1
|
Wu J, You J, Wang X, Wang S, Huang J, Xie Q, Gong B, Ding Z, Ye Y, Wang C, Kang L, Xu R, Li Y, Chen R, Sun A, Yang X, Jiang H, Yang F, Backx PH, Ge J, Zou Y. Left ventricular response in the transition from hypertrophy to failure recapitulates distinct roles of Akt, β-arrestin-2, and CaMKII in mice with aortic regurgitation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:219. [PMID: 32309366 PMCID: PMC7154424 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Although aortic regurgitation (AR) is a clinically important condition that is becoming increasingly common, few relevant murine models and mechanistic studies exist for this condition. In this study, we attempted to delineate the pathological and molecular changes and address the roles of some potentially relevant molecules in an animal model of surgically induced AR. Methods AR was induced by puncturing the aortic valve leaflets in C57BL/6J mice under echocardiographic guidance. Results As early as 1 week following AR, the left ventricles (LV) displayed marked impairments in diastolic function and coronary flow reserve (CFR), as well as cardiac hypertrophy and chamber dilatation at both end-systole and end-diastole. LV free wall thickening and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in LV were observed 2 weeks following of AR while a decline in ejection fraction was not seen until after 4 weeks. Nppa (natriuretic peptide A) and Nppb (natriuretic peptide B) increased over time, in conjunction with prominent Akt activation as well as slight CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) activation and biphasic changes in β-arrestin-2 expression. Treatment of AR mice with Akt inhibition exacerbated the eccentric hypertrophy, while neither inhibition of CaMKII nor β-arrestin-2 overexpression influenced the response to AR. Conclusions Our structural, functional, molecular and therapeutic analyses reveal that Akt, but not CaMKII or β-arrestin-2, plays a regulatory role in the development of LV remodeling after AR in Mice. These results may shed important light on therapeutic targets for volume overloaded cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jieyun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qihai Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Baoyong Gong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhiwen Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Le Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Heart Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - MarÃa Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han W, Han Y, Liu X, Shang X. Effect of miR-29a inhibition on ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:821-6. [PMID: 25308856 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether inhibition of miR-29a functioning prevents the hypertension-induced ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Patients diagnosed with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were recruited for the study. Serum levels of miR-29a were determined by RT-PCR. Levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), collagen type I and III (PINP and PIIINP) were determined by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was established. 7 days after surgery, TAC mice were injected intraperitoneally with antagomir miR-29a or vehicle once a day for 3 days. After 4 weeks of surgery, animals were sacrificed and cross-sections of the hearts were stained and evaluated for hypertrophy and fibrosis. The expression of the protein markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis was determined by immunoblotting. The serum level of miR-29a in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly higher than those in patients with hypertension alone (p < 0.05). The levels of serum miR-29a were positively correlated with those of PINP, PIIINP, and MMP-9 (r = 0.58, 0.45, 0.66, respectively, p < 0.05). In mouse model of pressure overload, the antagomir miR-29a was found to significantly suppress the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and the expression of ANP and β-MHC, the hypertrophy indices. Also, the ventricular fibrosis and expression of the marker proteins were blocked in antagomir treated mice. The inhibition of miR-29a was found to be effective in improving the ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy caused by pressure overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Zhou YQ, Zou Y, Henkelman M. Evaluation of bi-ventricular coronary flow patterns using high-frequency ultrasound in mice with transverse aortic constriction. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2053-2065. [PMID: 23932279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using high-frequency color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound, we evaluated the flow patterns of the left (LCA), septal (SCA) and right (RCA) coronary arteries in mice with and without transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Fifty-two male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to TAC or a corresponding sham operation. At 2 and 8Â wk post-surgery, Doppler flow spectra from the three coronary arteries, together with morphologic and functional parameters of the left and right ventricles, were measured. Histology was performed to evaluate myocyte size and neo-angiogenesis in both ventricles. In sham-operated mice, the LCA and SCA both exhibited low-flow waveforms during systole and dominantly higher-flow waveforms during diastole. The RCA exhibited generally lower flow velocity, with similar systolic and diastolic waveforms. TAC significantly increased the systolic flow velocities of all coronary arteries, but enhanced the flow mainly in the LCA and SCA. In the left ventricle, coronary flow reserve was partially preserved 2 wk post-TAC, but decreased at 8 wk, consistent with changes in neo-angiogenesis and systolic function. In contrast, no significant change was found in the coronary flow reserve, structure or function of the right ventricle. This study has established a protocol for evaluating the flow pattern in three principal coronary arteries in mice using Doppler ultrasound and illustrated the difference among three vessels at baseline. In mice with TAC, the difference in the associating pattern of coronary flow dynamics with the myocardial structure and function between the left and right ventricles provides further insights into ventricular remodeling under pressure overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su RJ, Zhang JM, Li RJ, Sun Y, Jiang B, Ma N, Li ZA, Luo XH, Song L, Xue JL, Wang Z, Yang Y. Ultrasound bio-microscopy for measurement of coronary artery flow and estimation of infarct size in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2044-2052. [PMID: 23993171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound bio-microscopy was used to measure hemodynamic changes in the left main coronary artery after myocardial infarction (MI), and its usefulness in estimating infarct size was evaluated. MI was induced by left anterior descending artery ligation. Diastolic peak velocity (Vd), mean flow velocity (Vmean) and the velocity-time integral (VTI) were measured 2 and 6 h after MI. Serum troponin I levels were assayed 2, 6 and 12 h after MI. At 2 h, Vmean and VTI significantly differed between mice that underwent low and high left anterior descending artery ligation; Vd, Vmean and VTI were correlated with infarct size (r = -0.557, -0.693 and -0.672, respectively; all p < 0.01). Infarct size was more strongly correlated with 2-h ultrasound bio-microscopy measurements than with 2-h serum troponin I level. Measurement of coronary artery blood flow by ultrasound bio-microscopy may be useful for early estimation of infarct size in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Juan Su
- Ultrasound Department of Beijing AnZhen Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch1 signaling controls the cardiac adaptation to stress. We therefore aimed to validate whether olmesartan, a widely used angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, ameliorates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction via delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4)/Notch1 pathway in mice with chronic pressure overload. METHODS Cardiac pressure overload was produced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). A total of 35 wide-type C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group, TAC group, TAC + olmesartan group, and TAC + olmsartan + DAPT group (DAPT: γ-secretase inhibitor, Notch signaling inhibitor). Saline (10 mL·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or the same volume of olmesartan liquor (3 mg·kg(-1) d(-1)) was administered by gavage, and DAPT (10 μmole·kg(-1)·d(-1)) by peritoneal injection. After 28 days of treatment, cardiac hemodynamics, echocardiography, and histology were evaluated, followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of fetal gene (ANP and SAA) expression. Notch1-related proteins and ERK1/2 were examined by western blot, and the serum level of angiotensin II was determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Persistent pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy, dysfunction, fibrosis, and microcirculation dysfunction, together with the upregulation of angiotensin II, ERK1/2, and fetal gene expression. By the activation of DLL4/Notch1, olmesartan decreased left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, preserved cardiac function, and improved capillary density and coronary perfusion. All these curative effects were suppressed by pharmacological blockade of Notch signaling with DAPT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a heretofore unknown pharmacological mechanism that olmesartan improves cardiac remodeling and function via DLL4/Notch1 pathway activation in mice with chronic pressure overload, which may present a new therapeutic target for hypertension.
Collapse
|
7
|
You J, Wu J, Ge J, Zou Y. Comparison between adenosine and isoflurane for assessing the coronary flow reserve in mouse models of left ventricular pressure and volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1199-207. [PMID: 23001834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine and high-concentration isoflurane are commonly used to induce hyperemia for assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) in mice, but high-concentration isoflurane may exacerbate cardiac dysfunction, leading to impaired CFR. However, there is no study be found comparing the effects of adenosine and isoflurane on CFR and corresponding cardiac function. High-resolution echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic assessment were performed in 20 mice 2 wk after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), aortic regurgitation (AR), and corresponding sham operation. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak diastolic velocity (CFRpdv) or diastolic velocity-time integral (CFRdvti). In the sham-operated mice, no differences were observed between the effects of adenosine and isoflurane on CFR, left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening), left ventricular end-systolic pressure, maximal contraction and relaxation velocity (+dp/dt and -dp/dt), alteration of left ventricular pressure (ΔLVP), or ±dp/dt (Δdp/dt). But adenosine-derived results were significantly higher than isoflurane-derived ones in both the TAC and the AR groups. Moreover, CFRpdv or CFRdvti was positively correlated with both LVEF and LVFS. Compared with adenosine-derived CFR, isoflurane-derived CFR may be underestimated in the TAC and the AR mice, which is probably associated with suppressed cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun You
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|