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Vens C, van Luijk P, Vogelius RI, El Naqa I, Humbert-Vidan L, von Neubeck C, Gomez-Roman N, Bahn E, Brualla L, Böhlen TT, Ecker S, Koch R, Handeland A, Pereira S, Possenti L, Rancati T, Todor D, Vanderstraeten B, Van Heerden M, Ullrich W, Jackson M, Alber M, Marignol L. A joint physics and radiobiology DREAM team vision - Towards better response prediction models to advance radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2024; 196:110277. [PMID: 38670264 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy developed empirically through experience balancing tumour control and normal tissue toxicities. Early simple mathematical models formalized this practical knowledge and enabled effective cancer treatment to date. Remarkable advances in technology, computing, and experimental biology now create opportunities to incorporate this knowledge into enhanced computational models. The ESTRO DREAM (Dose Response, Experiment, Analysis, Modelling) workshop brought together experts across disciplines to pursue the vision of personalized radiotherapy for optimal outcomes through advanced modelling. The ultimate vision is leveraging quantitative models dynamically during therapy to ultimately achieve truly adaptive and biologically guided radiotherapy at the population as well as individual patient-based levels. This requires the generation of models that inform response-based adaptations, individually optimized delivery and enable biological monitoring to provide decision support to clinicians. The goal is expanding to models that can drive the realization of personalized therapy for optimal outcomes. This position paper provides their propositions that describe how innovations in biology, physics, mathematics, and data science including AI could inform models and improve predictions. It consolidates the DREAM team's consensus on scientific priorities and organizational requirements. Scientifically, it stresses the need for rigorous, multifaceted model development, comprehensive validation and clinical applicability and significance. Organizationally, it reinforces the prerequisites of interdisciplinary research and collaboration between physicians, medical physicists, radiobiologists, and computational scientists throughout model development. Solely by a shared understanding of clinical needs, biological mechanisms, and computational methods, more informed models can be created. Future research environment and support must facilitate this integrative method of operation across multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vens
- School of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P van Luijk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R I Vogelius
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - I El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States.
| | - L Humbert-Vidan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, United States; Department of MedicalPhysics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C von Neubeck
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - N Gomez-Roman
- Strathclyde Institute of Phrmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Bahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Brualla
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Essen, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - T T Böhlen
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Ecker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Wien, Austria
| | - R Koch
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - A Handeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Pereira
- Neolys Diagnostics, 7 Allée de l'Europe, 67960 Entzheim, France
| | - L Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - T Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Todor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - B Vanderstraeten
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Van Heerden
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - M Jackson
- School of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Alber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Marignol
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang F, Gao J, Hao S, Tsang KT, Wong JPH, Fung K, Li ATW, Jia C, Cheng S. Empowering Chinese university health service providers to become mental health champions: insights from the ACE-LYNX intervention. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1349476. [PMID: 38585479 PMCID: PMC10995288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1349476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence shows that there is a high prevalence of mental health challenges including depression and anxiety, among Chinese university students. Providing mental health care providers with professional training is crucial to implementing effective mental health promotion initiatives in university settings. Globally, the focus of the mental health system is shifting to recovery and the importance of empowerment is increasingly being emphasized. There is a call to integrate empowerment education into professional training programs for health service providers with the goal of mobilizing them to become mental health champions capable of advancing mental health care. Method The ACE-LYNX (Acceptance and Commitment to Empowerment-Linking Youth and Xin i.e., "heart(s)" in Chinese) intervention took place at six universities in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. It aimed to promote mental health literacy and build capacity among mental health service providers (MHSPs) to enable them to become mental health champions at their universities and beyond. A total of 139 university MHSPs participated. We collected pre-, immediate post- and three-month-post-surveys. In addition, we recruited forty-five participants to take part in three-month- post-intervention focus group interviews to explore their experiences taking part in ACE-LYNX and applying the knowledge, skills, and insights they gained from the intervention. Result This paper reports on the effects of empowerment education, which is a key component of ACE-LYNX, on the MHSPs. Four themes were identified: 1) conscious awareness and behavioral change through psychological empowerment users; 2) professional insights and motivation for organizational empowerment; 3) non-self in the continuum of collective empowerment; and 4) interdisciplinary challenges and divergences in empowerment action. Discussion We found that it is critical to integrate empowerment education into professional training. The process of MHSPs developing their empowerment practice is characterized by their moving from individual to collective empowerment along a continuum, with organizational and collective empowerment taking place in a longer time frame. Experiential learning, empathy education, and critical reflection accelerated the continuous iterative transformative process of empowerment practices. To advance the integration of empowerment into mental health care, the engagement of organizational decision-makers and policy makers in empowerment training is critical to ensure alignment of empowerment values and competence at all levels of service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianguo Gao
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suyu Hao
- Department of Social Work, Law School, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ka Tat Tsang
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Tai-Wai Li
- Primary Care, Regent Park Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cunxian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengli Cheng
- Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Mallick S, Abouomar R, Rivas D, Sokolich M, Kirmizitas FC, Dutta A, Das S. Doxorubicin-Loaded Microrobots for Targeted Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300939. [PMID: 37378647 PMCID: PMC10753031 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro-sized magnetic particles (also known as microrobots [MRs]) have recently been shown to have potential applications for numerous biomedical applications like drug delivery, microengineering, and single cell manipulation. Interdisciplinary studies have demonstrated the ability of these tiny particles to actuate under the action of a controlled magnetic field that not only drive MRs in a desired trajectory but also precisely deliver therapeutic payload to the target site. Additionally, optimal concentrations of therapeutic molecules can also be delivered to the desired site which is cost-effective and safe especially in scenarios where drug dose-related side effects are a concern. In this study, MRs are used to deliver anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) to cancer cells and subsequent cell death is evaluated in different cell lines (liver, prostate, and ovarian cancer cells). Cytocompatibility studies show that MRs are well-tolerated and internalized by cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) is chemically conjugated with MRs (DOX-MRs) and magnetically steered toward cancer cells using the magnetic controller. Time-lapsed video shows that cells shrink and eventually die when MRs are internalized by cells. Taken together, this study confirms that microrobots are promising couriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic biomolecules for cancer therapy and other non-invasive procedures that require precise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mallick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | | | - David Rivas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Max Sokolich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirmizitas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Sambeeta Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
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Yelne S, Chaudhary M, Dod K, Sayyad A, Sharma R. Harnessing the Power of AI: A Comprehensive Review of Its Impact and Challenges in Nursing Science and Healthcare. Cureus 2023; 15:e49252. [PMID: 38143615 PMCID: PMC10744168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the impact and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in nursing science and healthcare. AI has already demonstrated its transformative potential in these fields, with applications spanning from personalized care and diagnostic accuracy to predictive analytics and telemedicine. However, the integration of AI has its complexities, including concerns related to data privacy, ethical considerations, and biases in algorithms and datasets. The future of healthcare appears promising, with AI poised to advance diagnostics, treatment, and healthcare practices. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remember that AI should complement, not replace, healthcare professionals, preserving the essential human element of care. To maximize AI's potential in healthcare, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical guidelines, and the protection of patient rights are essential. This review concludes with a call to action, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and collective efforts to ensure that AI contributes to improved healthcare outcomes while upholding the highest standards of ethics and patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yelne
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Minakshi Chaudhary
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Karishma Dod
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akhtaribano Sayyad
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ranjana Sharma
- Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Phase-In to Phase-Out—Targeted, Inclusive Strategies Are Needed to Enable Full Replacement of Animal Use in the European Union. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070863. [PMID: 35405853 PMCID: PMC8997151 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the European Union (and elsewhere), the overall use of animals in laboratories has failed to undergo any significant decline, despite six decades of purported adherence to the “3Rs” principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. In the EU, the 1986 adoption of a legal requirement to use scientific methods not entailing the use of live animals, rising public opinion against the use of animals and the almost exponential rise in development and application of non-animal new approach methodologies (NAMs) signals a readiness to end animal testing. Indeed, the European Parliament recently carried an almost unanimous vote to adopt an action plan to phase out the use of animals in research and testing. This article explores what is needed to make this action plan a success, considering all stakeholders and their needs. Abstract In September 2021, the European Parliament voted overwhelmingly in favour of a resolution to phase out animal use for research, testing, and education, through the adoption of an action plan. Here we explore the opportunity that the action plan could offer in developing a more holistic outlook for fundamental and biomedical research, which accounts for around 70% of all animal use for scientific purposes in the EU. We specifically focus on biomedical research to consider how mapping scientific advances to patient needs, taking into account the ambitious health policies of the EU, would facilitate the development of non-animal strategies to deliver safe and effective medicines, for example. We consider what is needed to help accelerate the move away from animal use, taking account of all stakeholders and setting ambitious but realistic targets for the total replacement of animals. Importantly, we envisage this as a ‘phase-in’ approach, encouraging the use of human-relevant NAMs, enabling their development and application across research (with applications for toxicology testing). We make recommendations for three pillars of activity, inspired by similar efforts for making the shift to renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions, and point out where investment—both financial and personnel—may be needed.
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