, we emphasise the importance of continuous testing to ensure antigenic matching between the circulating strains and the vaccine pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Han
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Malirat V, Caldevilla C, Cardillo S, Espinoza AM, Novo SG, Taffarel A, Benito MB, Bergmann IE. Broad immunogenic spectrum of monovalent and trivalent foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines containing O 1 campos, A24 cruzeiro and A Argentina 2001 strains against circulating viral lineages in cattle and pigs. Vaccine 2023; 41:5782-5790. [PMID: 37574343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
FMD remains endemic in many Asian and African countries where multiple variants of serotypes O and A, among others, currently circulate. Due to lack of cross-protection between serotypes and incomplete protection between some strains even within a serotype, an important challenge for the application of effective vaccination programs is to select highly immunogenic and widely cross-reactive vaccine strains. Adaptation of a candidate field virus for use as a vaccine can be quite complex, so that whenever possible, the use of well-established vaccine viruses could have enormous advantages. FMD vaccine strains harmonized for use in South America have shown excellent results in FMD control, not only in the region, where it is still used systematically as a preventive measure, but also more recently in some Asian countries. To gain further insight into the immunogenic spectrum of these strains, VN tests (VNT) were performed with sera from cattle and/or pigs vaccinated with monovalent (type O) or trivalent (types O and A) formulations against 122 type O and 32 type A field viruses isolated from 35 countries in Asia and Africa, belonging to different lineages. Almost all VNT titers obtained were within the expected protective level, indicating the wide immunogenic spectrum of high potency FMD vaccines formulated with O1 Campos, A24 Cruzeiro and A Argentina 2001 South American vaccine strains belonging to EURO-SA topotypes against currently active viruses from other topotypes. These in vitro results are in line with previously reported in vivo challenge tests in pigs against three A/ASIA/Sea-97 isolates and two isolates belonging to type O lineages O/SEA/Mya-98 and O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Malirat
- Centro de Virología Humana y Animal (CEVHAN), CONICET-UAI, Av. Montes de Oca 745, CABA, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Caldevilla
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana Km 38,5, (B1619IEA), Garín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Cardillo
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana Km 38,5, (B1619IEA), Garín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Espinoza
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana Km 38,5, (B1619IEA), Garín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Galdo Novo
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Talcahuano 1660, CP 1640 Martínez, Argentina
| | - Ana Taffarel
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Talcahuano 1660, CP 1640 Martínez, Argentina
| | - Melanie Barrios Benito
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Talcahuano 1660, CP 1640 Martínez, Argentina
| | - Ingrid E Bergmann
- Centro de Virología Humana y Animal (CEVHAN), CONICET-UAI, Av. Montes de Oca 745, CABA, Argentina.
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4
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Sarry M, Caignard G, Dupré J, Zientara S, Vitour D, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Host-Specific Interplay between Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3D Polymerase and the Type-I Interferon Pathway. Viruses 2023; 15:666. [PMID: 36992375 PMCID: PMC10054395 DOI: 10.3390/v15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. One of the issues related to this disease is the persistence of its causative agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). While the mechanisms of FMDV persistence remain unclear, there are clues that it may be related to protein-protein interactions (PPI) between viral proteins and cellular proteins involved in the interferon (IFN) response. Since FMDV persistence has been described in cattle, sheep and goats but not in swine, we screened PPI involving FMDV proteins and sixteen major type-I IFN pathway proteins from these four species by nanoluciferase-2-hybrid complementation assay, in order to identify new PPI and determine their host specificity. As the results concerning the 3Dpol were the most interesting in view of the limited data concerning its role in immune escape, we decided to focus particularly on this protein. The identified PPI were confirmed by GST pull-down. We identified PPI between 3Dpol and seven IFN pathway proteins, namely, IKKα, IKKε, IRF3, IRF7, NEMO, MDA5 and MAVS. These PPI are conserved among the four studied species, with the exception of the one between 3Dpol and MAVS, which was only found with the swine protein. We also showed, using luciferase reporter assays, that 3Dpol could inhibit the induction phase of the IFN pathway. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a putative role for 3Dpol in FMDV innate immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
- AgroParistech, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Caignard
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Juliette Dupré
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.C.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (D.V.); (L.B.K.)
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5
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Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with Commercial FMD Vaccines Elicits a Broader Immune Response than Homologous Prime-Boost Vaccination in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030551. [PMID: 36992134 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three commercial vaccines are administered in domestic livestock farms for routine vaccination to aid for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control in Korea. Each vaccine contains distinct combinations of inactivated serotype O and A FMD virus (FMDV) antigens: O/Manisa + O/3039 + A/Iraq formulated in a double oil emulsion (DOE), O/Primorsky + A/Zabaikalsky formulated in a DOE, and O/Campos + A/Cruzeiro + A/2001 formulated in a single oil emulsion. Despite the recommendation for a prime-boost vaccination with the same vaccine in fattening pigs, occasional cross-inoculation is inevitable for many reasons, such as lack of compliance with vaccination guidelines, erroneous application, or change in vaccine types by suppliers. Therefore, there have been concerns that a poor immune response could be induced by cross-inoculation due to a failure to boost the immune response. In the present study, it was demonstrated by virus neutralization and ELISA tests that cross-inoculation of pigs with three commercial FMD vaccines does not hamper the immune response against the primary vaccine strains and enhances broader cross-reactivity against heterologous vaccine antigens whether they were applied or not. Therefore, it could be concluded that the cross-inoculation of FMD vaccines can be used as a regimen to strategically overcome the limitation of the antigenic spectrum induced by the original regimen.
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6
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Sarry M, Vitour D, Zientara S, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Molecular Interplays with IFN Response and the Importance of the Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102129. [PMID: 36298684 PMCID: PMC9610432 DOI: 10.3390/v14102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant socioeconomic impact. One of the issues related to this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to persist in the organism of its hosts via underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The establishment of a virus–host equilibrium via protein–protein interactions could contribute to explaining these phenomena. FMDV has indeed developed numerous strategies to evade the immune response, especially the type I interferon response. Viral proteins target this innate antiviral response at different levels, ranging from blocking the detection of viral RNAs to inhibiting the expression of ISGs. The large diversity of impacts of these interactions must be considered in the light of the in vitro models that have been used to demonstrate them, some being sometimes far from biological systems. In this review, we have therefore listed the interactions between FMDV and the interferon response as exhaustively as possible, focusing on both their biological effect and the study models used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- AgroParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
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7
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Upadhyaya S, Mahapatra M, Mioulet V, Parida S. Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013-2018) from Southeast Asia. Viruses 2021; 13:1886. [PMID: 34578467 PMCID: PMC8473337 DOI: 10.3390/v13091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013-2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Upadhyaya
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Valerie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 ONF, UK; (S.U.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
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8
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Park MY, Han YJ, Choi EJ, Kim H, Pervin R, Shin W, Kwon D, Kim JM, Pyo HM. Post-vaccination Monitoring to Assess Foot-and-Mouth Disease Immunity at Population Level in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673820. [PMID: 34422940 PMCID: PMC8371437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Korea, domestic cattle, pigs, and goats were subjected to mandatory foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination and year-round serosurveillance since 2011. In 2020, approximately USD 95 million was spent solely for FMD vaccine purchase for 59 million livestock, and 1.25 million samples were tested to estimate the population immunity and demonstrate the absence of virus circulation. As the FMD vaccination program was revised in 2018, the post-vaccination monitoring (PVM) was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine program of three vaccines approved for routine use. To this end, monitoring post-vaccination immunity has been conducted by collecting 35,626 serum samples at 28 days post-vaccination following regular national vaccinations, which were carried out in April and in October in 2020. The design of the serological test for PVM was specially targeted at particular livestock groups, including dairy cattle, goats, and beef cattle aged 6–12 months, which were generally estimated to have a low expected seroprevalence. The risk factors had also been identified, considering the increased likelihood of infection in a particular location, herd size, and husbandry system applied in a targeted sample collection. Serum sample collection and SP-O and NSP antibody tests were performed by local veterinary laboratories using commercially available ELISAs. The current FMD vaccination program, which was performed twice a year following the regimen of primary vaccination and boost, resulted in over 80% population immunity. The seroprevalence monitored after the vaccination in fall was higher than the one studied in spring except in pigs. It was demonstrated that the seroprevalence of risk-based targeted samples ranged from 93.8 to 100% in cattle, 63.2 to 100% in pigs, and 20.0 to 100% in goats. Of note is the area near the North Korean borders which showed a relatively low seroprevalence among the targeted regions, and no NSP sero-positive reactor was detected in this region. When subpopulation immunity at the individual level was assessed, the seroprevalence in young cattle stock was slightly lower (95.8%) than that of adults (98.4%). In conclusion, the FMD vaccination campaign has been successfully implemented in Korea, and the PVM can be a supplementary program for massive routine surveillance in terms of providing timely information needed both to estimate population immunity and to properly target “risk-based surveillance.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - You Jin Han
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - HeeYeon Kim
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Rokeya Pervin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Shin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Doheon Kwon
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Kim
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Pyo
- Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
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9
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Choi J, Jo HJ, Jung SS, Choi J, Lee SH, Kim HH, Kim YJ, Kim B, Park JH, Kim J. Evaluation of swine protection with foot-and-mouth disease O 1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines against the O Mya-98 lineage virus from East Asia. Vaccine 2021; 39:1701-1707. [PMID: 33618945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two type O commercial vaccines, the O1/Campos and O/Primorsky/2014 vaccines, were studied to evaluate the in vivo efficacy in pigs against heterologous virus challenge with the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014 virus (O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage) isolated in Korea in 2014. The in vivo challenge results indicated that both vaccines induced a high heterologous virus neutralization test (VNT) titer by a single injection and successfully protected specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs from challenge infection. To determine the optimal vaccination age, a field trial with each vaccine was conducted with three one-shot-vaccinated groups that were injected at 8, 12, or 14 weeks of age and one two-shot-vaccinated group that was injected at 8 and 12 weeks of age in the pig farms. In these field trials, the improved serological performance at 20 and 24 weeks of age expected with vaccination at 12 or 14 weeks of age was not observed, although improved serological results were expected as the result of decreasing interference of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs), as MDAs waned with age. In addition, delayed vaccination resulted in MDA depletion at 14 weeks of age. Therefore, the optimal age for primary vaccination with two different formulated vaccines was 8 weeks old in pigs, considering that MDAs could provide a protective immunity against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection. Prolonged significantly higher VNT titers of immunized pigs were demonstrated in the two-shot-vaccinated groups. In total, the effectiveness of the two vaccines was demonstrated through efficacy tests and field trials in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Belsham GJ, Kristensen T, Jackson T. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Prospects for using knowledge of virus biology to improve control of this continuing global threat. Virus Res 2020; 281:197909. [PMID: 32126297 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the biology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has grown considerably since the nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA was determined. The ability to manipulate the intact genome and also to express specific parts of the genome individually has enabled detailed analyses of viral components, both RNA and protein. Such studies have identified the requirements for specific functional elements for virus replication and pathogenicity. Furthermore, information about the functions of individual virus proteins has enabled the rational design of cDNA cassettes to express non-infectious empty capsid particles that can induce protective immunity in the natural host animals and thus represent new vaccine candidates. Similarly, attempts to block specific virus activities using antiviral agents have also been performed. However, currently, only the well-established, chemically inactivated FMDV vaccines are commercially available and suitable for use to combat this important disease of livestock animals. These vaccines, despite certain shortcomings, have been used very successfully (e.g. in Europe) to control the disease but it still remains endemic in much of Africa, southern Asia and the Middle East. Hence there remains a significant risk of reintroduction of the disease into highly susceptible animal populations with enormous economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Belsham
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Thea Kristensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF. UK
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11
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Kim J, Kim T, Hong JK, Lee HS, Lee KN, Jo HJ, Choi J, Choi J, Lee SH, Lee MH, Kim B, Park JH. The interference effect of maternally-derived antibodies on the serological performance of pigs immunized with a foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:1723-1729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Ko MK, Jo HE, Choi JH, You SH, Shin SH, Jo H, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Kim B, Park JH. Improved foot-and-mouth disease vaccine with O PanAsia-2 strain protect pigs against O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 originated from South Korea. Vaccine 2020; 38:1120-1128. [PMID: 31810782 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efforts are required to develop foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Asia that can respond to the type O outbreaks that have continued with the devastating damage since 2010. It is necessary to develop vaccine strains that can provide protection against the ME-SA topotype, which has tended to spread into neighboring areas, and the frequent SEA topotype outbreaks. To this end, this study aimed to develop a FMD vaccine utilizing O PanAsia-2 that is able to provide broad protection against ME-SA as the vaccine strain, with a focus on the O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 virus (SEA topotype), the outbreaks of which have persisted in spite of the enforcement of FMD vaccination. The virus neutralizing antibody (VN) titer to the ME-SA topotype (especially, Ind2001 lineage) virus in pigs was the highest, followed by SEA, while the VN titers to the Cathay and EURO-SA topotypes were similar. In the O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 virus challenge test, all pigs were protected against the virus, and almost no virus shedding was detected after the virus challenge. In the immunization test performed on cattle and pigs, antibodies with sufficient protective activity were produced in cattle two weeks after the first immunization, and pigs exhibited lower immunity compared to cattle. However, immunity was improved enough in pigs to provide protection against the virus challenge after the second immunization, with a significant increase in antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Jo HE, Ko MK, Choi JH, Shin SH, Jo H, You SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Kim B, Park JH. New foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, O JC-R, induce complete protection to pigs against SEA topotype viruses occurred in South Korea, 2014-2015. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e42. [PMID: 31364326 PMCID: PMC6669207 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute epidemic that spreads rapidly among cattle and pigs. In 2014, in Korea, despite enforced vaccination, the type O Southeast Asia (SEA) topotype viruses (Mya-98 lineage) infected mainly cattle and pigs simultaneously, thereby causing enormous damage. If a vaccine that is completely protective against this FMD virus is developed and used, it can become a very important preventive measure in Asia, which is where this type of virus mainly circulates. The SEA topotype has been steadily evolving and transforming into new variations since it became epidemic in Asia. Therefore, it became necessary to develop a new vaccine that could provide protection against the FMD virus strain that was responsible for the 2014–2015 outbreak in Korea. This study aimed to develop a vaccine that would provide complete protection against the SEA topotype FMD virus to control sporadic FMD outbreaks, which occur despite the enforcement of vaccination, and to completely prevent virus shedding, thereby preventing the virus from spreading. The vaccine candidate virus developed in this study showed low pathogenicity and can be distinguished from the wild-type FMD virus strain. The developed vaccine was able to protect mice from SEA and Middle East–South Asia topotype virus strains and induced high titers of antibodies against both virus strains in pigs, thereby confirming the sufficiency of its protective function. In particular, the results of the SEA topotype virus challenge test in pigs revealed that perfect immunity was created in the vaccinated pigs, without virus shedding and viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo Hyung Choi
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyundong Jo
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Hwa You
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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14
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Hwang JH, Lee KN, Kim SM, Lee G, Moon Y, Kim B, Lee JS, Park JH. Needleless intradermal vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease induced granuloma-free effective protection in pigs. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e29. [PMID: 31161747 PMCID: PMC6538519 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling and preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. The effective prevention of this disease requires the use of high-quality vaccines to meet the criteria that enable customers to use them simply. The administration of FMD vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants in pigs can induce the formation of granuloma in the muscle of the vaccinated, which makes these vaccines a less preferable option. Therefore, it is important to establish an FMD vaccine and vaccine delivery tool that offers better immunity and safer application. This study compared the immune responses of intramuscular and needleless intradermal vaccination in pigs. When the same amount of an FMD virus (FMDV) antigen was administered to pigs, both the intradermally and intramuscularly vaccinated groups were protected completely against a challenge of the homologous FMDV, but the intramuscularly vaccinated group showed an overall higher level of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the formation of granuloma in muscle could be excluded in the intradermally vaccinated group. Of the oil-based adjuvants selected in this study, ISA 207 was effective in eliciting immunogenicity in intradermal vaccination. In conclusion, a new vaccine formula can be chosen for the delivery of intradermal route to exclude the possibility of local reactions in the muscle and generate protective immunity against an FMDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Kwang Nyeong Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Moon
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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15
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Spitteler MA, Romo A, Magi N, Seo MG, Yun SJ, Barroumeres F, Régulier EG, Bellinzoni R. Validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method for quantitation of foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen in vaccines and vaccine manufacturing. Vaccine 2019; 37:5288-5296. [PMID: 31353259 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease that affects the main meat and dairy production animals, including cattle, sheep, goats and swine. It is readily transmissible and countries where the disease is present suffer harsh international trade restrictions on livestock products and serious economic losses. Vaccines are important tools to contain outbreaks and maintain the status of free with or without vaccination, as defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The efficacy of vaccines is reliant on the content and integrity of inactivated virus particles. The long-established method to quantify the viral content of vaccines along the manufacturing process and in the final product is the 140S sucrose density gradient analysis. This method has been a valuable tool for many decades. However, it requires gradient preparation for each sample, a lengthy ultracentrifugation and a manual UV reading of the gradient, rendering it highly operator dependent and almost impossible to automate. We present a method to quantify FMDV particles in vaccines and intermediate process samples that is based on separation of components by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and measurement of virus by absorption at 254 nm. The method has been extensively validated; it is accurate, precise and linear. It is applicable to all FMDV strains and sample materials and has a good concordance with the 140S test. The proposed method uses off the shelf HPLC equipment and columns. It is easily automated for high throughput operation, affording a useful process analytical technology and a novel tool for control of final product by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Spitteler
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Romo
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Magi
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jong Yun
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, South Korea
| | - Fernando Barroumeres
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel G Régulier
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Bellinzoni
- Research & Development, Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Ruta Panamericana km 38.5, (B1619IEA) Garin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Kim T, Hong JK, Oem JK, Lee KN, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Ryoo S, Ko YJ, Park JH, Choi J, Lee SH, Jo HJ, Lee MH, Kim B, Kim J. Cross-protective efficacy of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine and the O 3039 monovalent vaccine against heterologous challenge with FMDV O/Jincheon/SKR/2014 in pig. Vaccine 2019; 37:1702-1709. [PMID: 30712811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After massive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks originated from Jincheon County from Dec. 2014 to Apr. 2015, the effectiveness of the previous FMD vaccine containing only the O1 Manisa as the O antigen, O1 Manisa + A Malaysia 97 + Asia 1 Sharmir trivalent vaccine, was questioned in South Korea, and a change in the O antigen in FMD vaccines was demanded to control the FMD caused by FMDV O/Jincheon/SKR/2014, the O Jincheon strain. Therefore, the efficacies of O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine and O 3039 monovalent vaccine were studied for cross-protection against heterologous challenge with the O Jincheon strain. In this study, the efficacy of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was better than that of the O 3039 monovalent vaccine, even though the serological relationship (r1 value) between O Jincheon and O 3039 was matched according to the OIE Terrestrial Manual. According to serological test results from vaccinated specific pathogen free pigs, virus neutralization test titers against Jincheon were good estimates for predicting protection against challenge. A field trial of the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was performed to estimate the possibility of field application in conventional pig farms, especially due to concerns about the effect of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) in field application of the FMD vaccine. According to the result of the field trial, the O1 Manisa + O 3039 bivalent vaccine was considered to overcome MDA. The results of the efficacy and field trials indicated that the O1 Manisa + O3039 vaccine could be suitable to replace previous FMD vaccines to control the FMD field situation caused by O Jincheon FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseong Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Kwan Hong
- Daesung Microbiological Laboratory, 103, Deogyeong-daero, Uiwang City, Gyeonggi-do 16103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Korean Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan City, Jeollabuk-do 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Reconstructing the evolutionary history of pandemic foot-and-mouth disease viruses: the impact of recombination within the emerging O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14693. [PMID: 30279570 PMCID: PMC6168464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock affecting animal production and trade throughout Asia and Africa. Understanding FMD virus (FMDV) global movements and evolution can help to reconstruct the disease spread between endemic regions and predict the risks of incursion into FMD-free countries. Global expansion of a single FMDV lineage is rare but can result in severe economic consequences. Using extensive sequence data we have reconstructed the global space-time transmission history of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage (which normally circulates in the Indian sub-continent) providing evidence of at least 15 independent escapes during 2013–2017 that have led to outbreaks in North Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, the Far East and the FMD-free islands of Mauritius. We demonstrated that sequence heterogeneity of this emerging FMDV lineage is accommodated within two co-evolving divergent sublineages and that recombination by exchange of capsid-coding sequences can impact upon the reconstructed evolutionary histories. Thus, we recommend that only sequences encoding the outer capsid proteins should be used for broad-scale phylogeographical reconstruction. These data emphasise the importance of the Indian subcontinent as a source of FMDV that can spread across large distances and illustrates the impact of FMDV genome recombination on FMDV molecular epidemiology.
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18
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Park JH, Tark D, Lee KN, Chun JE, Lee HS, Ko YJ, Kye SJ, Kim YJ, Oem JK, Ryoo S, Lim SB, Lee SY, Choi JH, Ko MK, You SH, Lee MH, Kim B. Control of type O foot-and-mouth disease by vaccination in Korea, 2014-2015. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:271-279. [PMID: 29169228 PMCID: PMC5879075 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On December 3, 2014, a type O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak began in Korea. Although vaccinations were administered, FMD cases increased steadily for five months, and reached 185 cases by April 2015. Most of the affected animals were pigs, which are vulnerable to vaccination. The FMD virus belonged to the South-East Asia (SEA) topotype that had been observed three times in Korea between April 2010 and July 2014. However, the FMD virus isolated in December 2014 had a unique feature; that is, partial deletion of the 5´ non-coding region, a deletion not seen in previous SEA topotype isolates identified in Korea. We conclude that this outbreak included the introduction of a new FMD strain to Korea, and that Korea was now affected by genetically similar FMD virus strains that are related to those from neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Eun Chun
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | | | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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19
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Lim DR, Kim HR, Park MJ, Chae HG, Ku BK, Nah JJ, Ryoo S, Wee SH, Park CK. A tailored reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for sensitive and specific detection of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in pool 1 region countries. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1898-1908. [PMID: 30054975 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) is essential for the prompt control of FMD outbreaks. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) are used for routine FMDV diagnosis as World Organisation for Animal Health-recommended diagnostic assays. However, these PCR-based assays require sophisticated equipment, specialized labour, and complicated procedures for the detection of amplified products, making them unsuitable for under-equipped laboratories in developing countries. In this study, to overcome these shortcomings, a simple, rapid, and cost-effective reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of serotype A FMDV circulating in the pool 1 region. The amplification could be completed in 40 min at 62°C, and the results could be visually detected by the naked eye without any additional detection systems. The assay specifically amplified the VP1 gene of the Sea-97 genotype of serotype A FMDV, but it did not amplify other viral nucleic acids. The limit of detection of the assay was 102 TCID50 /ml, which is 10 times more sensitive than RT-PCR and is comparable to the sensitivity of qRT-PCR. Evaluation of the assay using different FMDV strain serotypes showed 100% agreement with the results of RT-PCR. Surprisingly, the previously reported RT-LAMP assay did not detect all eight tested strains of serotype A FMDVs, due to multiple mismatches between primer and template sequences, demonstrating that it is not suitable for detecting serotype A FMDVs circulating in pool 1-region countries. Conversely, the newly developed RT-LAMP assay using improved primers can rapidly and accurately diagnose the genotype of Sea-97 strains of serotype A FMDVs from the pool 1 region. The established RT-LAMP assay in this study is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective tool for the detection of serotype A FMDV in the resource-limited pool 1-region countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Rae Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ha-Gyeong Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Wee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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20
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Lim DR, Kim HR, Park MJ, Chae HG, Ku BK, Nah JJ, Ryoo SY, Wee SH, Park YR, Jeon HS, Kim JJ, Jeon BY, Lee HW, Yeo SG, Park CK. An improved reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and specific detection of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:6-13. [PMID: 29964077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific swarm primer-based reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (sRT-LAMP) assay for the detection of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was developed and evaluated. The assay specifically amplified the VP3 gene of serotype O FMDV, but did not amplify the VP3 gene of other serotype FMDVs or any other viruses. The limit of detection of the assay was 102 TCID50/mL or 103 RNA copies/μL, which is 100 times lower than that of the RT-LAMP assay without swarm primers. The new assay is 10 times more sensitive than reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and is comparable to the sensitivity of real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Evaluation of the assay using different serotypes of FMDV strains showed 100% agreement with the RT-PCR results. The previously reported serotype O FMDV-specific RT-LAMP assay did not detect 20 out of 22 strains of serotype O FMDVs, probably due to multiple mismatches between the primer and template sequences, showing that it is not suitable for detecting the serotype O FMDVs circulating in Pool 1 region countries, including Korea. In contrast, the developed sRT-LAMP assay with improved primers can rapidly and accurately diagnose serotype O FMDVs circulating in Pool 1 region countries and will be a useful alternative to RT-PCR and qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Rae Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Gyeong Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Wee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bo-Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Woo Lee
- Institute of Research and Development, Scorpiogen Co., Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Geon Yeo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Park ME, You SH, Lee SY, Lee KN, Ko MK, Choi JH, Kim B, Lee JS, Park JH. Immune responses in pigs and cattle vaccinated with half-volume foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:323-331. [PMID: 28859272 PMCID: PMC5583420 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.s1.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current commercial foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, inoculating twice increases the formation of denatured meat due to granuloma or residual adjuvant at the injection site in pigs, resulting in economic loss. Therefore, we investigated protective antibody levels after reducing the amount of adjuvant in the vaccine. Field applicability of the experimental vaccine, made with a new adjuvant ISA 201, was tested by vaccinating farm animals with half-volume doses (1 mL/animal) of commercial vaccine and monitoring their immunogenicity. Among pigs, the group that received a half-volume dose showed similar or higher titers of structural protein antibody and neutralizing antibody than those receiving the standard dose (2 mL). In pigs, the durable effects of antibody titer of the reduced vaccine volume did not diminish up to the time of slaughter. Among cattle, boosting with a second 1 mL vaccine increased virus neutralizing antibody for the protective effects. The boosting effects were more marked in cattle than in pigs. The immune responses differed between species with the effect of the half-volume vaccination being lower in cattle than in pigs. In conclusion, the immune response to the half-volume vaccine was similar to that from the standard volume vaccine in pigs, but not in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Eun Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Korea
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22
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Galdo Novo S, Malirat V, Maradei E, Pedemonte A, Espinoza A, Smitsaart E, Lee K, Park J, Bergmann I. Efficacy of a high quality O1/Campos foot-and-mouth disease vaccine upon challenge with a heterologous Korean O Mya98 lineage virus in pigs. Vaccine 2018; 36:1570-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Mutational analysis of foot and mouth disease virus nonstructural polyprotein 3AB-coding region to design a negative marker virus. Virus Res 2018; 243:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Mahapatra M, Upadhyaya S, Aviso S, Babu A, Hutchings G, Parida S. Selection of vaccine strains for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (2007-2012) circulating in Southeast Asia, East Asia and Far East. Vaccine 2017; 35:7147-7153. [PMID: 29157957 PMCID: PMC5720463 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia with circulation of multiple serotypes and multiple genotypes within each serotype of the virus. Although countries like Japan and South Korea in the Far East were free of FMD, in 2010 FMD serotype O (O/Mya-98) outbreaks were recorded and since then South Korea has experienced several FMD outbreaks despite regular vaccination. In this study a total of 85 serotype O FMD viruses (FMDV) isolated from 2007 to 2012 from SEA, East Asia and Far East were characterized by virus neutralisation tests using antisera to four existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75, O/SKR/2010 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains, and by full capsid sequencing. Serological studies revealed broad cross-reactivity with the vaccine strains; O/PanAsia-2 exhibited a good match with 95.3%, O/HKN/6/83 with 91.8%, O/IND/R2/75 with 80%, and the putative strain O/MYA/2009 with 89.4% isolates employed in this study. Similarly O/PanAsia-2 and O/IND/R2/75 vaccines showed a good match with all eight viruses belonging to O-Ind-2001d sublineage whereas the vaccines of O/Mya-98 lineage, O/MYA/2009 and O/SKR/2010 exhibited the lowest match indicating their unsuitability to protect infections from O-Ind-2001d viruses. A Bayesian analysis of the capsid sequence data indicated these circulating viruses (n = 85) to be of either SEA or Middle East-South Asian (ME-SA) topotype. The ME-SA topotype viruses were mainly detected in Lao PDR, Vietnam, Myanmar and Thailand reflecting the trade links with the Indian subcontinent, and also within the SEA countries. Implications of these results in the context of FMD control in SEA and East Asian countries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK
| | | | - Sharie Aviso
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - Aravindh Babu
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK
| | - Geoff Hutchings
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK; School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
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25
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Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT3 Zimbabwe/4/81. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00801-16. [PMID: 27563037 PMCID: PMC5000821 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00801-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) serotype SAT3 virus ZIM/4/81, which belongs to a topotype 1 (SEZ), is reported here.
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