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Vens C, van Luijk P, Vogelius RI, El Naqa I, Humbert-Vidan L, von Neubeck C, Gomez-Roman N, Bahn E, Brualla L, Böhlen TT, Ecker S, Koch R, Handeland A, Pereira S, Possenti L, Rancati T, Todor D, Vanderstraeten B, Van Heerden M, Ullrich W, Jackson M, Alber M, Marignol L. A joint physics and radiobiology DREAM team vision - Towards better response prediction models to advance radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2024; 196:110277. [PMID: 38670264 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy developed empirically through experience balancing tumour control and normal tissue toxicities. Early simple mathematical models formalized this practical knowledge and enabled effective cancer treatment to date. Remarkable advances in technology, computing, and experimental biology now create opportunities to incorporate this knowledge into enhanced computational models. The ESTRO DREAM (Dose Response, Experiment, Analysis, Modelling) workshop brought together experts across disciplines to pursue the vision of personalized radiotherapy for optimal outcomes through advanced modelling. The ultimate vision is leveraging quantitative models dynamically during therapy to ultimately achieve truly adaptive and biologically guided radiotherapy at the population as well as individual patient-based levels. This requires the generation of models that inform response-based adaptations, individually optimized delivery and enable biological monitoring to provide decision support to clinicians. The goal is expanding to models that can drive the realization of personalized therapy for optimal outcomes. This position paper provides their propositions that describe how innovations in biology, physics, mathematics, and data science including AI could inform models and improve predictions. It consolidates the DREAM team's consensus on scientific priorities and organizational requirements. Scientifically, it stresses the need for rigorous, multifaceted model development, comprehensive validation and clinical applicability and significance. Organizationally, it reinforces the prerequisites of interdisciplinary research and collaboration between physicians, medical physicists, radiobiologists, and computational scientists throughout model development. Solely by a shared understanding of clinical needs, biological mechanisms, and computational methods, more informed models can be created. Future research environment and support must facilitate this integrative method of operation across multiple disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vens
- School of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P van Luijk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R I Vogelius
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - I El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States.
| | - L Humbert-Vidan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, United States; Department of MedicalPhysics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C von Neubeck
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - N Gomez-Roman
- Strathclyde Institute of Phrmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Bahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Brualla
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Essen, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - T T Böhlen
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Ecker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Wien, Austria
| | - R Koch
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - A Handeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Pereira
- Neolys Diagnostics, 7 Allée de l'Europe, 67960 Entzheim, France
| | - L Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - T Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Todor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States
| | - B Vanderstraeten
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Van Heerden
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - M Jackson
- School of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Alber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Marignol
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Humbert-Vidan L, Patel V, King AP, Guerrero Urbano T. Interpretability of a Deep Learning-Based Prediction Model for Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e468-e469. [PMID: 37785491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The development of radiation-induced toxicities is a multifactorial process. Existing DVH-based prediction models use traditional multivariate analysis to combine all the potential risk factors. Recently, deep learning (DL) has been proposed for predicting mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) directly from 3D dose distribution maps [1]. However, with this approach, incorporating non-imaging data such as potential risk factors presents challenges. We investigate the use of DL-based multimodality fusion for the purpose of radiation-induced ORN toxicity prediction. MATERIALS/METHODS This study explores early and late fusion strategies for combining 3D radiation dose distribution maps and clinical and demographic variables in the prediction of mandibular ORN incidence in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The results are compared to single-modality predictions with a random forest (RF) trained only on clinical variables and a 3D DenseNet40 trained on dose maps alone. We investigate two different fusion approaches. In the first, the image features extracted from the radiation dose maps using a 3D DenseNet40 were concatenated with the clinical variables into one single vector using a type II early fusion strategy. The combined feature vector was input into a fully connected layer for classification of ORN vs. controls. A final softmax activation layer was added to obtain the class predicted probabilities. The second approach used a late fusion strategy, in which the outputs from the 3D DenseNet40 and the RF model were combined by averaging the predicted classification probabilities for each of the two classes (ORN and no ORN) to obtain the final class decision on a case-by-case basis. RESULTS The AUROC values obtained for the late and early fusion models and the single-modality 3D DenseNet40 and RF models were 0.70, 0.68, 0.69 and 0.60, respectively. The highest AUC ROC was observed with the late fusion approach, which was statistically significantly different to that of the RF single-modality model with a significance level of 0.05. However, after Bonferroni correction (Altman 1999) for multiple comparisons was applied, resulting in a corrected significance level of 0.05/6 = 0.008 for each comparison, no statistically significant difference was observed between any of the models' AUROC values. This is most likely due to the lack of discriminative contribution observed from clinical variables, which on their own resulted in a poorly predictive RF model. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, no previous work has been published on the use of multimodal fusion DL methods to combine dose distribution maps and clinical variables in the prediction of mandibular ORN. Although non-conclusive results were obtained, this study demonstrates the potential of DL in the prediction of the multifactorial side effects resulting from radiotherapy treatments. [1] Humbert-Vidan L et al. Prediction of Mandibular ORN Incidence from 3D Radiation Dose Distribution Maps Using DL (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Humbert-Vidan
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Patel
- Department of Oral Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A P King
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Guerrero Urbano
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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De Felice F, Humbert-Vidan L, Lei M, King A, Guerrero Urbano T. Dynamic nomogram for long-term survival in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer after (chemo)radiotherapy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1955-1961. [PMID: 36427081 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to establish a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) in oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with curative (chemo)radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dynamic nomogram was constructed on 273 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated in a Tertiary Head and Neck Cancer Unit. The clinical features that were previously reported to be associated with OS were analyzed. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves. RESULTS The nomogram incorporated three explanatory variables derived from a decision tree approach including HPV status, N classification according to 8th edition TNM and early response to (chemo)radiotherapy. The nomogram was capable to predict OS with a validation C-index of 0.768. The proposed stratification in risk groups allowed significant distinction between Kaplan-Meier curves for OS outcome (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The nomogram provided an accurate evaluation of OS for oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with curative (chemo)radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Felice
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 326, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Humbert-Vidan
- Department of Medical Physics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Lei
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Guerrero Urbano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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