Preventive and Protective Effect of Nishamalaki in STZ Induced Diabetic Complications in Wistar Rats

Artocarpus altilis Extract Capsules Reduce Fasting Blood Glucose in Prediabetes

BACKGROUND: Management of prediabetes patients is essential to reduce the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes prevention strategies have been widely carried out with traditional medicine by the community. AIM: This study aims to assess the effect of Artocarpus altilis extract on reducing fasting blood glucose of the patients in Maros Regency, Indonesia. METHOD: The study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, dividing participants into intervention groups who received A. altilis extract (n = 37) and the control group who received placebo (n = 37). The assessment of fasting blood glucose through screening with a simple enzymatic method. A fasting blood glucose was then validated using the spectrophotometric method. The fasting blood glucose measurement was performed again after 28 days of intervention, besides physical activity, food intake, and education of prediabetes/diabetes prevention measurements. The A. altilis extract was developed after the cold maceration process using a freeze dryer at −60°C. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test, t-test, and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Most participants were female (68.0%), 40–49 years (51.9%), and stay-at-home parent (70.3%). The baseline data reports all variables were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.005). There was a significant decline in the intervention group after the intervention (114.89 ± 6.6 vs. 98.73 ± 4.8, p < 0.001) and no changes in the control group (113.62 ± 6.6 vs. 113.59 ± 6.7, p = 0.768). CONCLUSION: There is a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in the intervention group who received A. altilis extract.

An Ayurvedic formulation of Emblica officinalis and Curcuma longa alleviates insulin resistance in diabetic rats: Involvement of curcuminoids and polyphenolics

BACKGROUND

Nishamalaki is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), comprises Emblica officinalis and Curcuma longa.

OBJECTIVE(S)

One of the main cause of T2DM is Insulin Resistance (IR) hence, this study was planned to evaluate IR lowering effect of a standardized Nishamalaki extract "EmbliQur" in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced T2DM rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Curcuminoids (23.89% w/w), gallic acid (5.27% w/w) and tannins (25.44% w/w) were quantified from EmbliQur. Rats were fed HFD throughout the study of 45 days and received STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p) on the 15th day of the study. Rats with more than 250 mg/dl of fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) were considered diabetic and selected for administration of EmbliQur (500 mg and 1000 mg/kg) or the standard drug metformin (120 mg/kg, p.o) from the 18th day of the study for the next 27 days. FBGL and insulin levels of all rats were measured weekly and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done at the end of the study. The values of FBGL and insulin were used to calculate IR by the HOMA-IR, QUICKI and Matsuda methods.

RESULTS

Rats treated with STZ/HFD had significantly higher than normal FBGL and insulin levels throughout the study and exhibited skewed IR indices in the above three methods of IR assessment. EmbliQur treatment successfully lowered the HFD/STZ-elevated BGL and insulin levels, and ameliorated IR in all models of IR evaluation.

CONCLUSION

EmbliQur 1000 mg/kg was noted to be more effective than EmbliQur 500 mg/kg in alleviating IR.