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Bansal SK, Suri A, Suryan V, Singh NK, Barman S. Level of non-conventional lipid parameters and its comparative analysis with TSH in subclinical hypothyroidism. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 44:61-65. [PMID: 36049016 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to estimate lipid parameters in subclinical hypothyroidism and correlate it with TSH. METHODS Forty newly diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and Forty age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum lipid profile (i.e. HDL, LDL, TG, serum total cholesterol) of the subjects was estimated by standard photometric methods in a fully auto-analyzer (MINDRAY BS-300) using commercially available kits and VLDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald's formula. While serum Ox-LDL, Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B were estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay. RESULTS The parameters such as Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and small dense lipoprotein (sd LDL) were significantly increased in subclinical hypothyroid cases when compared with the control subjects (p<0.0001). In present study results showed significant positive correlations of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with Ox-LDL (r=0.85, p<0.01), sd LDL (r=0.71, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study focuses on the role of Ox-LDL, sd-LDL Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B that are sensitive indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism and can serve as a better & novel risk factor for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Arpita Suri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Varsha Suryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Smita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Atherosclerosis Development and Progression: The Role of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020299. [PMID: 35208622 PMCID: PMC8877621 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for large cardiovascular mortality in many countries globally. It has been shown over the last decades that the reduction of atherosclerotic progression is a critical factor for preventing future cardiovascular events. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have been successfully targeted, and their reduction is one of the key preventing measures in patients with atherosclerotic disease. LDL particles are pivotal for the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques; yet, they are quite heterogeneous, and smaller, denser LDL species are the most atherogenic. These particles have greater arterial entry and retention, higher susceptibility to oxidation, as well as reduced affinity for the LDL receptor. Increased proportion of small, dense LDL particles is an integral part of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, the most common form of dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance. Recent data suggest that both genetic and epigenetic factors might induce expression of this specific lipid pattern. In addition, a typical finding of increased small, dense LDL particles was confirmed in different categories of patients with elevated cardiovascular risk. Small, dense LDL is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which emphasizes the clinical importance of both the quality and the quantity of LDL. An effective management of atherosclerotic disease should take into account the presence of small, dense LDL in order to prevent cardiovascular complications.
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Jin X, Yang S, Lu J, Wu M. Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804214. [PMID: 35224026 PMCID: PMC8866335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plays an important role in the formation, incidence, and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Low-density lipoproteins can be divided into two categories: large and light LDL-C and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that sdLDL-C has a strong ability to cause AS because of its unique characteristics, such as having small-sized particles and low density. Therefore, this has become the focus of further research. However, the specific mechanisms regarding the involvement of sdLDL-C in AS have not been fully explained. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of sdLDL-C in AS by reviewing relevant literature in recent years. It was found that sdLDL-C can increase the atherogenic effect by regulating the activity of gene networks, monocytes, and enzymes. This article also reviews the research progress on the effects of sdLDL-C on endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation; it also discusses its intervention effect. Diet, exercise, and other non-drug interventions can improve sdLDL-C levels. Further, drug interventions such as statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, and niacin have also been found to improve sdLDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- General Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Ma K, Shen G, Zheng D, Xuan Y, Li W. Impact of small and dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL)on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2611-2617. [PMID: 33675477 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of serum small and dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHOD From November 2019 to August 2020, 352 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI were recruited consecutively. Patients were divided into CI-AKI group (n = 71) and non-CI-AKI group (n = 281). CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (≥ 25% or ≥ 0.5 mg/dL) from baseline occurring 72 h after PCI. All subjects were tested for sd-LDL. RESULTS In the 352 eligible patients with STEMI receiving emergency PCI, 71 patients (20.2%) developed CI-AKI. The levels of sd-LDL in CI-AKI group was higher than those in the non-CI-AKI group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the sd-LDL was 0.741 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.538-0.636] in the STEMI patients receiving emergency PCI. CI-AKI model included the following five predictors: sd-LDL, NLR, Diabetes, Pre-PCI eGFR, and Log NT-proBNP. The AUC of forecast probability was 0.835 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.786-0.883].The Hosmer-Lemeshow test has a P value of 0.519, which confirms the model's goodness of fit. CONCLUSION Increased sd-LDL is independently associated with risk of CI-AKI in STEMI patients treated by primary PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guoqi Shen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongli Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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Vukovic R, Zeljkovic A, Bufan B, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Milenkovic T, Vekic J. Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Dyslipidemia in Childhood: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:868. [PMID: 31920978 PMCID: PMC6914680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in the pediatric population. Development of AIT is mediated mainly by cellular immune response directed toward thyroid autoantigens, leading to inflammation and impaired function of thyroid gland. Both thyroid dysfunction and inflammation affect the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. The alterations in lipid profile worsen with the advancement of hypothyroidism, ranging from discrete changes in euthyroid AIT patients, to atherogenic dyslipidemia in the overt hypothyroidism. In this review, characteristics of dyslipidemia in pediatric AIT patients, and the consequences in respect to the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development are discussed. Additionally, benefit of L-thyroxine treatment on serum lipid profile in pediatric AIT patients is addressed. Finally, potential usefulness of novel lipid biomarkers, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), non-cholesterol sterols, low-density lipoprotein particle size and number, and high-density lipoprotein structure and functionality in AIT patients is also covered. Further longitudinal studies are needed in order to elucidate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with Hashimoto AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rade Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Rade Vukovic
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Milenkovic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hashemi MM, Kosari E, Mansourian AR, Marjani A. Serum levels of nitrite/nitrate, lipid profile, and Fasting Plasma Glucose and their associations in subclinical hypothyroid women before and after a two month treatment by levothyroxine. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MÉDECINE INTERNE 2017; 55:205-211. [PMID: 28590917 DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is a condition defined by elevated TSH values with normal levels of free thyroid hormones. Altered metabolic status is one of the consequences of sHT which can affect serum levels of FPG, lipid profile, and nitric oxide which propounds cardiovascular consequences per se. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of sHT on nitrite/nitrate levels, as a marker of endothelial performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 females were enrolled in this study, 25 women as control group and 25 women as case group (evaluated two times: before and after levothyroxine therapy). Blood samples were collected and levels of FPG, lipid profile components, and nitric oxide were measured spectrophotometrically. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software. RESULTS The levels of lipid profile (except for TG between before and after group, p < 0.05) and nitric oxide did not differ in groups while FPG was significantly higher in case groups in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). Nitric oxide had no correlations with any of variables except for LDL in after treatment group (p < 0.05 and r = 0.397). CONCLUSION Nitric oxide does not have correlation with components of lipid profile (except for LDL) or FPG and has no differences in subclinical hypothyroid patients and control group. Levothyroxine therapy during 2 months cannot alter the levels of nitric oxide in subclinical hypothyroid patients.
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